In 2005, a complete and stiff mammoth was found near the Arctic Circle in Russia. There is still Ranunculus ternatus in the mouth of this mammoth, and its eyes are still transparent. Scientists believe that tens of thousands of years ago, this mammoth was eating Ranunculus, and the temperature suddenly dropped, and it was frozen in the ice before it could swallow the food in its mouth.
This mammoth did not come back to life. Of course, it may have been frozen at a temperature of less than 270 degrees in an instant, and it did not thaw in an instant. But even if it is reached, it will die. After all, cells are not machines. Even if the metal is frozen instantly, the structure between molecules may be destroyed if it is thawed instantly. Freezing is bound to freeze water. There can be about 80% water in human body, and its freezing will destroy cells.
Don't say it's MINUS 270 degrees, it's 273. 15 degrees of absolute zero. Freezing a life instantly will also kill it, because theoretically, at absolute zero, even atoms stop vibrating, let alone macroscopic objects. For any object to exist, it must have certain energy (such as intermolecular potential energy, kinetic energy of molecules), and the greater the kinetic energy of molecules, the higher the temperature. Absolute zero means that the energy of an object has reached a limit, or it is completely gone.
Of course, if the absolute zero of scientific conjecture can freeze time, it may be another matter, but according to the third law of thermodynamics, absolute zero can never be achieved, and it can only be infinitely approximated. Because there must be energy and heat in any space, and they are constantly transforming each other without disappearing. So absolute zero does not exist unless there is no energy or heat in the space from the beginning. In this space, all matter has no particle vibration at all, and its total volume is zero.
As for the difference between being frozen at MINUS 270 degrees and normal, and the physiological changes of life and death, it is actually the same thing. The living cells remain active, work normally to complete metabolism, while the dead cells stop moving, and begin to decline completely, and no new cells are produced. When people are frozen at minus 270 degrees, their cells stop moving, but they don't die immediately after being frozen. At this time, even if people thaw instantly, they can only say that the cells are not dead, but people are dead.
PS: Answering this question reminds me of the Glacier of the Saint, which is unscientific.
I don't think so, for two reasons: 1. It is reported that some rich people in the west have an incurable disease and freeze themselves. In the future, when technology is developed, it will be thawed to live again. 2. I once watched a TV and put the goldfish into liquid nitrogen (boiling point-196), and the goldfish was passive instantly. Then, the goldfish was put into the water, and as a result, the goldfish swam slowly again. Of course, the goldfish died in the end, but it was done in the studio and no special measures were taken. Therefore, if it is a person, it will definitely be more scientific and rigorous, and I believe it will guarantee the survival of people.
In addition, it has been suggested that 80% of human cells are water. Because the density of ice is less than that of water, the volume of water increases when it freezes, and the cell wall is broken, so people cannot survive. This problem does exist, and people in life are frostbitten for this reason. But this reason is that we only know one thing and don't know the other. It is true that water freezes, but it happens at the freezing point of water. After water freezes, the temperature drops again, and ice also has the property of expanding with heat and contracting with cold. That is to say, if the temperature of ice drops low enough, its volume is not larger than that of water with the same quality. When freezing goldfish, it is directly placed in liquid nitrogen, avoiding the freezing process at the freezing point, and the volume of ice is reduced without increasing it. Therefore, the frozen volume of water in the cell does not increase, so it will not burst the cell wall. Otherwise, let the fish freeze naturally, and everyone who fishes in winter knows that the fish that is frozen hard will not come back to life if it is put back into the water.
A person is instantly frozen to MINUS 270 degrees, of course, he will not die at that time! However, it is very difficult to wake him up from hibernation. It is likely to kill him!
First of all, after people are frozen, they can indeed make human organs in a state similar to animal hibernation, thus maintaining the state before freezing. However, the temperature in the question is really too low, which may cause some harm to the human body, but I think it should not be fatal!
Secondly, when to revive frozen people and how to revive them! Foreign medical experts have already confirmed that some people hope to recover in the next few decades by freezing, but research shows that if the freezing time is too long, the frozen person may die in the process of recovery!
Therefore, although instantaneous freezing may harm human body, it will not cause the death of the frozen person. However, until now, how to thaw frozen people, especially those who have been frozen for a long time, is still a world problem. Therefore, the possibility of death of this frozen person is still very high!
A: In terms of current technology, this person will surely die; But in theory, it is possible that a new technology may be developed in the future, so that this person can temporarily sleep at low temperature (close to absolute zero) and then thaw and wake up in the future.
Theoretically, when the human body is in low temperature, its metabolism is greatly slowed down, and the body is in a dormant state, but there are still many bottlenecks in low temperature technology.
Bottleneck 1. The whole human body cannot enter the low temperature instantly. When protein slowly enters the low temperature, it will gradually lose its activity. This change is irreversible. The solution is to let the whole human body enter the low temperature instantly, and the activity of protein will be preserved at this time.
The current technology can make a single human organ enter a low temperature state quickly, but it is not possible to make the whole human body enter a low temperature instantly from the inside out.
Second, it is difficult to avoid that 70% of the ice crystals produced by the bottleneck and ultra-low temperature are water. After the water rapidly cools to the freezing point, it will randomly generate tiny and sharp ice crystals, which will puncture cells and cause irreparable damage to human cells.
Learning from hibernating frogs, they can survive at MINUS 20. Before frogs enter low temperature, their bodies will release a lot of glucose, which will dissolve in body fluids, greatly reducing the freezing point of body fluids.
However, once the outside temperature exceeds the limit (more than 30 degrees below zero), the frog's cells will also be damaged irretrievably.
At present, both human embryo preservation technology and organ preservation technology add special cryopreservation solution. On the one hand, it prevents organisms from deteriorating; On the other hand, it is to avoid water crystallization in organs from damaging cell membranes.
But for the living human body, this method will not work.
Bottleneck 3. How to instantly unfreeze the third bottleneck is still a bit premature, but it is also worth mentioning.
If the first two bottlenecks are overcome, the next step is the thawing technology of ultra-low temperature dormancy, which needs to restore the whole human body to room temperature in a very short time to ensure that protein, DNA and other active substances in the body will not be destroyed.
Such technology is not available at present, and some people may think that microwave ovens may be able to ... giggle ... This idea is good, and we can study it ... hee hee.
These are the three bottlenecks of low-temperature dormancy, which scientists are still studying at present. Anyway, in theory, low-temperature dormancy is feasible.
Like a water bear worm with strong vitality, it can survive for several days in the environment of -200 and 2 minutes in the ultra-low temperature of -272. Under such harsh conditions, life can survive, so who can say for sure about the future technology?
I saw an experiment in the Chinese University of Science and Technology before. A fish was frozen in liquid nitrogen at minus 190 degrees, and then it was taken out and put in warm water. However, the freezing time was very short, and the fish died after repeated freezing. So for people, freezing directly at MINUS 270 degrees will definitely kill them, because 70% of the human body is water, and the water will definitely freeze during the freezing process, piercing some cells of the human body. At present, there are experiments of freezing human body abroad, which are all carried out after replacing blood and water in human body.
No one is frozen to-270℃, and it usually takes-120℃ to-196℃ to store animal cells for a long time. At this temperature, all chemical processes almost completely stop. Therefore, cryonics now being studied by the scientific community is carried out within this temperature range.
The key to cryopreservation of living organisms is to preserve their bodies from damage, and ultimately it is the basic unit of the body that cells are not damaged.
To ensure that the body is not damaged is not measured by whether freezing can be carried out quickly, and it is not such a simple thing as instantaneous freezing. There is a complicated process in it.
There are some strange phenomena in nature that have attracted the attention of scientists.
A pear tree or an apple tree can spend the winter at a low temperature of -30 to -40 degrees, and bloom can grow and bear fruit in warm spring; Some mollusks on the beach, such as mussels and oysters, become ice sculptures in the cold, and when the tide comes back, they wake up like sleeping beauty.
This miracle has not appeared in more animals and plants. They died in the cold and never woke up.
By analyzing and studying these phenomena, scientists finally discovered the secret, that is, how to avoid chemical damage to cells and ice crystal damage during freezing. This damage mainly occurs between 0℃ and -60℃. How to avoid this damage stage safely in the process of freezing and recovery, reach the safe freezing temperature of-120℃, or return to normal temperature is a difficult problem that science needs to break through.
There are two methods at present. One is to use glycerol to replace the liquid containing water in human tissues, so that the freezing time inside and outside the cells is different, and the cells are dehydrated by freezing outside, which can avoid damage; Second, vitrification freezing technology without phase change during freezing can protect cells.
These two technologies have many complicated mechanisms and methods, so I won't introduce them in detail because this paper is not an academic paper but a popular science. In a word, cryopreservation technology is still a thing in the process of research, and there are still many difficulties to overcome.
Although many people in the world have chosen cryopreservation after death, hoping to help them return to the world with higher science and technology one day, it is still unknown whether their wishes can be realized. Paul Siegel, a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, specializes in cryobiology. He once tried to freeze a living hamster and a beagle for 2 hours, and finally succeeded in bringing them back to life.
However, no one is sure whether the human body and consciousness can be revived after being frozen for a long time for decades and hundreds of years.
At present, the largest cryonics companies in the world are the Alcaud Life Extension Foundation in Arizona, USA, and the cryonics organization in Michigan, USA. Cryopreservation service is a charging item, and service can be reserved if necessary.
Although whether it can be resurrected is still a very slim unknown, the glimmer of hope is still very attractive. Some people choose frozen preservation before they die, hoping to recover and return to the world one day. Even some people just keep a head, just hoping that their consciousness will be revived and their spirit will live forever.
For example, Oxford philosophers Postron and Sandberg only booked a cheaper service: only the head was refrigerated. Now Alcaud Life Extension Foundation has frozen 1 17 bodies.
Although this project is still "sci-fi" now, it is much more realistic than the "sci-fi" that realizes super-light-speed time reversal. Time and space communication wishes these pioneers a dream come true.
When the temperature is below 19, there will be a negative balance of heat. When the body temperature drops below 33, the function of the thermoregulatory center is out of order, and when the body temperature drops below 30, the function of internal organs is obviously reduced and consciousness is lost; When the body temperature drops below 22, it is difficult to maintain the life center; When the body temperature drops to 14 16, the human body will freeze to death.
Under normal circumstances, the temperature of the human body is around 37, and the outside temperature will drop around 20 degrees Celsius. If the core body temperature drops by 2 degrees Celsius, it will lead to hypothermia: unconsciousness and abnormal heartbeat. When the human body temperature is 24 degrees Celsius, the heartbeat will stop. Theoretically, the lowest limit of human body temperature is 0. At this temperature, human tissues will freeze, cells in the body will be destroyed, and the water retained in human cells will become larger when it freezes, which will directly burst the cell wall.
Under the condition of using protective agent, human cells can be preserved for 30-50 years in liquid nitrogen of-0/96. However, cells stored in dry ice or -70 refrigerator lost more than 50% of their vitality after 6 months, while human cells lost all their vitality in dry ice after 4 months.
When a person is instantly frozen to MINUS 270 degrees, even if he will not die, even if he is alive when he is thawed, he will not live long, because in this case, human organs and cells are in the pre-stage of total collapse. The main reason why a single stem cell can remain active after thawing in liquid nitrogen environment is that under the environment of 196 C, the water in the stem cell will not condense into ice and break the cell wall under the action of protective agent.
In fact, the research on human cryopreservation and resurrection has been going on for decades. The biggest problem of freezing human body is not that it can't reach low temperature, but that after reaching low temperature, a large amount of water in human cells will change phase, thus squeezing and destroying the inherent structure of cells in spatial conformation.
You can do an experiment by filling a paper box with water, sealing it and putting it in the freezer. When you take it out in a few hours, the carton will definitely burst, because the volume of water increases in the process of turning into ice. Therefore, the key to non-destructive freezing of human body is not how low the temperature can be, but whether the water-rich human body can be kept in the same three-dimensional conformation as before freezing.
There are two ways for a liquid to change into a solid. One is discontinuous solidification in the form of crystals after phase change, which is how water molecules operate under normal circumstances. However, another way is so-called vitrification, in which the liquid is continuously solidified without undergoing phase change during the glass solidification process.
In fact, the solid in the vitrified state still has fluidity. Theoretically, glass at room temperature is still liquid and has certain fluidity, but the fluidity is too small to be observed. If the human body can be vitrified at low temperature, the cell structure will be completely preserved in theory, which is the key to the resurrection of frozen human body.
However, it seems that the key to realize the vitrification of human body is not low enough temperature and fast enough freezing time. We may need to add some special substances into the frozen human body to maintain the vitrification and solidification process of water molecules. However, the research in this field is far from reaching the application stage.
The most important point of this question is not MINUS 270, but the word instant. The instantaneous temperature change can only be explained from the microscopic point of view, and there is no physical state change from the macroscopic point of view. It means that liquid water instantly becomes MINUS 270, so it is still liquid water and will not become ice, so this problem can be likened to time freezing, and people will definitely not die if time is frozen. Those who know will understand, and those who don't can't explain.
Speaking of this question, is it easy to think of cryonics technology? Yes, the principle of cryonics technology is to keep a person who has died recently at extremely low temperature, and dream of bringing him back to life through advanced medical means in the future. The first factor for the success of this technology is instant freezing. So if the hypothetical situation can happen, can this person still live?
As far as I know, the possibility of this person not dying is almost zero! First of all, let alone how it can't be realized with the current technology. Even if a person can be instantly frozen to this temperature, he will not only die, but also die!
1. What is the concept of minus 270 degrees? As we all know, absolute zero is-273. 15 degrees, so-270 degrees is very close to absolute zero. At present, the most suitable temperature for cryonics technology is-0/96 degrees, which is not only a little higher than that. At such a low temperature, let alone how cells can be preserved completely, even bones will be frozen to pieces. That's because even if it quickly turns into ice, the pressure of the human body still exists. Instant freezing will increase the pressure of the human body, and the human body will burst into ice. If an astronaut dies unfortunately in space, his companions will freeze him in space, and then he will become a pile of powder as long as it vibrates slightly. In the same way, this person will end up like an astronaut.
Second, how to achieve instant freezing to such a low temperature? Although we can think that it is possible to freeze to such a low temperature instantly in an ideal state, it is impossible for all cells in the human body to enter the frozen state at once, because the body is very thick, and some cells, especially neurons with neurites, are thin and long, which are easily damaged and cannot be recovered once they are damaged. The importance of nerve cells to the human body is self-evident, and even if they are thawed, they are likely to be vegetative.
Third, how to achieve instant thawing? Since it is said that instant freezing is impossible, instant thawing is also impossible, because it will also cause damage to human cells during thawing. If you are not careful, human cells will die in a large area. Even if it is thawed, it is a lifeless cell. How can anyone be resurrected?
In a word, even if the topic can be established and the scientific and technological conditions are sufficient, this person is hopeless!