Characteristics of the model: selecting good seeds, deep loosening and land preparation, narrow ridge cultivation, reasonable and dense planting, soil testing and fertilization, and water-saving irrigation.
Purple potato cultivation
1, choose the land Select loose soil, good drainage, deep turning foundation of the plot. Avoid black potatoes, sugar beets, radishes, cabbage, watermelon heavy crop and the previous application of long residual herbicide plots.
2, land preparation Deep-turned 25 ~ 30 cm, voltaic turn over after harrowing importance of the ridge suppression or not, to reach the state of sowing.
3, pre-sowing preparation (1) varieties and seed potato selection. Select disease resistance, high quality, high yield, strong resistance, suitable for local cultivation conditions, good commercialization of various types of special varieties.
(2) Sprouting. 15 ~ 30 days before sowing will be refrigerated or by physical and chemical methods to artificially lift the dormant seed potatoes placed in 15 ~ 20 ℃, the darkness of the flat 2 ~ 3 layers for germination. When the buds grow to 0.5 ~ 1 cm, the seed potato is gradually exposed to diffused light to strengthen the buds, turning every 5 days. Avoid direct sunlight, rain and frost during germination.
(3) Preparation before cutting. Calculate the amount of seed potato. Before cutting, it is better to prepare the same specification cutting knife, sterilized mat board and disinfectant (such as bleach, every 20 hectares of plot needs about 50 kg of bleach, bleach: water = 1:100). Cutting principle, cut block of uniform size, generally in 40-50 grams; cutting method, 35-60 grams of seed potatoes for whole potato cultivation; 70-120 grams cut a cut, each block for a cut; 100-240 grams cut two cuts, cut block for one, two cuts; 210-480 grams need to cut three cuts, four cuts, cuts for two, three, four, cut blocks are processed after cutting. Cut tubers are mixed with a coating agent or fungicide (e.g., metribuzin, carbendazim, kelu, ankimanganese zinc, mefenamic acid, etc.) (540-600 g/ton of tubers) plus gypsum powder (12-15 kg/ton of tubers), and then stored in suitable conditions (10-12.5 ℃, high humidity, well ventilated) for 2-3 days, the potato pile should not exceed 1.5 m, to ensure that the cut pieces are not exposed to the dry sunshine Under the sun.
4, sowing (1) sowing time. When the soil depth of 15 centimeters, the ground temperature to maintain more than 7 ℃ duration of 3 days, can be sown.
(2) sowing depth. Sowing depth is 6 to 10 centimeters (from the upper part of the tuber to the surface plane).
(3) Row spacing and plant spacing. Row spacing is 65 to 70 centimeters and plant spacing is 20 to 26 centimeters.
5, fertilization Adhere to the soil fertilization. According to soil fertility, determine the appropriate amount of fertilizer and fertilization methods. More than 70% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be basal application. Farmer's fertilizer and chemical fertilizer mixed application, advocating the application of farmyard manure. Farmer's fertilizer combined with ploughing and tilling of the ground application, and the plough layer is fully mixed, chemical fertilizer as seed fertilizer, sowing furrow application. Appropriate supplementation of medium and trace elements. Each production of 1000 kg of black potatoes need fertilizer: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 5 to 6 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 1 to 3 kg, potash (K2O) 12 to 13 kg.
6, field management (1) plow weeding. After the seedling is flush, timely plowing and weeding, and the last plowing and weeding before sealing the ridge.
(2) Fertilizer. Depending on the seedling situation, timely fertilization. Fertilizer method can be ditch, point or foliar spraying, timely irrigation or spray water after application.
(3)Cultivate the soil. Generally combined with the plow weeding soil 2 to 3 times. The first shallow soil cultivation after the first seedlings, high soil cultivation during the bud stage, the last soil cultivation before sealing the ridge, cultivated into a wide and high ridge.
(4) irrigation and drainage. Throughout the growing period soil field water holding capacity is maintained at 60 to 80%. Seedling should not be irrigated before, tuber formation period timely and appropriate amount of watering, tuber expansion period can not lack of water. Avoid heavy watering when watering. In areas or seasons with more rain, timely drainage, the field can not have stagnant water. Stop watering 7 to 10 days before harvest.
7, pest control (1) disease control. Pre-control of filamentous ulcers, early blight, mid-late prevention of late blight and so on. Pay attention to field monitoring, when the field humidity, temperature between 10 to 25 ℃, keep 48 hours, pay attention to the occurrence of late blight, found in the center of the diseased plant, immediately pull out, with closed containers to take the diseased plant out of the ground and buried y, to be sprayed around the diseased plant 3 meters.
Late blight should adhere to the prevention of the main original, before the late blight occurs, the use of Chlorothalonil, Dasheng protection agent for prevention, when late blight occurs should be used alternately with Anchor Manganese Zinc, Kelu, kill alum, and other systemic killers.
(2) Control of pests. Apply Silex and Lexapro insecticides when sowing to prevent underground pests. Check the field flea beetle and tsubaki weevil when the seedlings emerge, once found, immediately spray high-performance deltamethrin, kungfu, field insecticide class of insecticides. early July attention to the prevention of aphids and grass borers, after the occurrence of the alternating spraying of aktivirus, anti-budweed, kungfu, high-performance deltamethrin. mid- and late-August, plus the application of aktivirus. end of August and early September, the occurrence of the nocturnal moth pests, sprayed immediately with Wanling or Ampacid.
8, harvesting Timely harvesting, harvesting before if the plant is not naturally dead, can be about 10 days in advance to kill seedlings. After harvesting, the tubers avoid exposure to sun, rain, frost and long exposure to the sun and become green. China Organic Agriculture Network