Reporter (hereinafter referred to as reporter): In 2004, what prompted you to write "Sichuan People's Congress Anti-Japanese War"?
Zheng Guanglu (hereinafter referred to as Zheng): There are two opportunities. First, the editor of a newspaper in Chengdu invited me to write about War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of Sichuan Army. At that time, there were few such articles, and I looked up a lot of information. On July 4th, 2004, on the eve of the 67th anniversary of the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a newspaper in Chengdu published my commemorative article "Sichuan People's Anti-Japanese War", which aroused great repercussions and heated discussions. Sichuan media also published many discussion articles, arguing that Sichuan people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression should become the "city spirit" of Chengdu. All these show that the history of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a Sichuan National People's Congress, was unknown before, and people from all walks of life are eager to know.
Another reason is that a university asked me to give a report on the history of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. I asked college students, "Do you know what contribution Sichuanese made to the war of resistance?" Some people are at a loss, while others smile and say, "What contribution? Pull the able-bodied man, and captain Lu flirt with sister-in-law Ah, there is the crazy commander Hal who sings Sichuan Opera in women's underwear and urinates on the gun head ... "It is not enough for us to just condemn the Japanese government for not facing up to history in textbooks and other issues. Every country has its own plans and ideas for educating future generations. The key is how we educate our future generations. Our predecessors once sang March of the Volunteers, who built the Great Wall with flesh and blood and fought bloody battles. If today's China people don't know the national humiliation and national tragedy, and don't understand the outstanding contributions and tragic sacrifices made by their predecessors, it is not only sad, but even dangerous. We advocate patriotism every day. If a nation forgets its history of resisting aggression so easily, then the so-called "patriotism" is just a slogan. We talk about loving our hometown every day. If even the history of Sichuan, the main base of the largest national war in history, is so easily forgotten, then the so-called "loving our hometown" is even more empty talk.
Reporter: At that time, there was almost no research work on War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a native of Sichuan.
Zheng: I have decided to write a book that comprehensively and systematically introduces the important position and historical achievements of Sichuan's rear area in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. This book is suitable for ordinary readers and teenagers. This book has more than 200,000 words and was published by Sichuan People's Publishing House in February 2005. As a key bibliography commemorating the 60th anniversary of China War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, this book won the 10th "Five One Projects Award" and the 5th "Sichuan Literature Award" in Sichuan Province, which was reprinted by hundreds of publications, newspapers and the Internet, and also became a common reference for many academic papers. On the marble of the Monument to the Soldiers of Sichuan Army killed in the Anti-Japanese War in Chengdu People's Park, there is a description of "A Record of the Anti-Japanese War of Sichuan People's Congress".
Reporter: You spent a lot of time from Sichuan People's Congress Anti-Japanese War to Sichuan Great Anti-Japanese War. ...
Zheng: This 400,000-word Sichuan Anti-Japanese War is not a simple reprint of Sichuan People's Congress Anti-Japanese War. It really took a lot of effort. Many chapters have been rewritten and many precious historical materials and pictures have been added. Sichuan Anti-Japanese War is more rigorous and substantial, and it is superior to Sichuan People's Congress Anti-Japanese War in readability and historical value.
"History of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression" in Precious Historical Materials
Reporter: Sichuan Anti-Japanese War can be said to be the most complete long monograph describing this real history so far.
Zheng: This book has a long historical span (from the eve of the Anti-Japanese War to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, some historical figures have even longer endings); It has a wide range of regions (from the Sichuan army, which fought bloody battles in the anti-Japanese front all over the country, to Sichuan in the rear area); There are many aspects (involving historical figures, events, tragic battlefield scenes in Sichuan before and after the Anti-Japanese War, and even folk customs and historical mysteries) ...
I searched hard, bought a batch of "extra" periodicals about Japanese occupation of China, and also found a book "History of Sichuan Army", which was written according to a large number of first-hand battlefield reports and eyewitness accounts 194 1. It is very real and historic. For example, there have been two theories about Wang's death: "heroic sacrifice" and "suicide". The movie "A bloody battle in Taierzhuang" is said to be suicide. "Historical Records of Sichuan Army Achievements" revealed: "... outnumbered, he died at 3 pm on June 5438+07. The enemy boarded the city from two gaps in the southeast city and fled to the west city. My chief of staff, Zhao, the brigade commanders of two brigades and the head of Wang were all killed. The teacher Wang was shot in the abdomen, and Wang Xuan witnessed the general trend. Cheng Wei is difficult to defend. He was badly hurt. He didn't want to fall into the enemy, so he killed himself with a pistol. On his deathbed, he still shouted:' Fight to the end!' ……"
What is particularly shocking is that this book reveals the tragic feat of ordinary soldiers of the Sichuan Army: after the Japanese army broke the city, hundreds of seriously injured officers and men of the Sichuan Army "did not want to be killed by violent enemies, all of them blew themselves up with grenades", and all of them "died in the face of difficulties" and disappeared into the rumbling explosion smoke. ...
Reporter: At present, the film and television dramas on the theme of the Anti-Japanese War are far from the facts. ...
Zheng: The bloody battle of tengxian led by Wang is the most tragic and glorious page in the history of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China. At present, many anti-Japanese film and television dramas are mostly "divine" plots: tearing devils with bare hands, bombing planes with grenades, climbing over the eaves and killing people with white blades ... War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is a very painful experience in the history of our nation, and obscenity and joking without a bottom line are intolerable. The tragic historical truth revealed in Historical Records of the Sichuan Army is a powerful medicine for these "anti-Japanese films" that are shoddy and entertain the history of suffering.
Reporter: You mentioned "Ballad against the Enemy", a primary school reading in Sichuan during the Republic of China. This is not only extremely rare, but also the most neglected "unpopular" in studying the history of anti-Japanese poetry in Sichuan.
Zheng: The Ballad Against the Enemy was published by Chengdu Experimental Primary School in Sichuan Province, with a total of 29 pages. The cover is marked as "supplementary literature reading". The editors are Li, Lu, Wang and Zhao. They should be school teachers. The publication time is "the first edition in October of the 27th year of the Republic of China" (namely 1938 10), and the price is marked as "net price of three cents". 1 September, 1938, the price of rice in Chengdu was 20 yuan per stone (1stone was about 167 kg), and 0.03 yuan could buy two or two meters for a month, so the price of books was cheap, unlike the sky-high "teaching AIDS" whose main purpose is to make profits now. How touching these songs are: "Back to Hometown": "A tree with nine branches bears grapes and melons. I just want to make a big bomb so that I can send the barbarians back to their hometown. " "Lotus Blossom": "Lotus Blossom, Devils Come. There are many demons, so I called my brother. Come on, devil, I'll call my sister-in-law. My brother and sister-in-law unite to fight the devil and kill the devil as lightly as possible. " Sunshine: "There is sunshine everywhere, and guns in every household are unhealthy. My brother went to war with a gun, and my sister made a uniform with needles. My younger brother and sister are young and sing a song to scold Oriental. " Don't worry, don't take a gun, and have a hoe. Efforts to cultivate and produce, Wan Li Jiangshan will not be lost. "
Sichuan Army Mine War Killed Japanese Lieutenant General
Reporter: You mentioned the important historical fact that Naoko Sakai, a senior Japanese general, was killed by the Sichuan army in the frontal battlefield.
Zheng: Male, 192 1, from Rongchang County, Chongqing. 1937 After July, he studied at Shuhua Middle School in Chengdu, and later he was admitted to Sichuan Army 2 1 Army, where he fought side by side with hundreds of thousands of Sichuan athletes. September 1938, 10 The Sichuan Army defending the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River began to sink and injure Japanese warships on both sides of the Yangtze River in August, making great contributions. The Japanese army carried out a crazy sweep of the Sichuan army. In order to consolidate the artillery position of the Meishanhe Army, Hu, the staff officer of the 23rd Sichuan Army stationed in Qingyang, led Zhang, a trainee staff officer, and a platoon of Independent Engineers 18 Battalion to sneak into the area to lay mines. According to Huang Shiwei's recollection: 1942, in May, Sakai led the 15 division to set out from Nanjing and Xiaoshan and went south along the west bank of the Yangtze River. Sakai once led his troops to "mop up" bestiality, and asked his men to hold a rape contest in China, and named it "Tiger", "Leopard" and "Jackal". ...
Tang Shizun, commander of the 23rd Sichuan Army, strictly ordered: "The situation is critical. Our Sichuan Army 145 Division, 146 Division and 147 Division must give their lives for the country and stop the enemy from committing crimes in the north! " 2 1 Commander Chen of Sichuan Army 146 Division stubbornly blocked Sakai Division in Changshan. 146 division commander Shi urgently ordered: "Order the battalion commander of the Eighth Battalion to lead the engineers to lay mines to kill the enemy!" Huang Shiwei immediately led engineers to set up dozens of coal mining groups.
On may 28th 10: 45, the Japanese army advanced to the fork in the road north of Lanxi1500m. There was a loud bang, and the air rolled and exploded, lifting the wine on horseback into the air! Sakai's horse died on the spot, and Sakai died of excessive blood loss.
Mr Huang Shiwei, who has been living in Chengdu, told me this thrilling story excitedly. He also recited a seven-rhythm poem written to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War: "Japanese Chief Sakai led the arrogant soldiers, and the drums built their own virtue. Rush to Fuchun to drive the tiger to fight, and rush to fight the dragon in Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Bragging about riding in China, I didn't expect to bury Haijing with thunder. The God of Guo Jing has added ghosts, the sun has set and the grass has withered due to famine! "
"Running Alarm" and "Famous Snacks"
Reporter: There are many records of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression among Sichuan people. ...
Zheng: "Running the alarm" has greatly broadened the urban area of Chengdu. For example, in the western suburbs, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, an old man surnamed Huang built a thatched cottage next to a bamboo forest to sell tea, which has long been called "Modianzi" (Xiaochang Town) and is called "tea shop". "Running the alarm" has made the miserable Yaodianzi streets more and more, with shops everywhere, and suddenly "prospered" ... Chengdu garrison headquarters once moved here. Sanwayao, Liulixiang, Shahepu and Longquanyi outside the East Gate, Hongpailou and Congqiao outside the South Gate, Wukuai Stone and Tianhui Town outside the North Gate, etc. , are similar to tea shops. Many snacks in Chengdu were used to satisfy hunger and death during the "Running Alert" and later developed into "famous snacks".
Reporter: "wartime snack bars" opened in various places. There are many kinds of steamed bread, steamed stuffed bun, pot helmet, cold noodles, bean jelly, hot and sour powder, tea eggs and boiled corn, and the prices are definitely high.
Zheng: Mr. Li Yuchuan pointed out that at that time, Zhao Jinshan opened "Dongzikou Zhao Liangfen" near the old Nanmen Bridge, which was very popular. In the area around Wuhou Temple, local farmers are busy cooking and cooking as soon as they hear the alarm, waiting for the arrival of tourists. Rice is sliced with a knife, commonly known as "Fang Ya rice". There is a "Zhangguokui" on South Street, and the business is better: make the guokui before the air raid, and then buy cold lung slices or shredded kohlrabi from Huangchengba. After the alarm sounded, the whole family went out in unison and peddled in the cypress forest area of Wuhou Temple to avoid air strikes and do business. There is also a company selling "alarm" sesame cakes in Caotang Temple and Longzhaoyan, which later developed into the famous "Supoqiao Crispy Sesame Cake". In Guojialinzi, next to Liuxiang cemetery, a Xiajiang man who fled to Sichuan set up a mat shed and sold "alarm" food. He pulled the noodles as thin as hair, cooked them in a hot pot, and then poured three kinds of minced meat, shredded pork, fried sauce, shrimp soup and so on. It can be said to be wartime food. Later, the boss introduced Guo Kui's steamed beef, cold noodles with shredded chicken and braised pork, which became famous for a while. "Anti-Japanese fast food" embodies the indomitable survival spirit of the people in the rear area during the war years and constitutes one of the rich contents of "Anti-Japanese War Culture". (Chengdu, 20 13, May 22nd)
In recent years, Mr. Zheng Guanglu has published many works, such as Old Stories of Sichuan, Old Stories of Chengdu, The Truth of Zhang Tuchuan, The Thunder of the Revolution of 1911-The Historical Truth of the Road Protection Movement in Sichuan. He has devoted himself to the research and writing of history and culture for more than 30 years, focusing on the major historical events in Sichuan that had a great impact on the historical process of China. Because of his rigorous scholarship, well-founded writing and literary appeal, his works are widely welcomed by the reading community.
The author has a good relationship with Zheng Guanglu. Whenever he encounters a textual research problem, he can always solve my troubles by memory or from his rich books and materials. Newspaper editors often ask him for manuscripts, which are often obscure topics and he can always finish them well. He said that these are all out of feelings for local culture. He has a lot of precious materials, because he realized the importance of collecting literature and history materials during the Cultural Revolution, and he even traded his bike for some books on the spot. ...
All kinds of materials are gathered in one room, and then compared, verified, screened and recorded orally, which makes his academic and writing characteristics more and more clear.
He summed up the characteristics of his own scholarship, and there are roughly three points-
First, try to study history from the unique perspective of "grand historical view". The so-called "grand view of history" is to reflect the real history in a long-term, long-distance, multi-angle and panoramic way with awe of history. Insist on restoring history with historical truth, instead of discussing history in an "air-to-air" theory or in a subjective and critical way. Only in this way can we stand the test of history.
Second, strive to make the writings authentic, historic and academic. Adhere to the use of rare first-hand materials (original files, eyewitness memories, newspapers at that time, diplomatic historical materials, etc.). To reproduce history, we should never adopt the usual simple narrative method of "talking about history" to avoid the defect that historical works are thinner than historical facts and more important than comments. While using real historical materials (including historical details that have always been neglected) to restore history, many new academic viewpoints are also expounded according to historical materials. All kinds of historical facts strictly follow the principle of "well-founded, well-founded", and attach notes to the text in strict accordance with the requirements of academic works, indicating the historical basis and data sources. For some controversial historical facts, we should never choose between subjective likes and dislikes, but various theories coexist for readers and researchers to verify and further explore.
Thirdly, in terms of research methods and writing skills, we insist on "unifying rigorous academic research with vivid forms of expression", hoping to objectively, truly, comprehensively and vividly reproduce fresh historical flesh and blood and become a valuable reference book for readers and experts and scholars at home and abroad to understand the historical truth.
These three experiences are precisely the crystallization of Zheng Guanglu's decades of painstaking efforts, and also the key to the success of his new book "Sichuan Anti-Japanese War". This reminds me of Sima Qian's pure writing road of "regardless of literature and history"