1, a viable and complete embryo.

2. Have sufficient nutrition reserves.

3. Not in a dormant state.

Second, the external environmental conditions.

Healthy seed germination needs proper temperature, sufficient water and proper amount of oxygen, which are indispensable, and some seeds also need light.

1, sufficient water

In addition to drip irrigation, there are also soil factors that will also affect the water around the seeds. Different soil conditions are as follows:

(1) sandy soil

Sand leakage is serious, and two phenomena are easy to appear after sowing.

The first phenomenon is that seeds germinate smoothly after dripping enough water. However, due to the poor water retention of sandy soil, the soil water content decreased for a period of time, and the seeds were easy to hang. In this case, it is necessary to replenish water in time, not too much, and it is better to bring a small amount of high phosphate fertilizer.

The second situation is that the germination water is not dripping through, and the seeds are not sufficiently absorbed, so it is difficult for the seeds to germinate. Seeds must absorb enough water to start a series of enzyme activities and germinate normally.

(2) Clay

Clay land is generally poor in water permeability and easy to accumulate water. Don't drop too much on this kind of land, enough is enough. For land preparation like this, the principle of early ploughing and late sowing should be implemented. Soil preparation like this should not be too fine and too broken. After being too fine and broken, dripping water is easy to form a very smooth shell, which is easy to organize your seeds to break through the ground.

2. Comfortable temperature

The seed germination of each crop has three basic temperatures, namely, the optimum temperature, the highest temperature and the lowest temperature for germination. Seeds above the highest temperature and below the lowest temperature will die, and seeds can germinate healthily only at the most suitable temperature. Germination at low temperature is easy to rot, and germination at high temperature will form weak seedlings due to excessive metabolism.

3. Air (oxygen)

Seeds will germinate when they absorb enough water at the right temperature. The most important thing at this time is oxygen. If oxygen is insufficient, they will breathe without oxygen, produce harmful substances, and the seeds themselves will be poisoned.

Oxygen content is related to sowing depth and soil quality.

Generally, there is no hypoxia in sandy land, only in clay land. Therefore, it is suggested that the clay land should be cultivated early and sown late, and the wetting time should be prolonged, and at the same time, it should not be too fine, otherwise a smooth ground will appear after dripping water, and the plastic film will easily stick with water.

Extended data

The seeds germinate. It is known that seeds can germinate under suitable temperature and moisture conditions, so everyone will plant bean sprouts, flowers and vegetables. Some seeds do not germinate because they have no vitality, and the seeds are hollow (without embryos) or the embryos are damaged.

In fact, there is also a phenomenon that vigorous seeds do not germinate under suitable germination conditions, which is called "dormancy". For example, hard seeds in Leguminosae are commonly called "raw beans" or "dumb beans".

This is a kind of seed dormancy-physical dormancy, which is mainly caused by the seed coat preventing water absorption. In addition, it also includes morphological dormancy (embryo is not fully developed), physiological dormancy (seeds have germination inhibitors and other reasons), morphological dormancy (embryo is not fully developed and has physiological dormancy) and compound dormancy (seed coat is impermeable and embryo has physiological dormancy).

Morphological dormancy, physiological dormancy and morphological dormancy seeds can all "drink water" without germination.

In fact, dormancy is not a seed "losing temper". Some dormant seeds are deliberately arranged by clever plant mothers, and some clever seed babies perceive that the external environment is not conducive to growth. Dormant seeds wait for the right time to germinate, so as not to encounter adverse conditions and lead to population extinction.

Baidu encyclopedia-seed germination

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All related issues

Conditions for seed germination

A: Seed germination must have certain external conditions. These external conditions are: sufficient water, suitable temperature and sufficient oxygen; Studies in recent years show that many seeds still need light or darkness for germination. Details:/question/18591293.html

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What are the conditions for seed germination?

As we all know, to germinate seeds, we must first make them have enough water. Because the water content of dried seeds is very small, accounting for only about 5% ~ 10% of the total weight of seeds, many important life activities cannot be carried out under such conditions, so the first condition for seed germination is to fully absorb water to make life active. The main function of water in the process of seed germination is that the seed coat expands and softens after soaking in water, which can make more oxygen enter the seed through the seed coat, strengthen cell respiration and metabolism, and at the same time discharge carbon dioxide through the seed coat. Organic nutrients stored in seeds can not be absorbed by cells in dry state, and enzymes in cells can not play a role. Only after the cells absorb water, various enzymes begin to move, decompose the stored nutrients and transfer them to the germ for use in a dissolved state. The volume of embryo and endosperm increases after water absorption, and the soft seed coat is easy to break under the extrusion of embryo and endosperm, which creates conditions for embryo and radicle to break through the seed coat and grow outward. Water absorption during germination also varies from seed to seed, depending on the nature of nutrients stored in the seed. Seeds containing more protein have high water absorption; Seeds with more fat absorb less water; Seeds with more starch generally absorb less water. Generally speaking, the weight of seeds will increase by more than 30% after water absorption. In addition, seeds can directly absorb moisture in the atmosphere for germination. Water is indispensable for seed germination, but water alone is not enough. Seed germination is a strong process of life activity, including a series of material changes; Decomposition of organic nutrients in endosperm; Organic and inorganic substances are transformed into protoplasm of life, and all these changes are carried out under the action of various enzymes. However, the normal function of enzymes requires a certain temperature. Generally speaking, increasing the temperature in a limited range can accelerate the activity of enzyme and improve the catalytic efficiency; If the temperature decreases, the function of the enzyme will decrease, and if it is lower than the minimum value, the activity of the enzyme will stop. However, too high temperature will also destroy the structure of the enzyme and lose its catalytic ability. Therefore, the temperature requirement for seed germination is in the range between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature. If it exceeds this range, the enzyme will lose its catalytic ability, thus making the seed lose its germination ability. In this temperature range, the most suitable temperature is the most ideal condition for seed germination. At this temperature, the enzyme has the strongest activity and catalytic ability. Different kinds of plant seeds have different requirements for germination temperature, which is determined by the characteristics of the plant itself and the result of long-term adaptation to the environment. Therefore, agriculture should combine the characteristics of plants. According to the most suitable temperature of seeds, it is beneficial to seed germination to choose the appropriate season for sowing.

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What are the conditions for seed germination?

Seed germination requires two conditions, one is that the seed itself should have the ability to germinate, but the external conditions, which are the so-called three elements of seed germination, are water, air and temperature.

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