Pay attention to the details of clothes and food. The climate in spring is changeable, and it is warm and cold at first sight. If clothes are suddenly reduced, it is easy to reduce the immunity of human respiratory tract and make pathogens easy to invade. You must add or subtract clothes according to the weather changes, and you can't lose too much at once. Reasonable arrangement of diet, diet should not be too spicy, too much will help to get angry, and it should not be too greasy. It is necessary to reduce the irritation to respiratory tract, such as not smoking or drinking, drinking more water, taking enough vitamins, and eating more foods rich in high-quality protein, sugar and trace elements, such as lean meat, eggs, dates, honey, fresh vegetables and fruits.
3 the law of life. A good rest, a regular life and enough sleep are very important for improving resistance. It is necessary to arrange work and rest reasonably, so that life is regular and work and rest are combined. Whether you are overworked in study or other activities, your ability to resist diseases will inevitably decline and you will be vulnerable to virus infection.
Now, influenza A, which is raging all over the world, is wandering around. First of all, we should take the following measures to prevent influenza:
1. Wash your hands frequently and rub your hands down.
keep fit
3. People with cold and fever are unwell, please see a doctor as soon as possible and tell the doctor to travel.
Vaccinate as soon as possible
5. Don't go to the flu area
People are forbidden to sneeze and cough.
Do the above to prevent influenza a H 1N 1!
Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Often popular in winter and spring, it is spread by air droplets. The incubation period of the disease is short, usually 1 ~ 3 days, ranging from a few hours to a maximum of 4 days. It is highly contagious and spreads quickly. The clinical symptoms are sudden high fever, with severe systemic symptoms and mild respiratory symptoms. Significant headache, body pain, fatigue, dry throat and loss of appetite. Some patients have nasal congestion, runny nose and dry cough. Physical examination showed acute fever, cheek flushing, conjunctival congestion and pharyngeal congestion. Dry rales can be heard in the lungs. The fever reaches its peak in more than 1 ~ 2 days, then falls back in 3 ~ 4 days, and then other symptoms are relieved, but the symptoms of upper respiratory tract often last for 1 ~ 2 weeks before gradually disappearing, and the body recovers slowly. Influenza viruses are divided into three types: A, B and C, among which influenza A poses the greatest threat. Due to the strong pathogenicity of influenza virus, it is easy to mutate. If people lack immunity to the mutated strain, it is easy to trigger an epidemic. Up to now, there have been five pandemics and several mini-pandemics in the world, which have caused billions of people to get sick and tens of millions of people to die, seriously affecting people's social life and production and construction.
How to prevent influenza?
Wash your hands often. This virus can survive for 3 hours in places where patients have been exposed, so you should wash your hands often.
2. Be careful of the enclosed space. Offices and classrooms with bad air are places where colds are easy to catch. Therefore, every day, crowded spaces such as offices and classrooms should be ventilated. You can also keep your nose moist with light salt water.
3. Drink plenty of water. A lot of water can wash the virus off you and prevent dehydration, which is one of the complications of a cold.
4. Don't always rub your nose. Wiping your nose is easy to wipe the virus on your hand directly on your body, where it is most susceptible to infection.
5. Don't always sit still. Do aerobic exercise for 30-45 minutes every day. Such as walking, cycling and dancing, can greatly enhance your ability to resist colds and avoid respiratory infections.
6. Eating more vitamin E and C vitamin E plays an important role in human immune system, but it mostly exists in animal fat and vegetable oil, so people who don't like meat and oil eat less. They need to supplement some foods with vitamin E. Vitamin C can reduce the symptoms and extent of colds. You can take some orally, but don't overdo it.
7. During the influenza epidemic, the assembly shall be suspended, relatives and friends shall not be visited temporarily, activities shall not be held in crowded places, and masks shall be worn when going out. To strengthen ventilation in public places, you can use ultraviolet lamp disinfection, physical disinfection or vinegar fumigation to prevent influenza, and you can also use traditional Chinese medicine to prevent influenza, such as taking Radix Isatidis orally, which is considered to have certain effect. Some people may also have preventive effect by eating garlic and drinking ginger soup.
8. Whether the influenza virus invades the body and causes the disease is mainly related to the immune function of the body. Malnutrition and overwork reduce the body's resistance, especially vulnerable to various pathogens (including influenza virus). Therefore, maintaining a balanced nutrition, avoiding overwork and ensuring adequate sleep are the basic measures to prevent influenza.
Comment | 28 15
2013-05-010: 29 klchnm | Level 4
Prevention knowledge of infectious diseases in spring Spring is a season of frequent diseases, especially infectious diseases. Common infectious diseases include influenza, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, measles, chickenpox, mumps, rubella and scarlet fever. Most of these infectious diseases are respiratory infectious diseases, which can be spread through air, close droplets or contact with respiratory secretions. Schools with dense population and relatively concentrated population will spread more easily once they appear, which will have a great impact on the work and study of teachers and students. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the common infectious diseases in spring and their preventive measures. 1. Common infectious diseases in spring: 1. Influenza (influenza) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is highly contagious and ranks first among infectious diseases. The incubation period is 1-3 days. The main symptoms are fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, dry cough, muscle and joint pain and discomfort all over the body. Fever usually lasts for 3-4 days, and some of them are severe pneumonia or gastrointestinal flu. The main sources of infection are patients and latent infections, and the infection period is 1 week. The route of transmission is mainly direct transmission by air droplets, and also indirect transmission by items contaminated by viruses. People are usually prone to the flu. 2. Meningitis (epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis) Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, referred to as meningitis, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by meningococcus and is highly contagious. In the early stage of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, it is similar to a cold, runny nose, cough, headache and fever. After bacteria enter the cerebrospinal fluid, serious symptoms such as headache, lethargy, neck rigidity, jet-like vomiting, coma and shock appear. The source of infection is mainly patients or carriers, and the transmission route is mainly direct transmission of air droplets. The incubation period is usually 2-3 days, and the longest is one week. People are generally susceptible, especially young children. 3. Measles Measles is an acute infectious disease caused by measles virus. The incubation period is 8- 12 days, and it can be cured in about 10 days. Typical clinical symptoms can be summarized as "three, three, three", that is, the precursor period is three days: three days before the eruption, moderate fever of about 38 degrees appears, accompanied by cough, runny nose, tears, photophobia, and gray spots on the oral and buccal mucosa (this is the characteristic); 3 days of rash: On the 4th to 5th day of the course, the body temperature rises to about 40 degrees, and the red maculopapular rash gradually reaches the trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs from beginning to end; Recovery period: 3-4 days after the eruption, the body temperature gradually returned to normal, the rash began to subside, and the skin left sugar bran desquamation and brown pigmentation. Measles is transmitted by respiratory droplets, and patients are the only source of infection. Continuous immunity can be obtained after illness, and the second onset is rare. People who have never suffered from measles or been vaccinated against measles are generally susceptible, especially children aged 6 months to 5 years have the highest incidence rate (90%). 4. Chickenpox Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. The typical clinical manifestation of chickenpox is moderate to low fever, and soon red maculopapules appear in batches. Rapid transmission route refers to the way that pathogens leave the source of infection and reach healthy people. The main ways of pathogen transmission are: air transmission, water transmission, food transmission, contact transmission, biological vector transmission and so on. 3. Susceptible population Susceptible population refers to people who lack immunity to an infectious disease and are prone to the disease. For example, some children who have never had measles are prone to measles. Let's take the epidemic of influenza as an example to illustrate the three basic links of the epidemic of infectious diseases. When people with influenza talk, cough or sneeze, they will spray a large number of droplets containing influenza virus from the nasopharynx and suspend them in the air. When people around you inhale the air with the virus, the virus will enter the respiratory tract, which may cause the flu. It can be seen that the source of influenza infection is mainly influenza patients, and the transmission route is droplet transmission and air transmission, and the susceptible population can include most people. So, how to prevent infectious diseases? General measures to prevent infectious diseases When infectious diseases are prevalent, the epidemic of infectious diseases can be terminated by cutting off any of the three basic links. Our measures to prevent infectious diseases are all aimed at one of the three basic links. Therefore, in view of the three basic links in the epidemic of infectious diseases, the general measures to prevent infectious diseases can also be divided into the following three aspects. 1. Controlling the source of infection Many infectious diseases are contagious before the onset, and they are most contagious when they show symptoms of infectious diseases in the early stage. Therefore, it is necessary to find, diagnose, report, treat and isolate infectious patients as soon as possible to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Animals suffering from infectious diseases are also sources of infection and should be dealt with in time. This is an important measure to prevent infectious diseases. 2. Cut off the route of transmission The main ways to cut off the route of transmission are to pay attention to personal hygiene and environmental hygiene. Eliminate disease vectors and carry out some necessary disinfection work (as shown below). Can make pathogens lose the chance to infect healthy people. 3. Protecting susceptible people During the epidemic period of infectious diseases, we should pay attention to protecting susceptible people, don't let them contact the source of infection, carry out vaccination, and improve the resistance of susceptible people. For susceptible people themselves, we should actively participate in sports, exercise and enhance disease resistance. Carrying out patriotic health campaigns, improving the environment and personal hygiene, and eliminating flies, graves, rats, bedbugs and other animals that spread diseases or diseases can play a great role in controlling the epidemic of infectious diseases. Third, human infectious diseases There are many kinds of human infectious diseases, which can be divided into four categories according to different transmission routes: respiratory infectious diseases, digestive infectious diseases, blood infectious diseases and body surface infectious diseases. 1. Respiratory infectious diseases Respiratory infectious diseases refer to infectious diseases caused by pathogens invading respiratory mucosa, including influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, mumps, measles and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. These diseases mostly occur in winter and spring, and patients and carriers are the main sources of infection. The initial parasitic sites of pathogens are respiratory mucosa and lungs, which are mainly spread by droplets and air (below). Don't spit everywhere, keep the air circulation in houses and public places, and wear masks to prevent the occurrence of respiratory infectious diseases. 2. Infectious diseases of digestive tract Infectious diseases of digestive tract refer to infectious diseases caused by pathogens invading digestive tract mucosa, including bacillary dysentery, viral hepatitis, typhoid fever, polio, ascariasis, ascariasis, etc. These diseases mostly occur in summer and autumn, and patients and infected animals are the main sources of infection. The initial parasitic site of pathogens is the digestive tract and its affiliated organs, which are mainly transmitted through drinking water and food (below). Therefore, don't drink raw water, don't eat raw vegetables and fruits, vigorously eliminate flies, and wash your hands before and after meals. Can prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases in the digestive tract. 3. Blood infectious diseases Blood infectious diseases refer to infectious diseases caused by arthropods (such as mosquitoes, lice, fleas and ticks). ), so it is also called insect-borne infectious diseases, including malaria, Japanese encephalitis, kala-azar, filariasis, hemorrhagic fever and so on. Patients and infected animals are the main sources of infection. The original parasitic parts of pathogens are blood and lymph, which are mainly transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods (below). Carrying out patriotic health campaign and eliminating blood-sucking arthropods such as mosquitoes and lice can prevent the occurrence of blood infectious diseases. 4. Body surface infectious diseases Body surface infectious diseases refer to infectious diseases caused by direct or indirect contact with sick people and animals, or contact with soil and water containing pathogens, so they are also called contact infectious diseases, including rabies, anthrax, tetanus, schistosomiasis, trachoma, scabies and tinea. The initial parasitic sites of pathogens are skin and body surface mucosa, which are mainly transmitted through contact (below). Isolation of patients, good personal hygiene and no contact with people or animals with pathogens can prevent the occurrence of surface infectious diseases. Four. Different preventive measures Infectious diseases have different treatment methods, but the basic preventive measures are the same. As long as we pay attention to the following points, we can effectively reduce the occurrence and spread of diseases. 1. Eat a reasonable diet, increase nutrition, drink plenty of water, take enough vitamins, and eat more foods rich in high-quality protein, sugar and trace elements, such as lean meat, eggs, dates, honey, fresh vegetables and fruits; Take an active part in physical exercise, go to the suburbs and outdoors to breathe fresh air every day, take a walk, jog, do exercises and punch, so as to make your blood flow smoothly, stretch your muscles and strengthen your physique. 2. Don't go to places with dense population, mixed personnel and air pollution such as farmers' markets, individual restaurants and recreation rooms; 3. Always wash your hands thoroughly with running water, including wiping your hands without dirty towels; 4. Open the window for ventilation every day to keep the indoor air fresh, especially in dormitories, computer rooms and classrooms. 5. Arrange work and rest reasonably to make life regular; Be careful not to be overtired to avoid catching a cold and reducing the disease resistance; 6. Do not eat or process unclean food, refuse to eat all kinds of seafood and meat raw, eat fruits with skins, and do not drink raw water. Don't take the garbage out casually, don't pile it up casually, and the garbage should be destroyed in a unified way. 7. Pay attention to personal hygiene and don't spit or sneeze casually; 8. If you have fever or other discomfort, seek medical advice in time; It is best to wear a mask when going to the hospital and wash your hands after returning to the dormitory to avoid cross-infection; 9. Avoid contact with infectious patients and try not to reach epidemic areas of infectious diseases; 10. Disinfect the articles and rooms used by infected patients properly, such as drying clothes and quilts in the sun, and spraying chlorine-containing disinfectant to wipe the door handles, desktops and floors in the room. Although there are many kinds of infectious diseases in spring, as long as we pay attention to prevention, early detection, early isolation, early diagnosis and early treatment, we can effectively block the epidemic and spread of infectious diseases.
Comment | 18 19
2013-05-0518: 31134335966a | Level II
The state implements the policy of giving priority to prevention, combining prevention with control, classified management, relying on science and relying on the masses for infectious diseases. Governments at all levels should organize mass health activities, carry out health education to prevent infectious diseases, advocate civilized and healthy lifestyles, improve public awareness and ability to deal with infectious diseases, strengthen environmental sanitation construction, and eliminate the harm of vectors such as rats, mosquitoes and flies; Build and construct public health facilities in a planned way, improve the sanitary conditions of drinking water, and carry out harmless treatment of sewage, dirt and feces; The state implements a planned vaccination system; Isolate and manage infectious disease patients, pathogen carriers and suspected infectious disease patients. Specific measures are:
(1) control
The source of infection refers to a person or animal that is parasitized by pathogens and can secrete pathogens. The work of eliminating or making it harmless is called managing the source of infection.
Patients with infectious diseases should be found, reported, isolated and treated early.
Many infectious diseases, such as dysentery, influenza, whooping cough, etc. It is the most contagious at the beginning of the disease. Early detection of patients with infectious diseases can prevent the spread of infectious diseases in time. Early reporting is an important means to prevent and control the epidemic of infectious diseases. After discovering suspected infectious disease patients or confirmed infectious disease patients, they should report to local health centers or epidemic prevention stations quickly. Early isolation can prevent the spread of pathogens, so that patients do not go out and others do not visit. Early and reasonable treatment is beneficial to early cure and reduce mortality.
The management of carriers and contacts with patients with infectious diseases should also be strengthened, and observation and regular inspection should be carried out under the guidance of epidemic prevention personnel.
Many animal infectious diseases can also be transmitted to people. Therefore, isolated treatment can be given to economically valuable sick animals, such as livestock suffering from brucellosis. Sick animals with no economic value or great harm, such as dogs suffering from rabies and animals suffering from anthrax, should be slaughtered and burned. The separation of human and livestock is also an important measure to prevent human and livestock diseases.
(2) cut off the route of transmission
Infectious diseases need specific routes of transmission, from patients or pathogen carriers to healthy people. The common transmission routes are respiratory transmission, intestinal transmission, contact transmission and insect-borne transmission. Some infectious diseases such as hepatitis B can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, sexual intercourse and childbirth. It can also be passed from mother to fetus through placenta. Corresponding measures should be taken to cut off the transmission route.
(3) Protect the susceptible population
Vaccination: refers to injecting or taking vaccines and vaccines that can prevent diseases, so that people can gain resistance to corresponding diseases and prevent the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases. If the human body is injected with measles vaccine, it can be immune to measles and avoid measles.
Drug prevention: At present, there is no effective vaccine to prevent some infectious diseases, but some drugs can play a certain preventive role. For example, malaria can be prevented by taking pyrimethamine orally. Oral compound sulfamethoxazole or sulfadiazine can prevent people who have been exposed to patients with epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.
Window ventilation is to replace outdoor fresh air. Public places (theaters, OK halls, dormitories where many people live) are closed, the air is turbid, carbon dioxide is high, and the air contains a lot of bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the outside air. However, some bacteria, such as epidemic meningitis bacteria, survive for a long time in carbon dioxide containing 10%.
If it's like you said, it depends. When the outdoor environment is less polluted, such as early morning, opening the door for ventilation will also play a role. If the external environment is not as sanitary as the indoor environment, don't ventilate in real time, so as not to be counterproductive.