Edible fungi refer to the general name of fungi that can be used by human beings, including Pleurotus ostreatus, Boletus, Auricularia auricula, laryngeal fungi and so on. And some rare fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum, Tricholoma matsutake, Poria cocos, Cordyceps sinensis, tripe mushroom, etc. And some wild fungi with nourishing function also belong to fungi. In some cities in the south of China, people used to call it "mushroom", while in the north, people used to call it "mushroom", but the local address habits were different.
According to statistics, there are more than 2000 kinds of edible fungi in the world, and there are 720 kinds in China. Edible fungi used to be wild, but with the improvement of living standards and the development of science and technology, artificial cultivation of edible fungi instead of materials appeared, which enriched the varieties of edible fungi and increased the output, and became the environmental protection food on our daily table.
China is one of the first countries to know about edible fungi in the world, but unfortunately, the consumption of edible fungi in China lags far behind some other countries. We learned from the China Edible Fungi Association that according to foreign data, the United States consumes 2.5 kilograms of edible fungi per capita every year; And France is 4.5 kilograms; Japan also reached 3 kg, in contrast, China's per capita consumption of bacteria is only about 2 kg.
According to experiments, edible fungi are rich in nutrients. It contains eight essential amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine and methionine. Among them, lysine can combine with salt in cooking to produce amino acid sodium salt, which makes the taste of edible fungi more delicious. In addition, lysine and tryptophan can produce substances transmitted by the brain, improve sleep and contribute to the growth and development of children. The synthesis of human fatty acids can enhance human antibodies and improve anti-fatigue ability. Especially for the elderly, fresh mushrooms can absorb nearly 190 mg of iron per 100 g, which can fully meet the needs of the elderly for iron.
Now nutrition shows that edible fungi contain eight kinds of amino acids needed by human body, as well as 25% crude protein, 8% fat and 60% carbohydrate, so they will play a very good health care role in strengthening human body's resistance and softening blood vessels. For example, the fat content of edible fungi is generally 2%, which is only1/6 of pork; Edible fungi contain a lot of calcium needed by human body. If everyone eats 300 grams of mushrooms every day, they can meet the demand for calcium. According to scientific research, the nutritional value of 2 kg of fresh mushrooms is equivalent to 1 kg of beef. The crude protein content of 1 kg wild edible fungi is equivalent to 1.7 kg pork, and the crude protein content of most fresh wild edible fungi is 3.22% on average, which is more than twice that of vegetables and nearly ten times that of ordinary fruits, so it is considered as the most ideal source of protein in the world.
We have talked so much about the nutrition of edible fungi. Can artificially cultivated edible fungi really fail to achieve the function of wild edible fungi? It is generally believed that the nutritional components of wild edible fungi are higher than those of cultivated edible fungi, which is wrong. In the process of artificial cultivation of edible fungi, according to the needs of people's life, the nutritional components needed by people are added to the formula ratio, and the cultivation technology is improved, so that the nutritional components of artificial cultivation of edible fungi are equivalent to or higher than those of wild cultivation of edible fungi.
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