1, root: conical or spindle-shaped, brown, with many fibrous roots.
2. Stems: erect, branched or unbranched, hollow, hairless at the lower part, with sparse glandular hairs at the middle, upper and top. Plant height is 30~ 100cm.
3. Leaves: The lower leaves are oblong or obovate, 5~ 13cm long and 1~5cm wide, with a tapering apex, a downward extending base, winged stalks, irregularly pinnately divided edges or densely spiny teeth. The middle and upper leaves are sessile, oval, long and narrow, 3~6cm long and 1~3cm wide, with serrated cleft or pinnate division. The edge of the lobe is densely covered with spikes, which are long and hard and have enlarged round ears at the base.
4. Flowers: There are 3-7 flowers in the head, which are arranged at the top of the stem in an umbrella shape, and the total pedicel length is 3-8 cm. The flower diameter 1~2cm, the pedicel length is 2~5cm, and the total peduncle or the beginning of inflorescence often has glandular hairs or spider-like hairs. The involucre is bell-shaped or cylindrical, with a diameter of 1.2~ 1.5cm. The involucre has 2~3 layers, which are herbaceous, green or dark green, the outer layer is lanceolate, the inner layer is linear lanceolate, the apex is blunt and the edge is membranous. They are all tongue-shaped flowers with a tongue length of 0.5cm and yellow. The foliar fertilizer can be sprayed before flowering to promote flowering.
5. Fruit: Achene is oval and obovate, compressed, short, wide and smooth, with three longitudinal edges on both sides and no horizontal stripes.
6. Seed: long oval, 4 ~ 6 mm long, brown, with white crown hair.