The cultivated perilla seeds are perilla, perilla and perilla. The seeds, stems and leaves of the first two kinds are used as medicine, while the latter one is only used as medicine and food.

(1) perilla var. Arguta (Benth。 ) hand. Mazz is panicum miliaceum, with a plant height of 30 ~ 150 cm. They all have special fragrance and are covered with fine hair. Stems erect, quadrangular, purple or green-purple, multi-branched, purple or white villous. Single leaf opposite, with long handle. The leaves are oval, broadly oval or heart-shaped, 4 ~ 12 cm long and 3.5 ~ 10 cm wide. The apex is pointed or acuminate, the base is nearly round, and the edge is coarsely crenate. Both sides are purplish red or only purplish red below, both sides are sparsely pilose, and there are fine glandular spots below. Cymes are arranged in terminal and axillary spikes, which are slightly flat and narrow. Bracts ovate-triangular, ciliate. Calyx bell-shaped, apex 5-lobed, outer lower part densely pilose. Corolla 2-lipped, purplish red or light purplish red, stamens 4, 2 strong. Ovary 4-lobed, stigma 2-lobed.

purple perilla

1. Plant 2. Flowers and bracts 3. Calyx spreading, showing hairs on inner surface 4. Corolla spreading, showing stamens and pistils 5. Nut 6. Seeds.

Nutlets, at the bottom of persistent calyx tube, obovate, gray-brown, with reddish-brown reticulate veins on the surface.

(2) Perilla frutescens. Var。 Potamogeton crispus (Thunb. ) hand. Maz. It is the deformation of perilla frutescens, and the plant morphology is similar to perilla frutescens. The main difference is that the whole body is often pubescent, the leaves are wrinkled, and the edges are slit-shaped, which looks like a cock's comb, so it is named cockscomb. Plants are shorter and have smaller leaves.

purple perilla

1 .cuttlefish 2. fruit

Perilla frutescens Alias Perillafractecens and Perillafractecens. Panicum miliaceum, with a plant height of 2 meters, is all densely covered with white hair. Stems stout, quadrangular, turquoise or light green, villous. Single leaf opposite. Petiole 3 ~ 5 cm long, densely villous. Leaf blade broadly ovoid or ovoid, 7 ~13cm long, with puberulent upper surface and appressed lower veins.

There are 2 cymes, forming terminal and axillary pseudoracemes, leaning to one side, densely pilose, with yellow glandular spots, swollen fruits and swollen basal sides; Upper lip wide, 3 teeth; The lower lip is 2-toothed, lanceolate and the internal throat is sparse. Corolla white, 3 ~ 4 mm long, slightly notched upper lip, 3-cleft lower lip. Small pointed fruit is nearly spherical, brown or grayish white, which is larger than perilla fruit.