Fusang (Latin name: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) Alias: Hibiscus vermicularis, Hibiscus vermicularis, Hibiscus vermicularis, Hibiscus vermicularis, Hibiscus grandis, Hibiscus australis, Hibiscus day and, Hibiscus mutabilis, Hibiscus rubra, Hibiscus sanguineus, Hibiscus fire-red, Hibiscus shogaengi, Hibiscus sanguineus, Hibiscus dioicus, Hibiscus sanguineus, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Chinese rose.

Fuchsia is a famous flower in China, and is widely cultivated in South China. It has a long flowering period, almost year-round, large colorful flowers, and many blooms. Coupled with easy management, in addition to subtropical areas on the prevalent use of gardening, in the Yangtze River Basin and its northern regions, for the important greenhouse and indoor flowers. At the same time can also be used for medicinal purposes. Language 1 ：Subtle beauty, fresh love Language 2 ：Slender beauty, considerate beauty, always fresh beauty Morphological features, classification of species, common varieties, plants of the same genus, growing environment, geographical distribution, reproduction methods, cultivation techniques, treatment, potting and pruning, out of the room management, disease prevention and control, the main value of the garden, medicinal value, literature, the national flower of the city flower, Morphological features Leaves similar to the mulberry leaf, also has a round leaf. There are also rounded leaves. Axillary trumpet-shaped flowers, monopetalous and double petals, the largest flower diameter up to 25 centimeters, large evergreen shrubs or small trees. Stem erect and much branched, up to 6 meters high. Leaves alternate, broadly ovate to narrowly ovate, 7-10 cm long, with 3 main veins, apex abruptly pointed or acuminate, leaf margin coarsely serrated or notched, base nearly entire, bald net or dorsal veins with a few sparse hairs, resembling mulberry leaves. Flowers large, pendulous or straight up the stalk, single in the upper leaf axils, single, heavy petal points; single-valved funnel-shaped, heavy-valved non-funnel-shaped, red, yellow, pink, white and other colors, the flowering period throughout the year, the most prevalent in summer and autumn. Fuchsia's appearance is passionate and bold, but there is a unique heart, which is formed by most of the stamens linked together, wrapped in the outside of the large stamens, the structure is quite detailed, just like the passionate appearance of the delicate heart. Ming Li Shizhen "Compendium of Materia Medica - wood three - Fusang": "Fusang produced in the south, is Hibiscus species. Its branches are soft and weak, and its leaves are deep green and slightly astringent like mulberry. Its flowers are red, yellow and white, red is especially expensive, called Hibiscus vermicularis." Ming-Xu Wei, one of the poems of "I heard that there are buyers of Hibiscus flowers in the city": "I remembered to bid farewell to the Tangjiang River for fifty frosts, and the barbarian flowers remembered to be rotten Hibiscus." Qing Dynasty - Wu Zhenfang "Lingnan Miscellany" Volume: "Fusang flowers, everywhere in Guangdong, leaves like mulberry and slightly smaller, large red, light red, yellow color, large open pan such as peonies, open and fall, fall has reopened, from March to October never end." Species classification Fusang varieties are numerous, more than 3,000 species worldwide, with Hawaii as the most. China's varieties are not many, customary petals for the first level, flower color for the second level, flower diameter for the third level of classification standards. Suitable for garden planting there are small spin pink, mini white, flowers on the flower (this in the filament tube with petals on the hibiscus, the ancient Chinese to Foshan, flowers on the flower and other names, see right), pink peony, pink Xishi and other varieties, suitable for potting there are varieties of bright red. Common varieties of beautiful America (AmericanBeauty), deep rose-red flowers. Aurantiacus, single petal, orange-red flowers, with a purple heart. Butterball, heavy, yellow flowers. Butterfly, single petal, small, yellow flowers. CaliforniaGold, single petal, golden yellow flowers with crimson centers. Cheerful, single petal, deep rose-red with white centers. Cooperi, narrow, lance-shaped, green leaves with white, pink and red markings. Flowers small, bright red. CrownofBohemia, heavy, yellow flowers that turn orange. GoldenDust, single petal, orange, with orange center. HulaGirl, single petal, large flowers, 15cm across, yellow turning to orange-red with deep red centers. Brick Red (Lateritia), orange-yellow flowers with black-red centers. Pure yellow fuschia (Lute), single petal, flowers orange-yellow. Matensis, red stem, gray-green leaves, single petal, magenta flowers with crimson veins and centers. Mist, heavy, large, yellow flowers. President (President), single petal, flowers red, with deep pink flower center. RedDragon, heavy, small, deep red flowers. Rosea, heavy, rose-red flowers. Sundown, heavy, orange-red flowers. Toreador, single petal, large flowers, 12-15 cm in diameter, yellow with red flower center. Vulcan, single petal, large, red flowers. WhiteWings, single, large, white flowers. Synonyms Chandelier Fuchsia Plant Name: Chandelier Fuchsia Alias: Chandelier Flower, Hanging Basket Flower Scientific Name: Hibiscus schizopetalus Family: Hibiscaceae Genus Hibiscus Morphological Characteristics: basically the same as the Fuchsia, the main difference is that the pedicel is slender, large and pendulous, and the petals are deeply intense and tasseled and rolled upward, like dangling lanterns; the monoecious stamens and pistils are much longer than the corolla, sticking out far beyond the corolla. The single stamen and pistil are much longer than the corolla, extending far beyond the corolla. Origin and distribution: Native to central Africa. Now China's southern region can be cultivated in the open air, the north for the greenhouse flowers. Growing environment Fusang, also known as hibiscus, native to the south of China. Prefer warm and humid climate, intolerant of cold and frost. Intolerant of shade, suitable for growth in sunny, ventilated places, the soil requirements are not strict, but in the fertile, loose slightly acidic soil growth is best, the winter temperature is not less than 5 ℃. Fusang Department of strong positive plants, like warm, moist, requiring sufficient daylight, intolerant of shade, cold, drought, in the Yangtze River Basin and the north, can only be planted in pots, in greenhouses or other protected areas to maintain 12 ~ 15 ℃ temperature over winter. Room temperature below 5 ℃. Leaves turn yellow and fall off, below 0 ℃, that is, frost damage. Resistant to pruning, strong branching force. It has a wide range of adaptability to soil, but grows best in slightly acidic loam rich in organic matter and pH 6.5-7. Geographic distribution National flower: Malaysia, Panama and the Fiji Islands*** and the country State flower: Hawaii Origin: China Fuchsia has a long history of cultivation in China, as early as the pre-Qin "Classic of the Mountains and Seas" in the "Tang Valley on the Fuchsia", JI Han's "Southern Herbaceous Trees," is recorded in the "its flowers such as the hibiscus and dark red color, called the Hibiscus and color deep red, called Hibiscus vermicularis", "deep red, flowers five out" and so on. Fusang more varieties, colorful, according to the petals can be divided into single petal, compound petal, according to the flower color can be divided into red, pink, yellow, green, white, etc., of which deep red heavy petal is slightly like, is not common, so there is the name of Hibiscus. Fusang cultivars mallow leaf Fusang (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cv. Cooperi.), also known as mallow leaf big red flower, to the main foliage, leaf color white, red, yellow, green and other mottled changes, very beautiful. Propagation Methods Cuttings and grafting are commonly used. Cuttings can be taken except in winter, but the survival rate is high in the rainy season. The best cuttings are annual semi-woody ones, 10 cm long, leaving the top leaves, with flat incisions, inserted in the sand bed, and rooted in about 3 weeks after insertion. Grafting, mostly used for cuttings difficult heavy flower varieties, branching or budding can be, the rootstock with a single flower Fusang. Reproduction of cuttings: May to October, with the highest survival rate in the rainy season. Winter in the greenhouse. Cuttings to the best annual semi-quality branches, 10 cm long, cut off the lower leaves, leaving the apical leaves, the incision should be flat, inserted in the sand bed, maintain high air humidity, room temperature of 18 ~ 21 ℃, 20 ~ 25 days after insertion of rooting. With 0.3% ~ 0.4% indole butyric acid treatment of the base of the plug 1 ~ 2 seconds, can shorten the rooting period. Root length of 3 ~ 4 cm when transplanted into pots. Grafting propagation: carried out in spring and fall. Mostly used for cuttings difficult or slow rooting Fusang varieties, especially cuttings with low survival rate of heavy varieties. With branching or budding, rootstock with a single petal Fusang. The grafted seedlings will flower in the same year. Shoot cuttings of heavy petal Fusang Greenhouse plastic arbor shoot cuttings method of high rooting rate, fast rooting, is a good method of efficient and rapid propagation of heavy petal Fusang. Conditions of preparation in the greenhouse ground to build 0.5m high, 3 ~ 5m long plastic arches, buckle the film so that one end is always open, the other ends are pressed with bricks buckle tightly, so that the light, temperature and humidity in the shed to maintain a stable state. Cuttings substrate for vermiculite and perlite in accordance with the volume ratio of 1:1 mixed into the 10cm diameter, 10cm high plastic seedling bowl, watered, placed in the small shed on the border. Rooting agent preparation method is: accurately weigh 0.5g indole butyric acid pure plus 95% medical alcohol 50ml dissolved, plus distilled water, and with distilled water to 1L. cuttings cuttings can be taken throughout the year, cuttings should be taken in the morning and evening or cloudy days, with the picking with the insertion. Choose a robust plant with a lot of new growth, and collect half-woody tips that are free of pests and diseases. Cut the new tips into cuttings that are 10 to 15 cm long, with 3 leaves, or cut into short cuttings to save material, which is also very effective. Before taking cuttings, soak the base 3cm of the cuttings in rooting agent for 2 seconds, let them dry for 1 to 5 minutes, and then take cuttings. Before insertion must be in the substrate with cuttings slightly thicker than the bamboo stick holes, 3 ~ 4cm deep, the cuttings on the insertion, insertion of the hole gap pinch, each seedling bowl cuttings 1 cuttings, so that the leaves as far as possible to stretch to see the light. Immediately after the cuttings and then sprayed water, and then sprinkled with 2000 times the appropriate amount of carbendazim liquid, disinfection, fastening the plastic arch film. Rooting period management Control of stable and good rooting environment is an important part of the success or failure of cuttings, to ensure that the temperature in the shed during the day at 25 ℃ ~ 29 ℃, the night is higher than 15 ℃, the relative air humidity in 80% ~ 90%. Through the control of the greenhouse environment to ensure the stability of the small environment in the shed, the winter sunshine is mild, the use of open windows to ventilate and cool down and close the window cover thatch to regulate the temperature. The summer sun is strong, high temperature is more difficult to control, cooling in addition to ventilation but also in the shed covered with a certain transmittance of shade net (general transmittance in 30% to 50%), sunny days at noon is the fastest rise in air temperature inside the shed, at this time we must do a good job of spraying cooling, observing the temperature changes and often give the outside of the shed spraying water. Also often check the bed, pick up dead plants, rotten leaves. At the beginning of the first week, the bed requirements to maintain air humidity of more than 90%, and later can be gradually reduced; cuttings 15 days after the beginning of the production of healing tissue, 20 ~ 25 days that is rooted. When most of the cuttings root system grows to 1.5 ~ 2.0cm gradually open the shed refining seedlings, only in the midday high temperature short-term water spray to 0.5% urea + 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate as a foliar fertilizer, spray in the evening, spraying 1 time in 7 days. Refinement of 15 days after the sprouting of new leaves turn green when the successive removal of plastic sheeting and shade nets, generally from cuttings to transplanting takes 40 to 45 days. Transplanting When the root system grows to more than 6cm, there are already brown old roots formed, at this time the cuttings resistance has improved, can be transplanted at the right time. It is best to choose a cloudy day for transplanting, and choose to plant in open beds. Beforehand, make a good flat bed (1.2m×5.0m). In order to prevent the occurrence of blight, sprinkle carbendazim (3-5g/m2) on the beds, then use a flat rake to sow evenly, open a 10cm deep planting furrow, arrange the seedlings 10cm by 10cm, and return the soil to the right and step on the ground. Do the root system exposed to the sun as short as possible, row spacing 30cm, 3 rows per bed (150 plants / bed), water thoroughly, on the shade net. After transplanting, in case of sunny and windy days, spray the leaves with a sprayer 3 to 4 times at noon. Soil slightly hardened, timely loosening with a small hoe, transplanted 20 days after the removal of the shade net, and then hoeing, watering, fertilizer and medication in due course. After planting to promote strong newly planted seedlings weak resistance to disease, slow growth, the need for foliar fertilization, the specific method is since 1 week after planting, sprayed once a week, the formula is 0.5% urea plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% of micronutrient fertilizers (containing boric acid, zinc sulfate, EDTA chelated iron), so that the seedlings quickly slowed down over the color of the leaves to become dense green, the thickness of the increase in, the photosynthetic capacity increased significantly. Photosynthesis capacity significantly improved, growth robust. Northern year-round management in the northern region, heavy fusang cuttings rooted suitable for the use of plastic seedling pots centralized planting, cultivation of 2 months root system full of soil pile, should be transplanted to the tile pot. Heavy petal Fusang does not tolerate low temperature, in the temperature below 15 ℃ plant growth is inhibited, easy to drop flowers, 5 ℃ below the leaves quickly wilted. Open-air seedlings should be potted before early September, and Beijing should be moved indoors from outdoors when the weather turns cooler in mid- to late September, and need to be overwintered in the greenhouse. In winter, if the temperature and other conditions are guaranteed, the flowers can bloom continuously. The most common pests are aphids, shellfish and whiteflies. Spray 3,000 times of 1.8% abamectin or 2,000 times of cypermethrin to kill them, and hang yellow sticky boards to get rid of them. Cultivation techniques Insufficient light, buds are easy to fall off, flowers shrink, daily sunshine should not be less than 8 hours. Fusang has a high demand for fertilizer, and should be supplemented with light in a timely manner during cultivation. Potted Fusang, usually in April out of the house, out of the house before the pot, appropriate plastic pruning, in order to maintain a beautiful crown, the growing period of watering should be sufficient, can not be short of water, can not be flooded, usually watering once a day, ambient can be once in the morning and evening. The ground is often sprinkled to increase humidity and cool down the temperature, to prevent the young leaves from scorching and flowers fall early. at the end of October when the day cools down, move into the greenhouse, the temperature is maintained at 12 ℃ or more, and control the watering, stop fertilizer. Cultivation places are poorly ventilated, insufficient light, often occurring aphids, mealybugs, anthracnose disease, etc., should pay attention to improve the environmental conditions and choose the appropriate pesticide spraying control. Treatment Fusang in the south more planted in the poolside, pavilion, roadside and wall, year-round large red flowers bloom constantly, exceptionally lively. The Yangtze River Basin and the north is often potted to embellish the balcony or small gardens, under the condition of sufficient light, the ornamental period is particularly long. It is also one of the main flowering potted plants placed in public **** places in summer and fall. Fuchsia in the storage and transportation process, if low light, soil over dry and ethylene presence, will cause buds and flowers off. Potted Fusang must be sprayed with 0.5 ~ 0.8 mmol research silver thiosulfate solution 2 weeks before storage and transportation, storage and transportation temperature of 20 ~ 21 ℃, relative humidity of 80%, can withstand the dark environment for no more than 3 days. Potting pruning Potting soil should be used loose, fertile sandy loam, every early spring in April before moving outdoors, should be changed. When changing pots, you should do three things: one is to change the new culture soil; two is to cut off part of the dense curly roots; three is to apply enough fertilizer, the bottom of the pot with a little phosphorus fertilizer. In order to maintain a beautiful tree, with more flowers, according to the Fusang branching and sprouting ability of strong characteristics, can be pruned in early spring before and after the room shaping, each branch in addition to the base to stay 2 ~ 3 buds, the upper part of all cut off, pruning can be prompted to send a new branch, the growth will be more vigorous, the shape of the plant is also beautiful. After pruning, because of the ground part of the consumption is reduced, to appropriate control of water and fertilizer. Out of the room management Fusang positive species, in early May to move to the outdoors in full sunlight, this is also the growing season of Fusang, to strengthen the fertilizer, loosening, pulling weeds and other management work. Every 7 to 10 days to apply a thin liquid fertilizer, watering should depend on the potting soil dry and wet, too dry or too wet will affect the flowering. Autumn management should be cautious, to pay attention to the late less fertilizer, so as not to draw autumn tips. Autumn tips of young tissue, cold resistance is weak, cold days will suffer frost damage. Promptly into the room Fusang intolerant of frost, after the frost until the winter must be moved indoors to keep warm. Overwintering temperature requirement is not less than 5 ℃, so as not to suffer frost damage; not higher than 15 ℃, so as not to affect the dormancy. Dormancy is not good the next year's growth and flowering is not prosperous. Where the south-facing furniture house with good insulation conditions can be overwintered, when the weather is colder, you can cover the paper or cover plastic film to keep warm. First moved indoors every day during the day to open the window ventilation, pay attention to changes in the potting soil dry and wet, appropriate watering. On the coldest days, watering has the effect of preventing frost damage, but fertilization should be stopped. Disease control Leaf spot disease, anthracnose and coal stain disease often occur, can be sprayed with 70% metribuzin wettable powder 1000 times solution. Insect pests are aphids, red spider, moth damage. Available 10% deet emulsion 2000 times liquid spray. Beautiful Fusang Fusang leaf yellow prevention and control Fusang, also known as Hibiscus peony, native to the south of China, like warm, humid climate, requires full sunlight, well-ventilated. Planted in loose fertile sandy soil, slightly acidic soil is good. Fusang at the end of April ~ early May to move outdoors, pruning, potting in a sunny place. During the growing period once a week watering thin liquid fertilizer. Fusang growing leaves if yellowing off, mainly due to improper watering. Fusang watering should also be seen in the wet; potting soil is often wet, affecting the root respiration, and when serious, it will also rot the roots, death. Fusang in the process of planting, pay attention to prevent soil alkalization. move indoor in October, the temperature is maintained above 15 ℃, low temperature will cause defoliation. In addition, outdoor Fusang in the summer before and after the summer, at noon to appropriate shade, after the fall, pay attention to increase the number of water spray, reduce the temperature. The main value of the garden set Fuchsia bright and colorful flowers, towards the open twilight withered. Beautiful flowers, in the south more scattered planted in the pool, pavilion, roadside and wall, potted fuchsia suitable for the living room and the entrance furnishings. Hibiscus is also known as the morning and evening flowers, native to China and India. Prefer warm and humid climate, should be sunny, but also slightly shade, drought resistance, moisture resistance, resistance to infertile soil, cold resistance is strong. Medicinal value AKA big red flower, red hibiscus, moon red, wood flower, cock flower. Source Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Roots, leaves and flowers are used as medicine. Roots and leaves can be harvested throughout the year, summer and fall flowers, dried or fresh. Taste and odor attribution sweet, flat. Functions and Indications Sweet and cold in nature, regulating menstruation, clearing the lungs, resolving phlegm, cooling the blood, detoxifying the toxin, diuretic, and subduing swelling. Root: used for mumps, bronchitis, urinary tract infection, cervicitis, leucorrhoea, menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, lung-heat cough, acute conjunctivitis, nosebleeds. Leaves and Flowers: Used externally to treat furuncle sores and carbuncles, mastitis, lymphadenitis. Flowers: irregular menstruation. Fusang flowers, leaves, stems and roots can be used as medicine, the main use of the root. Usage and dosage: 0.5-1 tael of root or leaf; 1 tael of fresh flower. Fresh flowers and leaves are used externally by pounding and compressing the affected area. Chinese Medicine Compendium of Materia Medica does not have much information on Fusang, only that it is "sweet, flat, and non-toxic", and the main treatment is only "sweet, flat, and non-toxic", and the main treatment is only "sweet, flat, and non-toxic". And the main treatment is only "canker sores and swollen cheeks, take the leaves or flowers, with white hibiscus leaves, cattle side leaves, white honey research paste Fuzhi, that is, scattered." In fact, the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Fusang can be used medicinally, and Chinese medicine mainly uses the roots. Compendium of Materia Medica Leaves, stems and roots can be harvested in all seasons, and flowers are harvested during the flowering season. After harvesting, remove the dirt and impurities, dry in the sun and reserve (stems and roots sliced), or use fresh. It is used to regulate menstruation, mumps or arthritis, then it is stir-fried in wine. Usually made into soup or stew. Externally, the flowers or leaves are pounded and applied to the affected area. Flowers The flowers of Fuchsia are picked during the flowering season, and after picking them, the soil and other impurities are removed, and they can be dried in the sun or used fresh, usually as soup or stew. For external use, the flowers can be pounded and applied to the affected area. The flowers of Fusang contain cottonin, quercetin, kaempferol, vinpocetine, cornflower glucoside, straw liquor and vitamins. In Chinese medicine, Fusang's flowers are sweet and cold in nature, have the effect of cooling the blood, detoxification, diuretic, swelling, clearing the lungs, phlegm, etc., suitable for acute conjunctivitis, urinary tract infection, nosebleeds, menstrual disorders, lung fever and cough, mumps, mastitis, and other diseases. Leaves and stems Fusang leaves and stems can be harvested in all seasons, after harvesting to remove soil and other impurities, can be dried or fresh, the stems need to be sliced, external use of fresh leaves pounded on the affected area. Fusang leaves and stems contain shell sterols, dandelion sterols, acetate lipids and enzymes. Fusang leaves are mainly used to treat skin sores. Root Fusang's root can be harvested in all seasons, after harvesting to remove soil and other impurities, can be dried in the sun, the root needs to be sliced. Fusang's roots contain tannins, similar to flowers, and are the main medicinal part of Chinese medicine. Literature "Fusang Flower in Keng Yuan Yi" by Song Cai Xiang The first cold day of Xikan is like early spring, and the cold flowers charm the pedestrians. The poor trees are withering away, but I can only see the flourishing branches in the firmament. The flowers are so fresh and beautiful that they are covered with clouds and dew, and their fragrance is so fragrant that it is like dust in a rut. The famous garden refuses to compete for color, burning peach wild waterfront. Foshan, botanical name. Shrub. Leaves are ovate. Corolla large, red, white and other colors. Mostly planted in the south of China. Year-round flowering, for the famous ornamental plants. Ming Li Shizhen, "Compendium of Materia Medica - wood three - Fusang": "Fusang produced in the south, is a different species of Hibiscus. Its branches are soft and weak, and its leaves are deep green and slightly astringent like mulberry. Its flowers are red, yellow and white, red is especially expensive, called Hibiscus vermicularis." Ming-Xu Wei "heard that there are buy Fusang flowers in the poem," one of: "Remembering goodbye to Tangjiang fifty frost, the barbarian flower long remember rotten Fusang." . Characteristics: passionate and bold, gorgeous and enthusiastic national flower city flower Fusang is easy to cultivate, long ornamental period, people from all over the world is very favorite . Malaysia in Asia, Sudan in Africa, Fiji in Oceania and Hawaii in the United States were designated as the national flower or state flower. At the same time it is also China's Guangxi Nanning and Yunnan Yuxi city flower , can be seen in Asia, Africa and other continents of the status of Fusang. The U.S. companies Hermitage International, Stokes Tropical Plants, Inc. Aigai (IGI) trading company, the Netherlands, the door - Van Veen company, Porthos Plant Company, Israel's Yager Nursery, Britain's Thompson Morgan, Germany's Jelitto (Jelitto) company and Australia's Ossiparis Pacific, in the Fuchsia breeding, propagation and production of the company is very well known, especially the U.S. companies are more famous. Zhu hibiscus--Nanning City flower "Fusang" is native to China, widely planted in the south of China. In the summer, Hibiscus is known as "Hibiscus peony" with many flowers and leaves. Ancient poems praise: "only fly Jianzhang fire, and then fall Chicheng Xia", "flame burning air red Fusang." "Fusang" is the city flower of Nanning, Guangxi, but the name "Jugun" is used here. Because "Fusang" and "help the funeral" harmonic, and "hanging bell" and "hanging the end of" harmony, more bad. Nanning people not only love "hibiscus", planted all over the street, and the roof of the Nanning International Convention and Exhibition Center is also designed as an upside-down hanging oversized hibiscus flowers, every year, China - the East Association of the Expo will be held here. "Fusang" is Malaysia's national flower, but there called "big red flower" - Bangaraya. Malaysians take the "big red flower" as a symbol of the Malay nation's enthusiasm, cheerful, a metaphor for the love of the motherland like fire ***. "Fusang" has a high economic value, flowers, leaves, roots can be used as medicine. Leaf sweet dry, have heat detoxification effect. Flowers are sweet and cool, have clear lungs, phlegm, cool blood, detoxification effect, can be applied externally to treat carbuncle sores. Recently found that it also reduces blood pressure, stem skin can make rope and sacks.