What are the main chemical fiber fabrics? In real life, chemical fiber fabrics are also common fabrics in our lives. This kind of fabric is very elastic and can generally be used to make clothes. The following is to introduce the main chemical fiber fabrics.
What are the main chemical fiber fabrics 1 1? Chemical fiber.
Fibers made of natural or synthetic polymers. Common textiles, such as viscose cloth, polyester khaki, nylon stockings, acrylic wool and polypropylene carpet, are all made of chemical fiber.
According to the different sources of raw materials, chemical fibers can be divided into: man-made fibers and natural polymer substances (such as cellulose). ) as raw materials, viscose fiber, etc. ; Synthetic fibers, using synthetic polymers as raw materials, such as polyester; Inorganic fiber, taking inorganic materials as raw materials, such as glass fiber.
Second, man-made fibers.
China is not only the birthplace of sericulture and silk-making, but also the first country to make fibers artificially according to historical records. The main varieties of man-made fibers are:
1, viscose fiber,1848 j mercer found that the sensitivity of chemical reaction increased after cotton cellulose was impregnated with concentrated alkali liquor. After that, C. Cross and E. Biuniversal carbon disulfide in Britain reacted with alkali fiber to obtain soluble cellulose xanthate, thus making viscose fiber.
2, nitrocellulose, also known as nitrocellulose. 1855, the British nitrated cellulose, dissolved it into glue and extruded it into silk. 1884 The denitration method was successfully studied, and the production of rayon by nitric acid method was officially put into production.
3. Acetic acid fiber: Acetic acid cotton linter forms cellulose acetate in a reagent mainly containing glacial acetic acid, which is dissolved in chloroform slurry and spun to obtain triacetate fiber. If cellulose acetate is partially saponified, cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone is obtained, and the fiber obtained after spinning is called diacetate fiber.
4. Copper ammonia fiber: rayon spun by dissolving cotton linters into pulp and using copper hydroxide solution as solvent. Silk is good and beautiful, but the cost is high.
5. Man-made protein fiber. The British first studied the extraction of protein from animal glue and made it into artificial protein fiber. 1935, someone in Italy tried to extract casein from milk to make artificial wool. Since then, some countries have successfully made man-made fibers from soybean protein and peanut protein. Due to the practical performance and manufacturing cost of this fiber, the output is very small.
Third, synthetic fibers.
General synthetic fibers Synthetic fibers began to rise in the mid-1930s. PVC fiber is the earliest synthetic fiber (see chlorine-containing fiber). Vinyl chloride is synthesized from acetylene and hydrochloric acid, and then polymerized and spun into fibers. The earliest product in Germany was called PCU.
The breaking strength and elongation of fiber are similar to those of cotton, and the dry and wet strength are almost equal. Water-resistant, corrosion-resistant, not easy to mildew, very stable reaction to various chemicals. Flame retardancy is an outstanding property of PVC fiber, but it is easy to deform at 75 ~ 80℃. Polyvinyl chloride fiber can be used as industrial filter cloth, film, packaging cloth, nautical clothing and bathing suit.
Fourth, special fibers.
Refers to a new type of synthetic fiber, which has special properties such as corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, flame retardancy, high strength and high modulus. Special fibers are not only used as textile materials, but also widely used in national defense industry, aerospace, transportation, medical and health care, marine aquatic products and communications.
comfortable
Chemical fiber has three advantages in the early stage of development: first, it is strong and durable; Second, it is easy to take care of and has the characteristics of anti-wrinkle and non-ironing; Third, industrial mass production can be carried out, unlike natural fibers, which occupy land, processing is time-consuming and laborious, and the output is limited. But these traditional advantages of chemical fiber are no longer "scenery".
First of all, people now pay attention to comfort and fashion in their clothes. With the change of consumption concept, the durability of chemical fiber becomes useless. Secondly, with the development of textile technology, natural fibers can be easily treated after finishing. Third, people have realized that oil resources are non-renewable, and the' chemical fiber industry' developed by relying on oil resources will face the disaster of' extinction' one day.
What are the main 2 1 chemical fiber fabrics? According to raw materials, it can be divided into polyester/nylon/acrylic fiber/spandex.
2. According to the source of raw materials, chemical fiber fabrics mainly include recycled fibers and synthetic fibers.
3. According to the shape, it can be divided into textured silk, filament, composite fiber, foreign fiber and short fiber.
Advantages of chemical fiber fabric:
The raw material of chemical fiber fabric is polymer material. High density makes the fabric more durable and resistant to beating. After the fabric is made into cloth, it also has certain wrinkle resistance and is relatively simple to care for. This kind of clothes can be washed by hand or by machine.
Chemical fiber fabrics can be regenerated or mass-produced, and the cost is much lower than that of natural fibers. However, the fabric behind the clothes is excellent in all aspects, and the overall cost performance of the clothes is high.
With the continuous improvement of textile processing technology, the properties of chemical fiber fabrics have been greatly improved, especially in antibacterial, radiation-proof and wear-resistant aspects.
Disadvantages of chemical fiber fabrics:
The overall comfort of chemical fiber fabrics is not as good as that of natural fibers. Because of the molecular structure, clothes are more likely to generate static electricity, which will cause different degrees of harm to the human body. Poor adsorption and poor integration with silk and other fabrics. When clothes are worn for a long time, there will be a situation of "separation", which will affect the overall beauty of clothes.
What are the main chemical fiber fabrics? 1. rayon fabric
Characteristics of rayon fabric
Rayon fabrics basically refer to viscose filament and staple fiber fabrics, commonly known as rayon and rayon. In addition, it also includes some fiber-rich fabrics and medium-long fiber fabrics between filaments and short fibers. Therefore, the performance of rayon fabric is mainly determined by the characteristics of viscose fiber.
1, rayon and rayon fabrics are soft to the touch, breathable and comfortable, and brightly dyed.
2. Rayon fabric has good hygroscopicity, which is the best in chemical fiber. However, its wet strength is very low, only about 50% of the dry strength, and the shrinkage rate of the fabric is large, so it is best to shrink in advance before cutting.
3. Ordinary viscose fabric has the characteristics of good drape, poor rigidity, poor resilience and poor wrinkle resistance, so its clothing has poor shape retention and is easy to wrinkle.
4. Viscose fiber fabric has good acid and alkali resistance, sunlight resistance and other drug resistance.
In a word, man-made fiber fabrics are superior to other chemical fiber fabrics because of their excellent hygroscopicity. However, due to the fact that their fabrics will become hard after entering the water, their strength will become worse, so be careful not to rub hard when washing. In addition, when cutting, the hem should be left wider and the edge should be trimmed to avoid yarn slippage and "tripping".
Second, polyester fabrics
Characteristics of polyester fiber fabric
Polyester fabric is a kind of chemical fiber clothing fabric widely used in daily life. Its biggest advantage is good wrinkle resistance and shape retention, and it is suitable for making outerwear clothing. Generally speaking, polyester fabrics have the following characteristics:
1, polyester fabric has high strength and elastic recovery. So durable, wrinkle-resistant, non-ironing.
2. Polyester fabric has poor hygroscopicity, feels sultry when wearing, and is easy to carry static electricity and dust, which affects beauty and comfort. However, it is very easy to dry after washing, and the wet strength hardly decreases, and it does not deform, so it has good washing resistance and wear resistance.
3. Polyester is the fabric with the best heat resistance among synthetic fabrics, which is thermoplastic and can be made into pleated skirts with lasting pleats. At the same time, the polyester fabric has poor melting resistance, and it is easy to form holes when encountering soot and Mars. Therefore, contact with cigarette butts and sparks should be avoided when wearing.
4. The light fastness of polyester fabric is better than that of acrylic fiber, and its light fastness is better than that of natural fiber fabric. Especially behind the glass, the sun resistance is very good, almost equal to acrylic fiber.
5. Polyester fabric has good resistance to various chemicals. Acid and alkali do little damage to it, and it is not afraid of mold and moths.
Third, nylon fabric.
Characteristics of nylon fiber fabric
Nylon fabric is famous for its excellent wear resistance. It is not only the best choice for down jackets and mountaineering clothes, but also often blended or interwoven with other fibers to improve the strength and fastness of fabrics. The characteristics of nylon fiber fabric can be summarized as follows:
1, the wear resistance of nylon fabric ranks first among all kinds of fabrics, which is many times higher than other fiber fabrics of similar products, so it has excellent durability.
2. The hygroscopicity of nylon fabric is a good variety in synthetic fiber fabric, so the clothing made of nylon is more comfortable than polyester clothing.
3. Nylon fabric is a kind of light fabric, which is second only to polypropylene fabric and acrylic fabric in synthetic fiber fabric. So it is suitable for mountaineering clothes and winter clothes.
4. Nylon fabric has excellent elasticity and elastic recovery, but it is easy to deform under a small external force, so its fabric is easy to wrinkle during wearing.
5. Nylon fabric has poor heat resistance and light resistance, so attention should be paid to washing and maintenance conditions when wearing it to avoid damaging the fabric.
Four. Acrylic fabric
Acrylic fabric, commonly known as artificial wool, has a soft and fluffy feeling similar to wool fabric and bright color, which is deeply loved by consumers.
Acrylic fiber fabric is characterized by:
Acrylic fiber has the reputation of synthetic wool, and its elasticity and bulkiness are similar to those of natural wool. Therefore, the warmth retention of its fabric is not lower than that of wool fabric, and even higher than that of similar wool fabric by about 15%.
2. Acrylic fabrics are brightly dyed, and the light resistance is the first among all kinds of fiber fabrics. But its wear resistance is the worst among all kinds of synthetic fiber fabrics. Therefore, acrylic fabric is suitable for outdoor clothing, swimwear and children's wear.
3. Acrylic fabric is poor in hygroscopicity, easy to stain and boring to wear, but it has good dimensional stability.
4. Acrylic fabric has good heat resistance, ranking second among synthetic fibers, acid resistance, oxidant resistance, organic solvent resistance and relative sensitivity to alkali.
5. Acrylic fabric is a lightweight fabric among synthetic fabrics, second only to polypropylene, so it is a good lightweight clothing material, such as mountaineering clothes and winter warm clothes.
Chemical fiber fabrics are mainly divided into two categories, one is recycled fiber fabrics, and the other is synthetic fiber fabrics. Regenerated fiber fabrics are generally made of some polymers and high proteins through chemical processing, and synthetic fabrics are generally made of some polyester materials. Generally, recycled fiber fabrics are more expensive and breathable. Synthetic fiber fabrics have poor air permeability and water absorption, and the price is relatively cheap.