China's cultivated pear varieties, mainly belong to the autumn pear, white pear, pear, pear, four systems, types and varieties are very many, the north and south of the pear area, have adapted to the cultivation of each region, different ripening period of the set of varieties. In liaoning, jilin, northern hebei, Gansu Longzhong and hexi corridor and other areas of the main cultivation species autumn pear.
In the north of the Yangtze river basin, until the Great Wall of Hebei and western Liaoning region to the white pear system of varieties. And south of the Yangtze river basin provinces, districts, more distribution of sand pear system varieties. And foreign pear system varieties are mainly distributed in shandong province jiaodong, liaoning province dalian area and the yellow river old road area, cultivation area is very small.
Common pear varieties:
Crown pear: oval fruit, yellow skin, fruit surface clean, small fruit points, no rust spots; small heart, white flesh, delicate, stone cells and residue less, crunchy and juicy, the fruit shape of the circumference, sweet and sour flavor.
2. Duck pear: the fruit is obovate, the top of the duck head-like bulge, so named "duck pear". General duck pear pericarp yellowish green, yellowish after storage. Bag cultivation of yellow-white fruit, also known as crystal duck pear or crystal pear. Duck pear sugar degree is low, sweet and refreshing, to solve the greasy choice it is right. To Hebei Botou, Hebei Jinzhou, Shandong Yangxin's most famous.
3. Autumn moon pear: autumn moon pear is a hybrid pear varieties introduced from Japan, autumn moon pear for the late maturity of the pear, fruit shape flat round, fruit shape index 0.9 or so, fruit size neat, not bag fruit skin slightly greenish brown, yellowish brown after storage, storage period is very long, the flesh milky white, crisp flesh, juicy and sweet, taste crisp and refreshing, stone cell less, after storage, do not taste, the nucleus is small, edible rate of 95% or more edible rate of 95% or more edible rate of 95% or more edible rate of 95% or more edible rate of 95% or more edible rate of 95% or more edible rate of 95% or more edible rate of 95% or more, the nucleus is small. The edible rate of more than 95% soluble solids content of more than 13% of the average single fruit weight of 400 to 500 grams, the largest up to about 1500 grams.
4. Snow pear: yellowish green, fruit surface is rough, the skin has wax. Among the common pears on the market, it is the largest, each weighing about 350-400 grams. Its flesh is fine and crisp, juicy and sweet, and it is most famous in Zhao County, Hebei Province. Snowflake pear has a high medical value, has a clear heart and lungs, laxative, cough and dryness, sober and detoxification and other effects.
5. balsam pear: balsam pear scientific name Korla balsam pear, fruit is smaller, fusiform or obovate. Fruit skin green-yellow, sunny side with red halo, thin skin. This pear sugar degree is high, crisp without slag, strong flavor.
6. South Fruit Pear: South Fruit Pear fruit is small, green-yellow pericarp, sunny side with red halo. Fresh fruit crunchy hard sweet and sour, if placed at room temperature for about 15 days, the flesh will become soft and easy to dissolve in the mouth, juice, especially rich flavor. Produced in Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoyang and other places in the production of the most famous.
7. apple pear: apple pear is also called yellow crown pear, the skin is dark yellow, bagged fruit is light yellow, appearance like yellow banana apple, meat crunchy and juicy, sweet and sour taste, aroma.
8. Fengshui pear: Fengshui pear skin yellow-brown, bagged golden yellow. The flesh is tender and juicy, with a strong sweet flavor. It has the shortest storage time, only about 10 days at room temperature.
9. Yantai pear: Yantai pear scientific name five nine incense, greenish yellow skin. Fruit after a period of time to become fluffy, less juice, sweet and sour flavor, suitable for the elderly and children to eat, intolerant of storage.
10. beer pear: is imported varieties of Western pear, shape, color variety. California beer pear is the sweetest variety of pear.
Sour pear: sour pear scientific name Ann pear, green pericarp, storage time is long, the pericarp becomes brown. Flesh coarse and hard, after ripening soft, juice, sweet and sour taste, aroma, very resistant to storage and transportation.
11. Zhaozhou snow pear: Zhao County specialty, Zhaozhou snow pear has a long history of cultivation, can be traced back to more than 1700 years ago. As early as in the Qin and Han dynasties have been selected as tribute to the court. Because of its flesh white as jade, like frost like snow and named, history has: Zhaozhou Royal Pear has "big as a fist, sweet as honey, crisp as a diamond" said. Its fruit to a large, round, thin skin, thick meat, color, juice, sweet taste, and Zhaozhou Bridge is famous all over the world.
12.gold top Xiehua crisp pear: henan ningling county traditional specialty. Ming Hongzhi years as the court tribute. This pear stalk around a layer of golden yellow fruit spots, Xiehua that crispy and delicious, so the name. Characterized by its golden color, tender skin, crisp flesh, sweet and juicy, eat without dregs. In addition to direct consumption, can also be processed into canned goods, can also be brewed, medicine.
13. Mengjin pear: produced in Mengjin County, the town of Mengjin and the surrounding areas, in ancient times was a tribute pear, known as "Luoyang kumquat". Here is located in the Yellow River alluvial beach area, deep fertile soil, light, drainage and irrigation is convenient, suitable for pear tree growth. Mengjin pear has more than 2,000 years of cultivation history, according to "Qimin to be described" records: "Luoyang north of Mang, there is Zhang Gong summer pear, taste very sweet, only one tree in the sea.
14. Duck pear: Wei County specialties, Wei County, so in 1995 by the state ministry of agriculture named "China duck pear township". Wei county duck pear is characterized by large, thin skin, small nucleus, meat fine, less slag, juicy, sweet and sour suitable, crispy and delicious, best-selling at home and abroad. Cultivation began in the three kingdoms WeiWenDi years, the northern song dynasty has area cultivation, Ming and Qing dynasty has become a scale. Qing Kangxi eleven years (1672), Wei County Governor Mao Tianqi in the tour of the Wei stage poem has "long forest ring pear leaves, autumn light all over the original Fu" of the famous line.
15.gaoping rhubarb pear: large, strong flavor, water, fruit shape neat and uniform, brittle fruit, resistant to storage. Bright color, average single fruit weight of about 400 grams, the largest fruit weight 1850 grams. The main places of origin in the Chen district, temple Zhuang, Yong record, Busan, Zhao Zhuang, wild river, Du Zhai, group pool (now Shennong town) and other places, including Chen district town of iron furnace village production of rhubarb pear quality is the most famous, commonly known as "Iron Furnace Pear". As early as the Sui Dynasty period was once sealed by the royal family as a tribute to the treasures, GaoPingDaHuangPear is mainly characterized by taste, flavor, sweet and delicious, a variety of vitamins, minerals content is high.
Later the Ming and Qing dynasties had been the emperor's special tribute. So far there has been more than 1500 years of history. In the local, rhubarb pear is often introduced as medicine into medicine, especially for the elimination of phlegm and lowering the fire, detoxification of sores, colds, bronchitis, coughing has a special therapeutic effect. Thirst and loss of voice, constipation, antidote alcohol poisoning and so on. In the local also circulated such a proverb: "the beginning of spring March poisonous gas, eat a catty pear than to eat a patch of medicine is also useful." Change to the previous March time, rhubarb pear has basically no sale, not good to buy. Therefore, every time someone ate in the farmer's home, will feel very precious.
16. Gui Hua Pear (heat-resistant pear): disease-resistant, heat-resistant, suitable for southern subtropical planting, Chongzuo City, Guangxi, Dongmen Town (100km south of the Tropic of Cancer) can be a normal blossoming and fruiting; high-yield and high-quality, soluble solids 11% ~ 13%, sweet and sour; early maturity, early summer in early June to take the lead in the market.
17.Cuiguan pear: a kind of sand pear, fruit nearly round, fruit shape index 0.96, yellowish green, flesh snow white, tender flesh, crunchy juicy, slag, stone cell is very little, taste sweet, soluble solids content 12-14%, quality, single fruit weight 200 grams, the largest 500 grams, the fruit edible rate of 96%, in mid and late July Listed, the fruit is flat and round, the fruit surface is clean, the flesh is white, the kernel is small and thick meat quality fine tender and crisp, juicy and sweet, sweet but not greasy, unique flavor. The variety of early maturity, fruit fertility 110 days, Shanghai area in late July maturity, it is more than Huanghuapi morning market more than 20 days, more than 2 months earlier than the northern duck pear.
18. Chemical heart pear: in Longzhong, there is a fruit - chemical heart pear. It is the local people winter home consumption of top quality fruit. Fresh, due to the lack of rain during the growing period of moisturizing, yellow in the green peel with black, black and red spots. The size is not big, generally the size of an egg. Fruit shape is also not so regular, rounded mostly. Bite into a bite, sweet with acid, acid with astringent, astringent ingredients or more, the taste is not good.
19. Yunnan alpine red Snow Pear: Yunnan unique red Snow Pear, pear is red, skin is thin, water is more, taste is sweet.
Distribution area
Autumn pear is distributed in north and northeast China provinces, fruit round or flat round. Excellent varieties are Beijing's Beijing white pear, Liaoning's south fruit pear and so on. White pear is mainly distributed in north China, the fruit is obovate.
Excellent varieties such as Hebei duck pear, snow pear, autumn white pear, honey pear, Shanxi oil pear, shandong laiyang ci pear. Pear distribution in the Yangtze river basin and the Huaihe river basin, the fruit is nearly round, green or brown skin, famous varieties of Anhui Dangshan pear. Pear in shandong yantai and liaoning dalian cultivation more, the fruit ladybird or round, ripe after flesh crisp and juicy, stone cell less, strong flavor.
China's pear production is the province of Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan and so on. Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning three provinces is China's pear concentrated production areas, cultivated area of about half of about 60% of the output, of which the annual output of Hebei Province accounted for about 1/3 of the country. pear cultivation area and production in China is second only to the apple.
The main pear producing areas are shandong yantai, cultivars for huang county long handle pear, qixia big perfume pear, laiyang cili, laixi crystal pear and perfume pear; Hebei province handan, shijiazhuang, xingtai area, the main varieties of duck pear, snow pear; suizhong in liaoning province, beijin, yixian, jinxi, fuxin, etc. Mainly produces autumn and white pear, duck pear and qiu zi pear system of some varieties; dangshan in anhui province, and around the area of the crispy pear Producing areas; Shanxi gaoping for rhubarb pear producing areas, yanping is to yellow pear and oil pear as the main carrier varieties; Lanzhou, Gansu Province to produce winter fruit pear is famous; Jinchuan Snow Pear in Sichuan and the volume of creek pear; Xinjiang's Korla pear and pear, Yantai, Dalian, western pear are also famous.
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