Lead is in a particulate state in the exhaust gas and diffuses with the wind. Rural residents generally inhale about one microgram of lead from the air every day; Urban residents, especially those on both sides of the street, will greatly exceed rural residents. After entering human body, tin is mainly distributed in liver, kidney, spleen, gallbladder and brain, with the highest concentration in liver and kidney. After several weeks, lead was transferred from the above tissues to the bones and deposited in the form of insoluble lead phosphate. About 90% ~ 95% of lead in human body is accumulated in bones, and only a small amount of lead exists in liver, spleen and other organs. Lead in bone is generally stable. When calcium deficiency in food or infection, trauma, drinking and taking acid-base drugs disrupt the acid-base balance, lead will be transferred from bone to blood, causing symptoms of lead poisoning. The symptoms of lead poisoning are very extensive, such as dizziness, headache, insomnia, dreaminess, hypomnesis, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, heating, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, anemia, peripheral neuritis, etc. Severe poisoning patients have obvious liver damage, and there will be symptoms such as jaundice, hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function.
There are many reasons for lead poisoning, such as eating lead-containing food, such as preserved eggs, popcorn, canned lead solder food, fruit peel, etc. Frequent contact with color-printed food packaging, paints, lead-containing cosmetics, hair dyes, clothes contaminated with lead, automobile exhaust and lead-containing drugs; Light candles containing lead, especially scented and slow-burning candles. Among them, for adults who have little contact with lead, the use of unqualified colored glazed tableware may be an important reason for the excessive lead content in the body.
According to reports, lead, cadmium and other heavy metals in unqualified porcelain are easily dissolved from the beautiful glaze, causing chronic harm to human health. Ceramic tableware is usually decorated by glazing, which contains heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. When it comes to acidic food, the poor quality products will have excessive lead and cadmium dissolved into the food. If people eat food with high lead and cadmium content for a long time, it will cause lead to deposit in the blood, leading to damage to the central nervous system of the brain and kidneys and other organs. In-glaze and under-glaze colored ceramics with smooth surface like glass, there is little or no dissolution of lead and cadmium, so you can buy them with confidence. For the glazed products with concave-convex surface, products with less decorative patterns on the surface should be selected as far as possible. For those products that are not at ease, they can be soaked in vinegar for several hours. If there is obvious color change, they should be discarded.
■ Lead poisoning can be life-threatening.
Dr. Si Liu Ren said that lead and its compounds have certain toxicity, which will do harm to nervous system, hematopoietic system, digestive system, kidney system, cardiovascular system and endocrine system. At present, most common lead poisoning belongs to mild chronic lead poisoning. The main pathological changes are that lead affects metal ions and enzyme systems in the body, causing autonomic nerve dysfunction, anemia and low immunity.
Lead poisoning can affect many organs of human body, including nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, constipation, bloody stool, abdominal cramps, dizziness, restlessness, insomnia, lethargy, irritability, pallor, palpitation, shortness of breath, low back pain, edema, proteinuria, hematuria, tubular urine, and even renal failure in severe cases. If pregnant women accidentally lead poisoning during pregnancy, it will also cause abortion, stillbirth or deformed children.
■ Prevent lead poisoning in many ways.
Prevention of lead poisoning should be based on diet, living habits and other aspects. First of all, newspapers and other printed materials should not be used as food packaging in diet. When food is contained in food bags, direct contact with food, especially with acidic food, should be avoided. Vegetables and fruits should be washed before eating, and peeled as much as possible to prevent lead from remaining in pesticides.
In terms of living, try not to use lead paint to decorate the walls, floors and furniture in the home, otherwise, once the paint chips peel off, the lead in the paint will easily cause lead pollution in the living room. Try to use lead-free cosmetics, hair dyes, etc. In addition, don't walk near roads where there are many cars, because there is a lot of lead in automobile exhaust and soil around roads.
The diet should contain enough high-quality protein, such as eggs, lean meat, poultry, fish and shrimp, soybeans and bean products, accounting for more than 1/2. Foods rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C, should be selected in dietary allocation. Appropriate vitamin C supplementation can not only make up for the consumption of vitamin C caused by lead, but also slow down the symptoms of lead poisoning. Vitamin C can also combine with lead in the intestine to form lead ascorbate with low solubility, which reduces the absorption of lead. At the same time, vitamin C also directly or indirectly participates in the detoxification process and promotes the discharge of lead. Appropriate vitamin E supplementation can resist the peroxidation caused by lead, while vitamin D supplementation can affect the absorption and deposition of lead by regulating calcium and phosphorus. Supplementing vitamins B 1, B2, B6, B 12 and folic acid can also improve symptoms and promote the recovery of physiological functions.
■ Eat some lead-expelling food properly.
Many natural foods have certain functions of preventing and expelling lead. Protein contained in milk can combine with lead to form insoluble matter, and calcium contained in milk can prevent the absorption of lead. Tannic acid in tea can form a soluble complex with lead and be excreted with urine. Iodine and alginic acid in kelp can promote the discharge of lead. Sulfide in garlic and onion can dissolve the toxic effect of lead. Seabuckthorn and kiwifruit are rich in vitamin C, which can prevent lead absorption and reduce lead toxicity. Food contains some inorganic anions or acid radicals such as iodine ions, phosphate ions, molybdate ions, etc., which can combine with lead and promote it to be discharged from the stool. These nutrients are rich in fruits and vegetables, so people exposed to lead should eat more fruits and vegetables.
Lead: Occupational lead poisoning causes infertility, mainly because it interferes with the normal formation of sperm. It damages the epithelium of seminiferous tubules and reduces sperm motility. There are also extremely strong side effects of embryos. As long as one of the couples is engaged in lead exposure, abortion and premature delivery may occur.
Residents living in cities with rapid industrial development and increasingly prosperous traffic. It is inevitable to inhale "lead" from the atmosphere every day. Lead "is the protoplasm poison of cells, and the" lead "entering the human body will cause serious harm to human health. Among them, children are sensitive to lead poisoning. When people inhale air containing lead regularly, they may have mild symptoms of early neurasthenia, such as headache, muscle and joint pain, general weakness, insomnia, poor appetite, etc. When too much lead is accumulated in the human body, the above symptoms will be further aggravated, accompanied by clinical manifestations of lead poisoning. However, the clinical manifestations of "lead" poisoning are often similar to the symptoms of other diseases, such as: the decline of IQ caused by "lead" and the mental retardation caused by neurodysplasia of brain cells, lead anemia and iron deficiency anemia; Numbness and weakness of limbs of hands and feet, poor neurotrophic and micro-blood circulation, muscle weakness, numbness, "lead" abdominal colic and appendicitis abdominal pain; "Lead" hypertension and arterial degenerative hypertension. "Lead" leads to infertility and general infertility. Growth retardation caused by "lead" is similar to that caused by other reasons, which can easily lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, and often lead to undesirable consequences.
So, how can we know if we are poisoned by lead? For adults or children living in an environment polluted by lead, if they have one of the above symptoms, they should pay special attention to whether it is caused by the harm of lead. If you want to know whether you are poisoned by lead, you can diagnose it by checking the content of lead in blood, urine or hair. The amount of lead in blood and urine indicates the recent entry of lead into the body, while the amount of lead in hair indicates the long-term absorption of lead by the human body. It is a better method to detect blood lead, urine lead and hair lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ICP. If your body has some of the above-mentioned bad symptoms, and the lead content in your blood per deciliter reaches 10 microgram, or the lead content in your urine per liter exceeds 0.08 mg, you can be sure that you have been poisoned by lead. If the content of lead in your hair is more than 9.4 micrograms per gram, it means that you were poisoned by lead in the past and are still suffering from lead poisoning.
Lead's damage to human systems is the main cause of chronic lead poisoning and acute attack of lead poisoning. If you find that your body contains too much "lead" through the examination of blood, urine and hair, you must treat it as soon as possible.
Harm of lead to human life
Lead is one of the earliest metals that people have mastered its application technology, and it has a wide range of uses. Lead is a metal with certain toxicity. Frequent contact without paying attention to prevention may cause lead poisoning. The toxicity of lead, as well as the knowledge of symptoms, diagnosis, detoxification and poison detection of lead poisoning, have been recorded in ancient Chinese medical books, such as the Record of Remembering Injustice and Compendium of Materia Medica in the Song Dynasty.
Both water and food contain trace amounts of lead, and the average adult's daily intake of lead from water and food is at least about 0. 1 mg. It can be seen that in daily life, lead mainly enters the human body from the digestive tract through diet.
Lead has toxic effects on all parts of the human body. Simply put, the toxic effects of lead are: lead can cause obstacles in the synthesis of heme, thus causing anemia; On the other hand, it can cause vasospasm and cause some obvious symptoms of lead poisoning, such as abdominal cramps, toxic encephalopathy and nerve paralysis. When abdominal cramps may be accompanied by retinal arteriole spasm and hypertension, the patient looks pale; The so-called "lead capacity" is caused by the contraction of skin blood vessels. Lead poisoning encephalopathy is a kind of hypertension, which is caused by cerebral vasospasm, cerebral anemia and even brain edema.
The most common symptoms after lead poisoning are neurasthenia, indigestion in the stomach, paralysis and toxic encephalopathy. For example, short-term exposure to high concentration of lead can cause severe abdominal cramps and toxic hepatitis.
The following foods have the effect of discharging lead:
* Yogurt-can stimulate intestinal peristalsis, reduce lead absorption and increase excretion.
* oyster-high zinc content will prevent the intake of lead.
* Pectin substances contained in fruits, such as kiwi fruit, dates and oranges, can precipitate lead in the intestines, thus reducing the absorption of lead by the body.
* Vegetables-Vitamin C in vegetables such as rape, cabbage and bitter gourd combines with lead, which will produce insoluble and nontoxic salts, which will be excreted with feces. Generally, the lead content of plant foods is higher than that of animals, and the lead content of rhizomes is the highest.
* Shrimp skin-every 500 grams of shrimp skin contains up to 250 grams of calcium, which helps lead excretion.
* Milk-contains protein which can combine with lead in the body to form a soluble compound.
* Bean products-contain a lot of protein ingredients with excellent texture, which can play the same role as milk in discharging lead.
* kelp-has the effect of detoxifying and discharging lead. It can promote the excretion of lead in the body.
* Tea-contains tannic acid and other substances, which can combine with lead in the body to form a soluble substance and be excreted with urine.
* Carrot-contains a lot of pectin, which can reduce the toxicity of lead in the body and reduce the absorption of lead.
* Garlic-has the function of dissolving lead poisoning, and can reduce the harm of lead to human body.
* Beef-which contains protein and calcium, can prevent the body from absorbing lead.
* Animal liver-contains about 20% protein and rich calcium, which is of great help to prevent lead poisoning.
* Vitamins-Eating more foods rich in vitamin C can inhibit the body's absorption of lead. Vitamin C combines with lead to form insoluble and nontoxic salts, which can be excreted with feces. Ordinary people should take at least150mg of vitamin C every day; It can be increased to 200 mg for those who have been diagnosed with lead poisoning.
* Auricularia auricula-has a good anti-cancer effect and the function of removing lead poisoning. Regular consumption can effectively remove lead poisoning and other harmful substances in the body.
* Tea-contains tannic acid and other substances, which can combine with lead in the body to form a soluble substance and be excreted with urine.
Five recipes for discharging lead
* Carrot milk-50 grams of carrots, cooked, taken out and crushed, and taken in 200 ml of milk.
* Golden mushroom and shrimp skin dumplings-Flammulina velutipes100g (cooked to remove soup), 50g of shrimp skin (slightly washed in warm water) and 200g of lean pork. Chop the above three things into mud, add seasoning to make stuffing, and wrap them into jiaozi (or wonton) for cooking, which can be eaten in batches.
* Garlic-mashed seaweed porridge-50g of rice, 0/5g of kelp/kloc-,chopped and mashed with two cloves of garlic. Boil rice and kelp with appropriate amount of water first, then add garlic paste and seasoning after porridge, and cook for a while, which can be eaten in several times.
* Jinmei Drink-Lysimachia christinae10g, Mume10g, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch10g. Decoct the soup and remove the residue. Take it in three times, about 300ml.
* Licorice and mung bean soup-licorice10g, 50g mung bean, boiled soup to make mung bean crisp and rotten, without sugar, eat mung bean in soup.
The above recipes can be taken alternately, and it takes a long time to be effective, usually 1-2 months or longer. People with lead poisoning symptoms may wish to try it.
These foods can help to resist the further infringement of lead. The speed of lead excretion is very slow. If the lead content in the body is high and has reached the level of poisoning, it cannot be solved by food excretion. You must take lead excretion drugs (such as dimercaptoprolol, Qianguohua, Qiancong, etc.) under the guidance of a doctor.