A food for treating hyperlipidemia
First, Ganoderma lucidum
Ganoderma lucidum alone or in combination with lipid-lowering drugs can reduce serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein, and increase high-density lipoprotein. At the same time, it can also reduce the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity and improve the disorder of hemorheology. The protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum can prevent or alleviate the liver injury caused by chemically synthesized lipid-regulating drugs. Ganoderma lucidum's function of regulating blood lipid is the basis of its protective effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Second, fish
Fish contains extremely low saturated fat, especially cold-water fish from deep sea, and contains a lot of W-3 fatty acids. According to the research of American scientists, people who take W-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA supplements) have lower cholesterol and triglycerides, lower blood viscosity and lower blood pressure.
Third, fruits and vegetables.
Eating a lot of fruits, vegetables and water-soluble fiber is beneficial to lowering cholesterol. Light water-soluble fiber (such as whole wheat bran) can prevent constipation, but it is not helpful to lower cholesterol. Foods containing water-soluble fiber include beans, dates, apples, figs, dried plums, cauliflower, oat bran and so on. Dried plums contain 60% soluble pectin, soybeans and their products have the same effect, and konjac food also contains a lot of water-soluble fiber.
Fourth, garlic
American researchers found that eating half a garlic a day (whole garlic is better) can help some people lower their cholesterol 10% and lower their blood pressure. Alliin is a healthy active ingredient in garlic. Taking 900 mg tasteless garlic capsules every day has the same effect as eating garlic.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) onions (surname)
Onions can also lower cholesterol and blood pressure, and have the effect of reducing blood viscosity, which is quite similar to aspirin.
Six, fish oil
EPA contained in omega-3 in fish oil is called "vascular scavenger", and its function is: 1, the main component of prostaglandin production.
2. Adjust blood lipids, reduce the concentration of low-density lipoprotein in blood, and increase the concentration of high-density lipoprotein.
3. Anti-platelet aggregation, reduce blood viscosity, enhance the health of circulatory system, prevent thrombosis, improve symptoms such as insufficient blood supply to the brain, dizziness and headache, and prevent cerebral thrombosis and cerebral infarction.
4. Enhance cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health and renal function.
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A complete collection of articles on diet therapy for hyperlipidemia
The food with hyperlipidemia should be kept: low calorie, low cholesterol, low fat, low sugar and high fiber diet.
1. Low calorie:
2. Low-fat and low-cholesterol diet:
1) Bean products:
2) Mushrooms and Auricularia auricula:
3) Onions and garlic: 4) Marine fish:
5) Skim milk and yogurt:
6) tea:
7) High fiber diet:
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Dietary details of hyperlipidemia
The general principles of diet conditioning are: control total calories, limit fat, lose weight, and urge yourself to use the accumulated fat in the body.
1. Keep the diversity of daily food.
We should increase, not decrease, the types of daily food. Various foods contain different nutrients. Except breast milk, no natural food can provide all the nutrients needed by the human body. The human body needs more than 40 kinds of nutrients every day, and one or several simple foods can't meet the nutritional needs of patients with fatty liver. Therefore, in order to achieve a balanced diet and meet various nutritional needs of the human body, it is necessary to eat a wide range of foods, including cereals, animal foods, vegetables and fruits, bean products, dairy products, oils and fats, etc., in a reasonable proportion.
2. Grain is the basis of daily diet.
With the improvement of living standards, the consumption of animal food has exceeded that of cereals in many big cities in China, which is extremely unfavorable for the prevention of chronic diseases such as fatty liver. Therefore, we should vigorously carry forward the fine tradition of "grain-oriented" China diet and avoid the disadvantages of "meat-oriented" Western diet. Among cereals, we should advocate choosing some coarse grains.
3. Eat animal food in moderation and eat marine fish 2 ~ 3 times a week.
Animal food is a good source of high-quality protein, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals. Reasonable and moderate consumption of animal food will not only lead to chronic diseases such as fatty liver, on the contrary, because the amino acid pattern of animal protein is more suitable for human needs, its lysine content is higher, which is beneficial to supplement the shortage of lysine in cereal protein; At the same time, fish (especially marine fish) contains more unsaturated fatty acids, which plays a unique role in preventing chronic diseases. Therefore, to prevent fatty liver, it is advisable to eat 1 ~ 2 lean meat every day (fat meat and meat oil are prohibited) and fish (especially marine fish) 2 ~ 3 times a week.
4. Eat 2 beans and their products every day.
Soybean lecithin can promote liver fat metabolism and prevent fatty liver from forming. The phytosterol contained in it is not absorbed by human body and can inhibit the absorption of animal cholesterol. Soybean isoflavones also have a certain antioxidant effect, which is necessary for patients with fatty liver. However, because amino acids cannot be stored in the body, there is no practical benefit from excessive intake of soy products. It is advisable to eat about 2 liang of bean products every day.
5. Eat 1 kg of vegetables and 2 fruits every day.
Vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and natural antioxidants. It is suggested that red, yellow and dark green vegetables and fruits should be selected under the guidance of the principle of food diversification, because they are important sources of carotene, vitamin B2 and vitamin C. In order to prevent hyperlipidemia, 500 grams of fruit (dinner) and 2 fruits (dinner) should be eaten every day. It should be noted that fruit is generally eaten as a supplementary meal, that is, in the middle of two main meals (such as 10 am or 3 pm), it is not recommended to eat fruit immediately before or after meals, so as to avoid overloading the pancreas by ingesting too many carbohydrates at one time.
Control energy intake
The heat supply of fatty liver patients should not be too high. Patients with fatty liver who engage in mild activities should be given 30 ~ 35 kcal/kg daily to prevent obesity and aggravate fat accumulation. For obese or overweight people, 20 ~ 25 kcal/kg per day to control or reduce weight.
7. Appropriately increase the intake of protein.
High protein diet (1.5 ~ 1.8g/kg) can be adopted to avoid protein consumption in vivo, which is beneficial to the repair and regeneration of hepatocytes. It is important to keep the balance of amino acids. Methionine, cystine, tryptophan, threonine and lysine in protein have anti-fatty liver effects.
8. Eat less sugar and sweets
Too much sugar can be converted into fat, leading to obesity and promoting the formation of fatty liver. Carbohydrates should be mainly cereals, without refined sugar, honey, fruit juice, jam, preserves and other sweets and desserts.
9. Control fat and cholesterol
Vegetable oil contains no cholesterol, and sitosterol or stigmasterol and essential fatty acids have good lipid-lowering effect, which can prevent or eliminate fatty degeneration of liver cells and is beneficial to fatty liver. For patients with fatty liver, the total amount of food and edible oil supplied throughout the day should not exceed 40 grams, and foods with high cholesterol should be controlled in moderation.
10. Daily dietary fiber supplement
The diet should be thick and thin to ensure adequate dietary fiber. Increasing the supply of vitamins and minerals can supplement the deficiency of liver disease, which is conducive to the elimination of metabolic waste and has a good effect on regulating blood lipid and blood sugar levels.
Coarse grains such as oats and buckwheat should be added to the daily diet, as well as foods rich in dietary fiber such as kelp, konjac and fresh vegetables.
Suggestion: Choose whole grains and whole grains for breakfast; Use some coarse grains instead of fine rice flour, but the coarse grains should not be more than the total; Bean foods, such as red beans and mung beans, can be added to the daily diet; You must eat vegetables every day, especially the leaves and stems of vegetables.
It should be noted that dietary fiber is not "the more the better". Excessive intake may cause abdominal distension and indigestion, may also affect the absorption of calcium, iron, zinc and other elements, and may also reduce the digestion and absorption rate of protein. Especially for patients with fatty liver, patients with weakened gastrointestinal function, patients with enteritis and intestinal surgery, and patients prone to hypoglycemia. , pay more attention. In addition, if you suddenly switch from a low-fiber diet to a high-fiber diet in a short time, it may lead to a series of digestive tract intolerance reactions, such as flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain and so on. Therefore, we should pay attention to increasing dietary fiber step by step and drink more water at the same time.
1 1. Use olive oil and royal rice oil appropriately.
The content of monounsaturated fatty acids in olive oil is as high as 80%, and it also contains squalene, sitosterol, provitamin A and vitamin E which are beneficial to cardiovascular health. This makes olive oil have a strong ability to resist oxidation and prevent cardiovascular diseases. In some Mediterranean countries that consume a lot of olive oil, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is much lower than other European countries. In addition, the latest research shows that regular consumption of olive oil can also prevent calcium loss, prevent gallstones and hypertension, reduce the incidence of cancer, and reduce gastric acid and blood sugar. Therefore, olive oil is well-deserved as a "green and healthy edible oil".
For patients with fatty liver, appropriate amount of olive oil can be used to reduce blood lipid, thus preventing the occurrence or aggravation of fatty liver to some extent.
12. Don't drink
Alcohol does more harm than good to human body. First of all, alcohol contains high heat energy, and 1 g alcohol can produce 7 kilocalories, which is an important dietary factor leading to obesity. Secondly, drinking alcohol will lead to loss of appetite, affect normal eating, and cause various nutritional deficiencies. Also, the biggest harm of alcohol is to damage the liver, leading to fatty liver, and even alcoholic cirrhosis in severe cases. In addition, long-term drinking may also increase blood lipid levels and arteriosclerosis; Increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Increase the risk of hypertension, stroke, etc. Methanol, a toxic component in liquor, will directly damage your peripheral nerves and lead to various nervous system diseases. Therefore, for patients with fatty liver, alcohol must be banned.