1 Nutritional needs of black-bone chicken
The characteristics of the breed are strange, but the nutritional needs are not special, which are basically similar to those of ordinary egg breeders at all stages.
2. Feed mix of black-bone chicken
Second, raising young
1 characteristics of young black-bone chicken
Temperature characteristics:
The body temperature of newborn chicks is 2 ~ 3℃ lower than that of adult chicks.
It began to rise slowly at the age of 4 days, and reached the body temperature of adult chickens at the age of 10.
About 3 weeks old, the thermoregulatory function gradually becomes perfect.
After 7 ~ 8 weeks, it has the ability to adapt to the change of external environment temperature.
The digestive system is not well developed, the stomach is small and the digestive ability is weak.
Like to live in groups, timid, and have poor adaptability.
The immune system is imperfect and the disease resistance is poor.
2 brooding methods
(1) Caging
Brooding in brooding cages; Heat sources include electricity and other fuels.
Advantages:
The feeding efficiency per unit area of henhouse is high.
Saves padding and heat energy, and has low cost.
High labor productivity
Can control the occurrence and spread of white dysentery and coccidiosis, and improve the survival rate of brooding.
Raising chicks
⑵ brooding online.
Chickens are raised on nets 0.5～0.6m away from the ground, and the mesh should be so as to leak feces and not harm chickens, and a fence net should be set around to prevent chicks from getting out.
After two weeks, the trough and drinking fountain can be hung outside the fence.
Advantages: convenient management; Chickens don't come into contact with feces, which can reduce the occurrence of diseases and raise chicks with high survival rate.
There are also ways of brooding: underground flue brooding, fire wall brooding, nanny umbrella brooding, infrared brooding and so on.
(3) Drinking water and opening food for chicks.
① Open a drink.
According to the temperature distribution, density requirements and the strength of chicks in the brooding house, the chicks are separated.
Record the number of chicks. After 10min, let the chicks drink water.
Drinking: the first time a chick drinks water after hatching.
Time to start drinking: The sooner the chicks start drinking, the better, in order to supplement the physiological needs of chicks, the discharge of meconium and the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and also to prevent chicks from dehydration under high temperature conditions.
Raising chicks
Precautions for drinking:
The water temperature should be around 15℃, but it is better to be the same as the room temperature.
Drinking 5% ~ 8% sugar water can reduce the mortality of chicks in the first week.
Make sure that every chick can drink: chicks who are slow to respond and can't drink independently should use drip irrigation or syringe to assist drinking artificially.
Generally, there is no water after drinking.
Raising chicks
② eating.
Chickens began to feed after drinking enough water for 3 hours.
Start eating: The chicks eat for the first time after hatching.
Suitable time to start eating:
24 ~ 36h after shell emergence.
When 60% ~ 70% chicks peck.
Method:
Sprinkle the feed on hard paper, plastic cloth or shallow-edged trough which is in great contrast with the feed.
Raising chicks
Feed sticking, uric acid accumulation in kidney and anal paste;
-appropriately reduce the concentration of protein in the food.
Prevention of intestinal diseases:
-add gentamicin and norfloxacin antibiotics to the food.
Feeding principle:
-feed less and feed freely (chicks have small stomach capacity, limited food intake and strong metabolism)
-drinking water and eating hygiene
Raising chicks
Third, the feeding and management of chicks
1 control the environment
(1) temperature
Black-bone chicken is small, with sparse feathers and fast heat dissipation.
Room temperature; Incubator temperature.
The standard of temperature supply is flexibly mastered according to the dynamics of chicks.
(2) Humidity regulation
Humidity is related to the growth and disease resistance of chicks.
Relative humidity after 2 weeks: 55% ~ 60%.
Black-bone chicken is afraid of cold and wet: too high humidity has a greater influence on chicks than low humidity.
During the rainy season, the ground of the brooding room must be kept dry and clean.
Feeding and management of chicks
(3) Ventilation
Minimize harmful gases, keep the air in the brooding room fresh, and ensure the normal growth of chicks.
(4) illumination
Purpose:
From hatching to 3 weeks old: 24 hours light; 4 weeks old:18h; After that, it will be reduced by 0.5h every week, and it will gradually approach the natural light.
Feeding and management of chicks
5] Density
Affect the health and uniformity of chicks and the utilization rate of brooding houses.
Feeding and management of chicks
2 Strengthen feeding to ensure nutrition.
After drinking and eating:
Feeding full-price mixed and broken granular materials.
Feed and drinking water tanks should be placed at intervals and in an orderly manner.
Feeding and drinking water should be quantified regularly.
The slot position should be sufficient:1~ 4 weeks old: 2.5cm/ animal.
5 ~ 8 weeks old: 7cm/ animal
9 ~13 weeks old: 12cm/ animal.
Feeding and management of chicks
3 strengthen management, pay attention to observation
Sick chicken: Stand aloof, lack of energy, unwilling to eat, or make a "squeaking" sound.
Weak chicken: pick out special care at any time, and adjust the group in time. Make chicks feed evenly, and their growth and development are uniform.
Pecking phenomenon: take it out in time and treat it; Find out the reason and eliminate it.
Create a safe and quiet environment to avoid stress.
Feeding and management of chicks
Iv. Feeding and management of bred black-bone chickens
Growth period of black-bone chicken:
Refers to the chickens that are 7-25 weeks old before the chicks are defrosted.
Features:
Organ development tends to be perfect.
The most vigorous period of growth and development.
1 desuperheating
When the black-bone chicken is about 6 weeks old, all the fluff is replaced by silk wool, but the silk wool has poor thermal insulation performance, so it can't be defrosted at this time.
Dewatering:
The temperature adjustment ability is perfect, and the adaptability to external environmental conditions is strengthened.
About 9 weeks old
Gradually: the temperature is removed during the day, and it is still heated at night, so that the chicks can adapt to it for a few days and then completely remove the temperature.
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
2. Preparation for raising adult chickens
Black-bone chickens can be transferred to the growing period after 7 weeks.
Preparation before group transfer: maintenance and disinfection of breeding henhouses, feeding troughs and drinking fountains, and preparation of required feed, padding, medicines and perches.
Seed selection and grouping
Those that do not keep seeds are raised as commercial chickens.
According to the size of the chicken, strength, male and female separate management.
Only100 ~150 is a group.
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
3 Sufficient trough and sink.
4 Motion and density
Characteristics of bred chickens:
An important period of bone and muscle growth
The perfect period of reproductive organ development.
Feeding management: Give chickens enough exercise space, strengthen exercise and get a strong physique.
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
Under the condition of flat cultivation, the suitable density is shown in the table below:
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
5 Adjust the feeding amount
It is advisable to feed the chicken within 25min minutes every day.
10min has been eaten, indicating insufficient appetite.
If you don't finish eating within 25min minutes, it means that the feeding amount is too much.
The water dispenser should be filled with water in time to ensure adequate drinking water.
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
6 Regular weighing
Weight has a certain influence on egg production. Weigh it regularly and compare it with the standard weight at different stages.
Weight requirements: 90 days old: 750g
120th day: 900g
150 days old: 1 100g
180 days old: 1250g.
Pick up10% every week, and if the weight is below the standard, you should increase the feeding amount or feeding times, otherwise you should reduce the feeding amount or feeding times and feed more green feed.
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
7 do a good job in cleaning and hygiene
8 keep the environment quiet
Black-bone chickens are more timid and scared than other breeds.
Police groups affect the normal activities of chickens such as feeding, drinking and resting, and hinder the normal growth and development.
We must be careful in the management process, create quiet environmental conditions, and try to avoid or reduce disturbing the chickens.
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
Five, feeding management of adult black-bone chicken.
Key points of feeding management:
Provide sufficient nutrients to obtain a large number of eggs with high fertilization rate and good quality.
Reduce the eggs outside the nest and keep the cleanliness of the eggshell.
1 Put the egg box in advance
Before the chickens are transferred to the breeder house, the laying boxes should be put away.
Black-bone chickens are timid, so they should use small interval egg boxes.
Egg boxes should be evenly placed in a dark, well-ventilated, moderate, warm and quiet place.
Don't put too much grass in the henhouse, because thick and soft grass is easy to attract chickens to lay eggs outside the nest.
The corners where chickens like to lie down need to be blocked with nets to avoid laying eggs.
Pick up eggs frequently to reduce the breakage rate and eggshell pollution.
Always clean the egg box to keep it clean.
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
2 Feeding mode and density
Adopt semi-grid and semi-ground mixed flat cultivation and mat grass flat cultivation?
Plane feeding density: 4 ~ 5 animals/m2.
3 Feeding amount and feeding method
Factors affecting feed intake:
Environmental temperature, energy level in diet
Weight and egg laying rate
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
The feeding amount is shown in the following table:
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
Feeding method:
Powder feeding, but also particle feeding.
When feeding with powder, it only needs to account for 2/3 of the capacity of the feeding tank, which is easy to cause waste if it is too full.
Feeding in winter, you can take the millet from the diet, and feed this part of the original millet to the chicken at night, so that the chicken will not feel hungry at night and have a good rest, which will help improve the egg laying rate?
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
4 illumination
Strength: A 40W light bulb is installed in the building area of 3.5m long and 5m wide?
Time: 16h
5 do a good job of waking up the nest
For those who just nest, injecting testosterone propionate, 12.5mg/kg body weight, it is expected that they will wake up within 3 ~ 5 days, but the effect is not obvious for those who have been nesting for a long time.
Stimulating to wake up the nest with 26V low voltage has no obvious effect on those who have been in the nest for a long time.
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
6 make all kinds of records.
Egg laying record
Feed consumption record
Chicken flock change record
Disease prevention and treatment records, etc.
Feeding management of adult black-bone chicken
For more information, you can join the special care family.