(A) the price increase of agricultural products
Hot background
Since the beginning of this year, the prices of agricultural products have generally shown an upward trend, and the prices of grain, cotton and raw milk have hit record highs. In July, the prices of rice, wheat and corn were 1 19.4 yuan,1kloc-0/.6 yuan and10/.3 yuan, which were all the highest in history. With the rising prices of agricultural products, a series of online hot words, such as "garlic is cruel", "beans are fun" and "spicy", were born, poking fun at "crazy vegetable prices". According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Commerce, the price of vegetables rose by 49.7%, the price of eggs rose by 9.3% and the price of pork rose by 4% in July.
In the next few months of this year, the prices of most agricultural products will maintain an upward trend due to factors such as rising costs, inflation expectations and rising international food prices.
On September 2nd, the State Council issued the Notice on Further Promoting Vegetable Production to Ensure Market Supply and Price Stability, and put forward seven specific measures, which showed that the central government attached great importance to people's livelihood issues. The Notice puts forward specific requirements and action measures for the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Transport and other local governments at all levels, so as to further promote vegetable production and ensure the basic stability of prices.
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) severely cracked down on malicious hoarding, price gouging and price collusion during the period of abnormal price fluctuation. On July 1 day, after the National Development and Reform Commission issued four fines of up to1million yuan for driving up the prices of agricultural products, on July 13, the "Special Provisions on Punishment of Price Violations in the Period of Abnormal Market Price Fluctuation (Draft for Comment)" was promulgated, and it was planned to impose a fine of up to 2 million yuan on the operators of these price violations.
Knowledge link
How to treat the rising prices of agricultural products?
First, the reason analysis
① Natural factors are unavoidable, and the current round of price increase, market supply and demand are the main factors. The price increase of agricultural products is related to many natural disasters. The drought in the southwest and the continuous low temperature in the central and eastern regions have greatly affected the production and supply of vegetables, garlic and mung beans. China is in the period of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, and the demand for agricultural products will increase rigidly, while the bottlenecks of cultivated land, water and other resources will become more and more tight.
② Circulation cost is an important driving force for the increase of vegetable prices. The vegetable production base has gradually shifted from the suburbs of big cities to rural areas, and the circulation links have increased, and the circulation field has been wholesale at all levels, and the price has been increased at all levels; The increase in transportation costs and labor costs are also important reasons.
③ The market information is not smooth, the organization of vegetable production and marketing is low, and the market regulation is spontaneous, blind and lagging; National macro-control is not timely.
(4) Capital speculation is to blame for the price increase of agricultural products. The market speculators' crazy speculation has objectively increased the contradiction between supply and demand and the price fluctuation range; The speculation of market funds is the main factor to promote its soaring price. After the introduction of the New Deal in the property market, the funds for property speculation have nowhere to go for a while, and the stock market is not good. Coupled with the frequent occurrence of some natural disasters, these humble agricultural products "make waves" under the catalytic effect of funds. Market speculators take advantage of the characteristics of garlic, mung bean and other agricultural products, such as concentrated origin, strong seasonality, declining output and asymmetric market information, to maliciously hoard, drive up prices and seriously disrupt market order.
⑤ Value determines price, and farmers' cost of growing vegetables increases. With the acceleration of urban-rural integration and the free flow of urban-rural factors, the price of agricultural products in China has been driven mainly by the cost of material inputs, and gradually changed to be driven by factors such as labor, land, material and service costs and consumer demand. The means of production such as labor costs, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, seeds and agricultural films for farmers to grow vegetables have been rising all the way.
⑥ With the economic globalization, many countries suffered from grain production reduction, which led to a general increase in international food prices. With the continuous internationalization of agricultural products market, the contact between domestic and foreign markets is increasingly close. Judging from this year's situation, many countries have suffered from reduced grain production and triggered a series of chain reactions, which led to a general surge in international food prices.
⑦ The increase of money supply leads to the rise of price level and pushes CPI higher. In the first half of this year, the amount of credit increased by 4.6 trillion yuan. It increased by 18.5% year-on-year, much higher than the growth rate of China's real economy.
The farmers' "vegetable garden" is getting smaller and smaller. A deep-seated reason for the high price of urban vegetables lies in the fact that a large number of vegetable fields around the city have given way to large-scale land development and the self-sufficiency rate of urban vegetables is too low.
Second, the impact
The price of agricultural products has risen too fast, on the one hand, it has increased the living cost of urban residents; On the other hand, farmers may not be able to benefit from the price increase.
III. Significance and Countermeasures of Strengthening National Macro-control
Agricultural products are closely related to residents' lives. Maintaining the normal production, circulation and price order of agricultural products is related to the stable development of agricultural production and the vital interests of the broad masses of people. Therefore, strengthening the macro-control of the country and resolutely maintaining the normal market order are the inevitable requirements for managing social inflation expectations, promoting the basic stability of the overall price level, and maintaining stable and rapid economic development, as well as the urgent need to stabilize people's lives and maintain social stability.
(1) to strengthen the supervision of agricultural products market. Severely crack down on speculation such as hoarding and price gouging.
② Strengthening the construction of vegetable information system. Relevant departments should take effective measures to further improve the price monitoring system that reflects market fluctuations. Establish a more sensitive price monitoring and early warning system, expand the breadth of monitoring coverage and increase the depth of monitoring data.
③ Effectively strengthen the mayor responsibility system of "vegetable basket".
④ Attach importance to "vegetable garden" and strengthen the construction of key vegetable production bases. To steadily develop agricultural production, the focus of policy regulation should be on mobilizing and protecting farmers' enthusiasm for production and increasing supply, so as to prevent suppressing the reasonable rise of agricultural product prices.
⑤ Improve the organization of vegetable production and marketing. Establish an effective intermediary organization between farmers and the market to help farmers get out of the predicament of price fluctuation;
⑥ Improve the conditions of vegetable circulation facilities; Improve the "green channel" policy.
Test exercise
1 Materials After the price of garlic soared above that of pork, in many places, the price of black beans also rose strangely, and mung beans also sold for 10 yuan a catty. As a result, domestic netizens gave a special name to the uncontrollable price of whole grains. The price increase of garlic was called "You are malicious", the price increase of mung beans, red beans and black beans was dubbed "You play with beans", and now there is "corn madness" Why is this kind of imagination? Some media said that it originated from some TV stations and newspapers opening up health programs or columns. Health experts said that something was good, and the price of that thing soon rose. However, we should see that the behind-the-scenes promoters of the skyrocketing prices of miscellaneous grains are not all health programs, at least there are two main reasons: a large number of hot money deliberately hyped and poor market price supervision. Of course, it is also related to the decrease in total supply, the increasing demand in the domestic market and the increase in export volume.
Material 2 On May 22nd, the National Development and Reform Commission held a national meeting of price directors, which indicated that it would strengthen the regulation and supervision of the market, stabilize the market price work, and proposed to issue temporary price subsidies to urban and rural low-income groups. In June, the National Development and Reform Commission promulgated the Special Provisions on Punishment of Price Violations in the Period of Abnormal Market Price Fluctuation, and then answered the reporter's questions on the Draft for Comment.
Combined with material 1, talk about your understanding of abnormal price fluctuation of whole grains from the perspective of economic life. (9 points)
① Supply and demand affect prices. Consumer demand is influenced by factors such as conformity and the use value of goods; The total supply is decreasing, the domestic market demand is increasing, and the export volume is increasing, which leads to the soaring price of whole grains. (3 points) ② The soaring price of miscellaneous grains is the result of the law of value. Price changes affect production and management, and the soaring price of miscellaneous grains has attracted a lot of hot money speculation. (3 points) ③ The abnormal fluctuation of miscellaneous grains prices indicates that market regulation has weaknesses and defects such as spontaneity and blindness. If left unchecked, it will hurt not only consumers, but also farmers and related industries. We must strengthen national macro-control, rectify and standardize the market, and ensure the healthy development of related industries. (3 points)
2. Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission severely cracked down on malicious hoarding, price gouging and price collusion during the period of abnormal price fluctuation. On July 1 day, after the National Development and Reform Commission issued four fines of up to1million yuan for driving up the prices of agricultural products, on July 13, the "Special Provisions on Punishment of Price Violations in the Period of Abnormal Market Price Fluctuation (Draft for Comment)" was promulgated, and it was planned to impose a fine of up to 2 million yuan on the operators of these price violations. Since the beginning of July, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has announced a series of enforcement actions, targeting at some agricultural products companies trying to push up prices by colluding, fabricating and spreading false news about price increases and maliciously hoarding. Analyzing the correctness of the behavior of the national development and reform commission with the knowledge of market economy.
(1) Market regulation is not omnipotent, and there are shortcomings and defects in market regulation, so it needs national macro-control. The national development and reform commission's behavior is to make up for the defects of market regulation by macro-control means.
(2) Market economy is legal economy. The national development and reform commission's behavior is to use legal means to macro-control the prices of agricultural products.
(3) It shows that in the socialist market economy, the state can implement strong socialist macro-control. China's agriculture has had bumper harvests year after year, and its grain stocks are abundant, and it has sufficient control ability to maintain the overall stability of the agricultural product market, and the prices of agricultural products are still under control.
3. On September 2, the State Council issued the Notice on Further Promoting Vegetable Production to Ensure Market Supply and Price Stability, and put forward seven specific measures, which showed that the central government attached great importance to people's livelihood issues. The Notice puts forward specific requirements and action measures for the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Transport and other local governments at all levels, in order to further promote vegetable production and ensure the basic stability of prices. On July 1 day, after the National Development and Reform Commission issued four fines of up to1million yuan for driving up the prices of agricultural products, on July 13, the "Special Provisions on Punishment of Price Violations in the Period of Abnormal Market Price Fluctuation (Draft for Comment)" was promulgated, and it was planned to impose a fine of up to 2 million yuan on the operators of these price violations.
Combined with the materials, this paper briefly analyzes the political truth embodied in a series of major measures taken by China to stabilize the prices of agricultural products.
① It embodies the national nature and functions of our country. In the materials, in the face of rising prices of agricultural products, the State Council issued the "Notice", which put forward specific requirements and action measures for various departments and local governments at all levels, strengthened macro-control and ensured the basic stability of prices, which reflected the Chinese government's active exercise of economic functions and social services, and reflected the national nature of the people's democratic dictatorship in China.
② It embodies the concept of serving the government, responsible government and government ruled by law.
Adhere to the principle of being responsible to the people. The price of agricultural products is not only related to the living consumption of urban people, but also directly affects the income level of farmers. From a macro perspective, if the price of vegetables is allowed to rise, it will be difficult to achieve the goal of controlling the CPI increase below 3% this year; From the perspective of people's livelihood, the surge in vegetable prices will greatly increase the pressure on urban residents, especially low-and middle-income residents.
④ It embodies the principle of adhering to the rule of law. After the National Development and Reform Commission issued four fines of up to/kloc-0.00 million yuan to drive up the prices of agricultural products, it also promulgated the Special Provisions (Draft for Comment), which is to macro-control the prices of agricultural products by legal means.
4. Material 1 Compared with the beginning of July, the wholesale price of vegetables and pork and the retail price of eggs in 36 large and medium-sized cities across the country all rose more. The continuous rise of food prices during the year and the "sudden rise" of Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day are superimposed together. Recently, the "vegetable basket" is really not easy. The "food basket" contains farmers' income, and the increase in agricultural product prices is in step with the increase in the opportunity cost of agricultural production. A moderate increase in agricultural product prices is conducive to ensuring supply and increasing income, which is conducive to protecting farmers' enthusiasm for production; The "food basket" is also filled with citizens' expenses, and the rising prices of agricultural products have greatly increased the pressure on the lives of urban low-income groups. Therefore, price control should take care of both citizens and farmers.
Analysis with historical materialism knowledge: price control should take into account the rationality of both citizens and farmers.
The masses of the people are the main body of practice and the creators of history, and it is required to establish the mass viewpoint and adhere to the mass line. The Party Central Committee's efforts to safeguard and improve people's livelihood are the embodiment of establishing a mass viewpoint and adhering to the mass line. ② Values play a guiding role, and correct values can guide people to correctly understand and transform the world. The Party Central Committee's efforts to safeguard and improve people's livelihood are conducive to solving outstanding contradictions and problems in China's economic and social development and to building a harmonious socialist society. ③ Social existence determines social consciousness, which is counterproductive to social existence. It is required to establish correct social consciousness and guide the development of social existence with correct social consciousness. China * * * Productive Party attaches great importance to and strives to solve people's livelihood issues, which is determined by the prominent social existence of people's livelihood issues in China, which is conducive to solving the prominent contradictions and problems in China's current social development and promoting the development of a harmonious socialist society.
On September 2, 2002, the State Council issued the Notice on Further Promoting Vegetable Production to Ensure Market Supply and Price Stability, and put forward seven specific measures, which showed that the central government attached great importance to people's livelihood issues.
Analysis with political science knowledge: the reason why the central government attaches great importance to people's livelihood issues.
(1) China * * * production party represents the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, and adheres to Scientific Outlook on Development and people-oriented.
(2) China * * * production party is the leading core of socialist society, the vanguard of the working class, and the vanguard of the Chinese nation and the people of China. The purpose of the party is to serve the people wholeheartedly, and it is the party's goal to build the party for the public and govern for the people. Therefore, we must attach great importance to people's livelihood issues.
③ The nature of a country determines its functions. China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship and the people are the masters of the country. Our government attaches great importance to people's livelihood, which reflects the national nature of our country.
(4) state organs should earnestly perform state functions, safeguard the vital interests of the people, and our government attaches great importance to people's livelihood issues, which is a concrete manifestation of state organs' performance of social services and socialist modernization.
⑤ Our government attaches great importance to people's livelihood. It shows that the government is a government that serves the people, insists on governing for the people and according to law, and strives to build a service government, a responsible government and a government ruled by law.
State organs must adhere to the principle of being responsible to the people.
5. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to vegetable production and market supply. Through the implementation of the "vegetable basket" project and other policies and measures, vegetable production and circulation have developed rapidly, vegetable output has increased substantially, varieties have become increasingly rich, quality has been continuously improved, and the market circulation system has been gradually improved, basically meeting the growing consumption needs of urban and rural residents. However, in recent years, due to the weakening of the mayor's responsibility system of "vegetable basket" in some areas, the measures are not implemented, the level of vegetable production and organization are still low, and the capacity of circulation facilities is insufficient, resulting in the increasingly prominent problems such as the low self-sufficiency rate of vegetables, the ups and downs of vegetable prices, the difficulty for farmers to sell vegetables and the coexistence of residents to buy vegetables. In this regard, we must give full play to the role of market mechanism, strengthen the mayor's responsibility system of "vegetable basket", strengthen government regulation, combine solving current problems with establishing a long-term mechanism, and take more targeted measures to further promote vegetable production and ensure the basic stability of market supply and price.
Analysis with economic common sense knowledge: the correctness of "finding the market" and "finding the mayor" in implementing the "vegetable basket" project.
(1) Simple market regulation has its own weaknesses and defects. Therefore, we should "find the mayor", that is, the government should carry out macro-control on prices and take more targeted measures to further promote vegetable production and ensure the basic stability of market supply and prices. (4 points)
(2) The market can timely and flexibly respond to changes in market supply and demand, and realize rational allocation of resources; It can arouse people's enthusiasm for production, promote scientific and technological progress, improve labor productivity and realize rational utilization of resources. We must give full play to the role of the market mechanism and "find the market". (4 points)
(3) Under the condition of socialist market economy, we should combine "tangible hand" and "invisible hand" to realize the rational allocation of resources. Therefore, we must give full play to the role of the market mechanism and "find the market"; Also "looking for the mayor" and strengthening the "vegetable basket" mayor responsibility system. So as to promote vegetable production and ensure that market supply and prices are basically stable. (4 points)
6. Guoqiang Cheng, a researcher at the State Council Development Research Center, analyzed that the price of agricultural products has a strong transmission and amplification effect. An increase in the price of a grain product may lead to unstable expectations for the whole agricultural product market, which will lead to an overall increase in the prices of other agricultural products in a short period of time. According to research, every increase in corn price 10% will increase pork price by 5.3%. Every time the soybean price rises by 10%, the pork price rises by 7.8%. Grain is the source of food production chain and an important raw material for food, beverage and feed processing. Therefore, rising food prices will not only directly increase residents' food consumption expenditure, but also increase the production cost of food and beverage processing industry through the transmission of industrial chain, or increase the price of meat, poultry, eggs and milk products through the increase of feed industry cost, and drive the price of fruits and vegetables to rise.
Not only that, with the continuous internationalization of agricultural products market, the contact between domestic and foreign markets is also increasingly close. Judging from this year's situation, many countries have suffered from grain production cuts, and Russia's wheat production has been reduced by more than 40%, which has triggered a series of chain reactions, leading to a general increase in international food prices. For our country, because the consumption of soybean oil mainly depends on imported soybean and soybean oil, the price increase of international agricultural products directly affects the price of domestic edible oil.
Combined with material analysis: the philosophical basis of chain reaction caused by rising agricultural product prices.
(1) contact is universal, adhere to the contact point of view. The rising prices of agricultural products will indeed trigger a chain reaction, and more targeted measures must be taken to further promote vegetable production and ensure the basic stability of market supply and prices.
② Causality is universal and objective. Only by correctly grasping the causal relationship of things can we improve people's consciousness and foresight of activities. Grain is the source of food production chain and an important raw material for food, beverage and feed processing. Rising food prices will increase the production cost of food and beverage processing industry through the transmission of industrial chain, or increase the price of meat, poultry, eggs and milk products through the increase of feed industry cost, and drive the price of fruits and vegetables to rise.
③ Part restricts the whole, even under certain conditions, the performance of key parts will play a decisive role in the overall performance state. It is necessary to do a good job in the local area to maximize the overall function. An increase in the price of a grain product may lead to unstable expectations for the whole agricultural product market, which will lead to an overall increase in the prices of other agricultural products in a short period of time. With the continuous internationalization of agricultural products market, the contact between domestic and foreign markets is increasingly close. Judging from this year's situation, many countries have suffered from reduced grain production, which has led to a general increase in international food prices.
④ Contact is objective. It is inherent in the thing itself, independent of human will.