The Three Cases of South Crossing in Hong Guang Dynasty, namely, the Case of the Great Compassion Monk, the Case of the Tong Fei and the Case of the Prince from the North. Among the characters in these three cases, the "Great Sorrow Case" is that the monk impersonates the Prince of the Ming Dynasty, while the "Tong Fei" and "Prince" have been proved to be 1% fake at that time and later.

Strangely, at that time and in later generations, many people believed that "a child princess" and "a prince" were "real people". Many literary works in modern times, as well as TV and drama, all exaggerate the phenomenon that Lu Fei can't help but catch fire, which has existed in nature for a long time. Volcano erupts and there is fire; When thunder and lightning strike, the forest will also catch fire. But primitive people began to see fire, and instead of using it, they were scared to death. Later, I occasionally picked up a wild animal that was killed by fire and tasted it. It tasted delicious. After many experiments, people gradually learned to eat with fire, and tried to keep the fire alive all the year round. Fly into a rage

Hewen Liu Yougen: "Where are the flowers? What about those flowers you have cultivated? " The pity of "Tong Fei" and the innocence of "Prince" denounced the * * * of Emperor Hongguang and Ma Shiying.

As far as history is concerned, the "protagonists" in the three cases are really fake. Coincidentally, both of them lived in the Hong Guang Dynasty, where their life span was only one year. It's really strange in troubled times, which makes people feel ridiculous when they read it now.

Let's talk about the case of a dog mourning a monk. At the end of this year when Emperor Hongguang ascended the throne, a bald monk appeared in Nanjing in the middle of the night, suddenly knocking at the door of Hongwumen, shouting that he claimed to be Prince Daming, which alarmed many people.

The gatekeepers dare not neglect, so they immediately arrest the fat monk and lock him up. After reporting it to Emperor Hongguang, the emperor was very surprised and immediately sent someone to examine it severely.

The monk was incoherent. Suddenly he claimed that he was Emperor Chongzhen, and immediately he got a big board. After the monk whined, he suddenly changed his mouth, saying that he was the "King of Qi", the "King of Wu" and the "King of Ding" for a while.

When all kinds of severe punishments are exhausted, the monk can't stand it, so he has to tell the truth: "My real name is Great Sorrow. I am a monk in Suzhou. Seeing the chaos in the world, I want to take the opportunity to get rich."

With so many ways to get rich, the Great Compassion monk has to take such a dangerous "shortcut", and even if he doesn't know who the royal genealogy is, he dares to knock at the palace gate at night. It's really a timid person. Ruan Dacheng was very excited to hear about it, and wanted to climb the Donglin Party who had sinned himself through this case. The old boy can write quickly, and within a few days, he made a ranking of the people involved. In order to be more visual, he created "eighteen arhats" and "fifty-three ginseng", one by one, in which Luo Zhi, a member of Donglin Party, was serious and vivid, but it was completely "literary creation".

Fortunately, Ma Shiying didn't want any trouble, and was not interested in Da Yu. He took the initiative to suppress the case and only killed the Great Compassion monk for the crime of "speaking evil words".

Tong Fei case

Push down the gourd and lift the gourd. The "Great Compassion Case" was under trial. Yue Qijie, the governor of Henan Province, reported that there was a local woman who claimed to be the concubine of Emperor Hongguang when he was the "King of Dechang". It is said that she was separated from the sovereign in the war at the end of the Ming Dynasty and has now sent heavy troops to escort her into Nanjing. "Now I don't believe this." The old man looked at Zhuge Liang and said, "I think you are a clever boy. I want to teach you to become a useful person before I can cure your dumb illness and accept you as an apprentice. A few years ago, you were smart and diligent. Master, I painstakingly taught you not to feel bitter. Now you have changed from diligence to laziness, even though you are clever, it is in vain! He also said that he didn't live up to my painstaking efforts. Can I believe it? "

Originally, I wanted to please the emperor. Unexpectedly, Emperor Hongguang, a big fat man, immediately became angry and said, "I don't have such a child princess!" Kick the console table over with one foot. As a result, on the first day of March in the second year of Hong Guang, "Tong Fei" just entered Nanjing, and was immediately arrested and put into prison, where she was severely interrogated.

Soon after, the Royal Guards sent a confession to Emperor Hongguang, saying,

"My concubine is thirty-six years old and seventeen years old, and she was conferred the title of Cao Neijian. There are Huang in the East Palace and Li in the West Palace. Li gave birth to brother Yu, but I don't know where the chaos is. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, my concubine gave birth to a son named Brother Jin, who is now in Ningjiazhuang. "

At the sight of this confession, Emperor Hongguang became angry: "I used to be just a sovereign, so why do I have the East Palace and the West Palace?" The names of the two concubines are not bad. One died of illness, and the other committed suicide during the mutiny. This' child princess', even if there is such a thing, how can the county king marry a concubine? "

In his anger, Zhu Yousong wrote fiercely on the case file, which can be said to be the most virtuous daughter-in-law he has recognized since he became emperor for a year! "A document really approved.

It is conceivable that "Tong Fei" must be a 25-year-old theater fan who has seen the world. She may have met a maid in Fu Wangfu during the war, and she knows "12,". "Some things in the Fu Wang Fan mansion, and then give full play to the imagination, self-editing. Moreover, this "child goddess" is completely a player's demeanor. On the way from Henan to Nanjing, she always claimed to be the "queen". As long as the offerings are slightly thinner in the counties and places where she passes, she will immediately swear and even lift the table, which is completely the true nature of the city's wild bitch. Sometimes, when I see an official who flatters me kneeling on the left side of the road to greet me, the "Children's Goddess" will definitely lift the curtain of the sedan chair to reveal a big pink face and shout: "No ceremony!" Often scary, "the listener laughs." Although her manners are frivolous, this woman is a "literary young woman". In prison, she wrote a story that made a busybody cry. Judging from this confession recorded in the Book of Fire, there are many mistakes and loopholes.

I didn't want to eat at noon in the mountains, so I served wine to my husband. Lonely life, turned into a maid, named lady white snake and Xiaoqing 'er, came to the bustling and splendid West Lake to find a free and happy life on earth. It spread like a raging fire, and even Ma Shiying told people privately: "Who dares to call your majesty's princess unless you feel deeply!"

As for Donglin Party members, they firmly believe that Emperor Hongguang is a wife who hates dross, likes the new and hates the old, and makes a lot of noise about it, which caused a flood this summer, so that the family had to go to escape the disaster. The so-called singing is also a kind of begging. Every time I get home, I call my aunt and uncle, and then I sing, and the host will take out dry food to send. Conveniently pulling Hu, the child Kangxi has high requirements for drinking water. Generally, water should be heated and boiled, and distilled water should be taken for drinking. Whenever it rains cats and dogs or floods break out in summer, he never drinks river water. He thinks that drinking river water at this time is easy to get sick, because floods can easily wash away harmful minerals, feces and even corrupt animal carcasses on the surface and mix them with river water, which is of course very unhealthy. The children sang a ditty, walked the streets and sang village after village. In the first month of this year, they came to Weifang. Public opinion.

Emperor Hongguang is angry, and he is anxious and angry. He is anxious for such a bizarre "marriage", and he is angry that the witch is so bold and dares to risk her "other half". In a rage, he ordered the Royal Guards not to feed the "Tong Fei" and starved the "Empress" to death.

I came here for "luxurious food". As a result, I met the "Royal Guards", who ate air food, and the young women in literature and female opera fans finally died inside the high wall.

prince beilai case

among the three cases of nandu, the most influential case is prince beilai case or prince nandu case.

About the same time as the "Great Compassion Monk Case" happened, that is, at the end of 1644, there was a servant named Mu Hu in Gaomengji of crack temple. He fled from the north and was on his way to Nanjing. On the way, he met a young man and they walked together. When staying at night, Mu Hu suddenly found that the young man's underwear was woven with dragon patterns. He was shocked and asked. The young man replied, "I am the crown prince!" "

Mu Hu was careful to curry favor with the young people all the way, and took good care of them on the way to the south. In the spring of the following year, Mu Hu went to Nanjing and immediately told his master about the situation. When Gao Mengji heard this, his brain became hot. He immediately informed Emperor Hongguang and sent someone to send the "Prince" to Suzhou and Hangzhou, half under protection and half under house arrest. I don't know how to restrain myself. I flaunt around, and the Lantern Festival will be held in the crowd, and I will watch the lantern sighing for fear that people around me will not know that he is "Prince Chongzhen".

Emperor Hongguang was very nervous. He immediately wrote to the "Prince" personally to let him see him in Nanjing, and sent eunuch Li Jizhou to send someone to frighten the young man from Jinhua to take Zheng Chuncheng. He immediately stood up and knelt on the ground: "Your Excellency must not. I'm just an entertainer, how can I be a head catcher? " Entering Beijing.

unofficial history Zai, Li Jizhou and Yang Jinchao, two officials (both old people who served the Prince in the East Palace), immediately hugged the Prince's feet and cried as if the Prince was real. According to the author's reflection, it is estimated that Li and Yang Er are fascinated by the interests, and feel that Emperor Hongguang himself has written a letter to this young man, and he has recognized the false as true, so they should not be behind others.

"Prince" saw that two eunuchs regarded themselves as "authentic" and there was a letter from Emperor Hongguang, and his self-confidence soared. He asked the two officials, "Did your generation welcome me to Nanjing to sit with me as emperor?"

The two officials' eyes are blurred, and they are scared when they hear the question of "Prince". Eunuchs are all child prodigies. Seeing that there are many guards around them, they can't be careless in their answers. They knelt down and said, "I don't know about this."

However, it has been reported that Li Jizhou and Yang Jinchao, two old people in the East Palace, worshipped and cried for the "Prince". When passing through Hangzhou, the governor of the city and the civil and military officials of Hecheng all came forward to pay their respects, and there was a great uproar. The people in the south of the Yangtze River jumped for joy, and all told them that the Prince had escaped from the world and returned to Nanjing.

Emperor Hongguang was so angry that the two Buddhas ascended to heaven. He immediately sent someone to secretly arrest Li and Yang, put boards, clips and ropes on them, and beat the two "extras" alive. Unexpectedly, in this way, giving people a handle makes it even more obvious that Emperor Hongguang is suspected of killing people.

The people of Donglin Party and Fushe Branch finally grasped the handle, fanned the flames everywhere, and created public opinion. When studying the history of the Southern Ming Dynasty, later generations often read the works of "gentlemen" such as Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi as the history of faith. They not only mistakenly believe that "Prince Beilai" is true, but also firmly believe that "Tong Fei" is the original match of Emperor Hongguang. In fact, Huang Zongxi went even further at that time, writing "Big girl, don't lift the city god! "Go home while you can. I'll ask Xiang to accompany you." Among them, he even insinuated that Emperor Hongguang himself was a fake, and even the Queen Mother Zou, the first mother of Emperor Hongguang who came from Henan, became a fake in his works.

Later, several Dong Niu Geng became angry and scolded, "If you don't want to leave, you can kill yourself in the inn. If you don't want to die, just go. " But Wei Heshou still didn't make any noise, so Niu Geng had to ask the chief to pull him out. The officials went in to see it, and immediately shouted in a panic, "No, Wei Heshou has escaped." Niu Geng was taken aback and went into the room to see that Wei Heshou had disappeared. This room is not big, there are several sacks of beans on the ground, as well as pressed vegetable cakes and two vats of rapeseed oil. Lin, a literary friend, made a big fuss in the future, writing "Memoirs" and "biographies", which greatly echoed and disturbed the audio-visual ―― all for one purpose: Ma Shiying's traitors played tricks on power, making false trees true, and Hongguang's throne was not right. Ma Shiying's traitors and Emperor Hongguang's lewdness are all good, but Emperor Hongguang himself is really Fu Wang's integrity, and the sequence of ethics should also be established. Huang Zongxi and others' fabricated facts are completely the opinions of the party members, and they are completely literati's pen and ink to vent their revenge and personal grievances.

Because of the instigation of Donglin Party members, Nanjing people were all outraged. They hated Ma Shiying and others for their autocratic greed. Now, a "prince" has been imprisoned in Beijing, and the people finally found an outlet and publicly shouted that they would "avenge" the prince.

In the face of numerous discussions, Emperor Hongguang dared not neglect him. He repeatedly told those in charge of imperial edicts not to use torture on "Prince", and asked people to take out the style map of Beijing Palace and call it "Prince" for identification.

At that time, this young man was very clever. He probably made some preparations in advance and could even point out the location of the Queen and the East Palace. At the beginning of March, all the officials came together, and he also recognized who was the former official arch of the Prince's East Palace.

However, when Hong Guang, who had personally taught the prince to study for three years, appeared in front of Wang Duo, the fake prince immediately showed his true colors.

First of all, the real Prince Chongzhen has a heavy eyebrows, a high voice and a thick back, and he has the style of Chu Jun. However, this fake prince, with red lips and white teeth, is handsome and clever, and at first glance he is a genius.

So, Wang Duo knew at a glance that this person was a fake, so he stepped forward and asked, "Do you know me?"

The "fake prince" didn't know who this grandfather was, so he instinctively replied, "No."

"where did you receive the minister's lecture?" Wang Duo asked.

"Prince" thought for a moment: "Wenhua Hall." (Actually, it should be Duanjing Hall)

Wang Duo asked, "What are the things on top of the case?"

"Prince" was puzzled and couldn't answer. Details like that can't be compiled now.

After a series of questioning, the "Prince" stayed on the spot in a sweat.

Wang Duo knew it was a fake, so he drank around the Royal Guards and tied this young man up.

During this ordeal, the young man suddenly knelt down and burst into tears. He confessed, "My name is Wang Zhiming, and I am the nephew of Wang Fan, a captain of Xu. On my way to the south, I met Mu Hu, who instigated me to pretend to be a prince. I originally wanted to extort some money from officials in various places. ..... "

So, the truth comes out. The servant of Gao Mengji's family is cunning (it is not excluded that Gao Mengji himself wants to have a fake prince in Fujian and claim to be the emperor in Huashan later. Zhu Zifeng asked the local people about the early death of Zhang Xiucai's parents, who were brought up by his uncle and aunt. It is rare that Zhang Xiucai's articles are well written, and people are handsome and have a childlike heart. In a few months, Zhang Xiucai will take part in the autumn test, and he will pack his bags and prepare to go to Beijing to catch up. Place, just prepared some ropes, climb up to the dangerous place; But when I walked under a big tree, I got an arrow. Zhu Zifeng endured the pain. Seeing that Shun Di went to the big Sangtang village next to the small Sangtang village, he came to the old man's house. I saw that the old man was silent and the old woman was blind. Shun Di asked the old man even more sadly, "How come no one has taken care of us?" Where are your children? "Two old listen to, then career. A figure in the distance. The figure shot arrows again, but Zhu Zifeng avoided them. But it was found that the shoulder was getting more and more painful and the wound became black. Possibility), it is likely that Wang Zhiming has seen the world. At first, he just wanted to pretend to be a prince to cheat money, but the more he played, the more people got involved.

Even so, Emperor Hongguang didn't immediately send someone to kill Wang Zhiming, and said the following heartfelt words to his courtiers:

"The first emperor (Emperor Chongzhen) and I didn't hate each other at first, so I didn't kill his blood because of coveting the world! But in the world of Mao, you can't be confused by urchins with different surnames! "

more than two months later, before Nanjing was captured by the Qing army, a group of rioters went to prison and hijacked the "fake prince", dressed him in a costume as a dragon robe and "ascended the throne". Finally, Zhao Zhilong, a minister of the Ming Dynasty, was forced to surrender to the Qing army with the "fake prince".

After Emperor Hongguang was captured, Duo Duo deliberately held a banquet to let the pseudo-prince sit on the head of Emperor Hongguang, and asked, "How can you bear it if Prince Chongzhen comes from a refugee and you give up your seat and put him in prison?"

Hong Guang bowed his head and did not answer.

dourgen and Duo Duo, the powerful officials of the great Qing court, are by no means simple warriors who are good at killing and fighting. They are all people who are scheming and taking risks. Prince Chongzhen in Beijing is real, and they call it fake and kill it; The prince of Nanjing was a fake, but they claimed it was real in public, made a "prop" and took it to Beijing to kill it secretly. True or false, according to the current situation