Lotus root is grown in various parts of my country, but the Yangtze River Basin and Huanghuai Basin have the largest cultivation area. Lotus root is a pollution-free vegetable with no pollution or pesticide residue. The plant growth cycle is short, and it only takes about 100-110 days from planting to harvest. The cultivation of lotus root is very simple, takes less time, has high yield and significant economic benefits. Therefore, it is crucial for farmers to learn to grow lotus roots.

1. The propagation method of lotus root

1. Lotus seed propagation

We must first break the concave end of the fruit shell and soak it in 26-30 Germination is carried out in high temperature water. After the buds grow, continue to be soaked in water to prevent dehydration and shrinkage. When the seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 whip, they can be planted in the field. Using the lotus seed propagation method, the initial growth is relatively slow, and seedlings must be raised in a protected area one month in advance to ensure that lotus roots with commercial value will be formed that year.

2. Whole lotus root reproduction

Whole lotus roots mainly include main lotus root, sub-lotus root and sun lotus root. When planting, plant the whole lotus roots at a certain distance between the rows. When planting, we should pay attention to insert the top of the whole lotus root diagonally into the mud, and the tail tip is slightly exposed from the mud surface, which is helpful for the lotus root to take root and survive.

3. Propagation of sub-lotus roots

Sub-lotus roots are side branches of the main lotus root branches, usually with 1-4 nodes. The closer to the top of the main lotus root, the fewer the number of sub-lotus nodes, and the closer to the tip, the more number of sub-lotus nodes. Regardless of the number of sub-lotus nodes, they can be cut off individually and used as seed lotus roots for propagation.

4. Lotus root propagation

We can generally cut off the first node from the top of the main lotus root or sub-lotus root as seed lotus root, but the terminal bud of the lotus root head must not be damaged.

5. Lotus node propagation

This method uses the axillary buds on the lotus nodes for propagation. Generally, a 5-6 cm long section is cut from the lotus node as a seed. lotus root.

6. Terminal bud propagation

Terminal bud propagation is to cut off the buds from the top of the main lotus root or sub-lotus root together with the basal node, and insert them in a soft soil seedbed in time for cultivation. When cutting, if the temperature is low, it needs to be covered with plastic film. Lotus roots can be planted only after adventitious roots have grown on the basal nodes of the terminal buds, 2-3 small leaves have grown on the top, and the ambient temperature has stabilized above 15 degrees. When planting, we need to bury the adventitious roots and lotus roots in the mud, and the leaflets need to be exposed to the water. After transplanting, we should pay attention to shallow water irrigation to increase the mud temperature and promote the early growth of lotus roots.

2. High-yielding planting technology of lotus root

1. Land selection and preparation

Before planting lotus root, the lotus root field should be irrigated and leveled, and combined with cultivated land application When adding base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is usually applied 15 days before planting. When planting lotus roots in spring, more base fertilizer needs to be applied. One acre of lotus root field needs to be applied with 2000-2500 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure, 40-50 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer, and 20-25 kilograms of potassium sulfate. If it is planted in autumn, less base fertilizer can be applied. Apply 1,000-2,000 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure, 15-20 kilograms of compound fertilizer, and 10-15 kilograms of potassium sulfate per acre of land. Three days before planting, we should disinfect the lotus root field with quicklime. Apply 40-50 kilograms per acre, spread it evenly, and then rake it flat, which can disinfect the lotus root field. In continuous-cropping lotus root fields, 50-60 kilograms of quicklime powder should be applied to one acre of land before lotus roots are planted in spring. After this, plow deeply to 20-30 cm and rake finely to level it. Rake again within 1-2 days before planting, keep the water depth at 3-5 cm, and remove all weeds on the edge of the field.

2. Variety selection

According to the local market’s needs, uses and planting environment for lotus root, lotus root is generally divided into field lotus root, pond lotus root, lotus root, pink lotus root, etc. Field lotus root is suitable for planting in shallow water areas and is relatively shallow in the soil. It is a lotus root variety that people particularly like to eat.

When selecting lotus root seeds, you should choose lotus root seeds that have the obvious characteristics of this variety, with smooth cortex, fully mature, thick back joints, full lotus root buds, and basically consistent directions of the sub-lotus roots. In rural areas, there is such a formula: big webs - three pairs - one straight up.

The large webs are thick and raised bud sheaths, the three pairs are the complete lotus body with three segments, one is straight up and the lotus buds are slightly upturned in one direction.

3. Timely planting

The planting time of lotus root is generally in late March every year. If planted too early, the low soil temperature will be unfavorable for germination and the lotus seeds will rot easily; if planted too late, the stem buds will be longer and easily damaged. The planting density of lotus root is 2 meters between rows and 1.5 meters between holes. The amount of seeds per acre of land is 125-200 kilograms. The general planting depth of lotus roots is 10-15 cm. After planting, cover with 10 cm of soil in time to facilitate rooting. When planting lotus roots, the lotus root heads around the field ridges should face into the field. After the planting is completed, we need to conduct field inspections frequently. If floating seedlings are found, they need to be replanted.

4. Reasonable top dressing

For lotus root fields, in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, top dressing should be done in small amounts and multiple times during the growth period. When each lotus root plant grows 2-3 new standing leaves, top dressing should be started in time, mainly with quick-acting fertilizer. Use 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate for each mu of lotus root field; the second fertilization time is generally It should be carried out 15-20 days after the first fertilization. Apply 15 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate to each acre of land, plus 5-10 kilograms of urea; the third fertilization should be done when the field lotus leaves are basically full and start to mature. During the lotus root season, it is appropriate to heavily apply potassium fertilizer to promote the expansion of the lotus roots. Apply 15-20 kg of urea and potassium chloride per mu of lotus root field, and apply again every 15 days or so. The application amount remains consistent. Before each top dressing, we need to put a shallow water level, and fertilizer must not be spread on the leaves. If sprinkled, pour water immediately to avoid burning the leaves. For the last two times of fertilizing lotus roots, we should be particularly careful and try to avoid stepping on the newly formed small lotus roots and lotus whips to avoid affecting the total yield of lotus roots.

5. Scientific management of water

The growth and development of lotus roots mainly include three growth periods: the budding growth period, the vigorous growth period and the lotus root-bearing period. The budding growth period is the stage from planting the lotus root to the appearance of standing leaves: the water level is required to be shallow to facilitate the rise of soil temperature, early germination, and promote early leaf setting of the plant; the vigorous growth period generally starts from the standing leaves Until the leaves appear after they appear: the stems and leaves grow quickly and require a lot of fertilizer, and the water level should be deep to facilitate the growth of the lotus leaves; the lotus root stage is from the time of full flowering until the new lotus roots gradually become full and oblong: the new lotus roots are full and require If there is more fertilizer, the water level should be lowered to facilitate the continuous enrichment of new lotus roots. Therefore, we should master the principle of "shallow-deep-shallow" in pipe water. From planting to the time when the standing leaves appear, we should maintain 3-6 cm of shallow water; after the standing leaves appear, the water surface rises to 16-19 cm. In July-August every year, it needs to be deepened to 26-30 cm. After the terminal leaves appear, the water level drops to 3-6 cm.

6. Adjust the plants

In early to mid-May every year, in order to ensure that the lotus roots are evenly distributed in the field, the growth direction of the lotus roots should be adjusted in time, and the lotus whips close to the field ridges should be directed into the field. , when turning the head, we need to drag the lotus root tips together with the soil, and then press them with soil, and perform multiple operations. Turning the head should generally be done at noon. In addition, we should try to adjust the overly dense lotus roots to a sparse place. After 30 days of planting, when the field is full of lotus leaves, we should remove the floating lotus leaves to effectively reduce nutrient consumption.

7. Cultivating and weeding

Before closing the rows of lotus leaves in the lotus root field, we should combine fertilization with timely pulling out weeds and then stuff them into the mud as fertilizer. At the same time, the purpose of cultivating and loosening the soil is also achieved. About one month after planting, the floating leaves gradually wither and need to be removed in time during cultivating and weeding to allow sunlight to penetrate into the water, which can effectively increase the soil temperature. After the lotus leaves in the lotus root field are lush and closed, it is not suitable to work in the field to avoid bruising the lotus root body.

3. Prevention and control of common diseases and insect pests of lotus root

1. Agricultural control

In order to avoid diseases, we first select high-quality early-maturing varieties with high disease resistance and implement them reasonably Crop rotation and stubble rotation, using flood-drought rotation, generally need to select disease-free fields as reserved seed fields and plant disease-free lotus roots. In addition, we must clean our fields in time and strengthen weeding to effectively reduce the sources of diseases and insect pests.

2. Physical control

For insect pests in lotus root fields, we usually manually remove Spodoptera litura egg masses and leaves where larvae are concentrated, and use frequency vibration insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adult insects. Set up yellow boards to trap winged aphids, etc.

3. Biological control

For lotus root diseases and insect pests, we should use agricultural streptomycin, neophytomycin, Bacillus thuringiensis preparations and other biological pesticides for control, and the effect is excellent.

4. Chemical control

The main diseases of lotus root are rot disease and brown spot. For the rot disease of lotus roots, we can soak the lotus roots with 500-1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder 50 times or 600-1000 times of thiophanate 75 methyl wettable powder before planting; in the early stage of the disease, we can use Mix 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 75thiophanate methyl wettable powder with fine soil and spread it in the lotus root field for control. When lotus root brown spot occurs, it is recommended to use 1000-1500 times of 75 thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 600-800 times of 75 chlorothalonil wettable powder for spray control. It is best to use the agents alternately and continuously. 2-3 times, 10-15 days apart each time.

The main insect pests of lotus roots are aphids and Spodoptera litura. Aphids generally cause damage in the early stages of growth. You can use 10 imidacloprid wettable powder 1000-2000 times liquid or 2.5 deltamethrin EC 1000-1500 times liquid for control. Spodoptera litura is generally harmful in the later stages of growth. You can use 1500-2000 times of acetamiprid EC or Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder, and spray 800 kilograms of liquid per acre of land for control.

Conclusion: Lotus root is not only a nutritious vegetable food, but also has high added value. In recent years, the yield of lotus roots has been stagnant, mainly due to unscientific cultivation methods and unreasonable fertilization. Therefore, it is urgent for farmers to learn high-yield cultivation and management techniques of lotus root.

(This article is forwarded)

Edited on 2019-12-24 · Copyright belongs to the author