Original Yuan and ten years to move to Sima, Jiujiang County. Next autumn, I will send a guest to Pukou, and I will hear those who play the pipa in the middle of the night. Listening to its sound, there is the sound of Kyoto. Ask the man, Ben Chang 'an advocates women, and learns from Mu Cao. Old age is fading, and I am committed to being a wife. He ordered the wine maker to play several songs quickly. I am sorry for you, but I told myself about the joy of my childhood. Now I am wandering and haggard, and I have been an official for two years in the rivers and lakes. I feel comfortable and feel comfortable. It is only in the evening that I feel that I have moved. Because long songs are given to them, with 612 words. Life is called Pipa Xing.

I was bidding a guest farewell, at night on the Xunyang River, where maple-leaves and full-grown rushes rustled in the autumn.

I, the host, had dismounted, my guest had boarded his boat, and we raised our cups and wished to drink-but, alas, there was no music.

For all we had drunk we felt no joy and were parting from each other, when the river widened mysteriously toward the full moon.

We had heard a sudden sound, a guitar across the water, host forgot to turn back home, and guest to go his way.

We followed where the melody led and asked the player's name, the sound broke off...then reluctantly she answered.

We moved our boat near hers, invited her to join us, summoned more wine and lanterns to recommence our banquet.

Yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us, still hiding half her face from us behind her guitar.

...She turned the tuning-pegs and tested several strings, we could feel what she was feeling, even before she played.

Each string a meditation, each note a deep thought, as if she were telling us the ache of her whole life.

She knit her brows, flexed her fingers, then began her music, little by little letting her heart share everything with ours.

She brushed the strings, twisted them slow, swept them, plucked them, first the air of The Rainbow Skirt, then The Six Little Ones.

The large strings hummed like rain, the small strings whispered like a secret.

Hummed, whispered-and then were intermingled, like a pouring of large and small pearls into a plate of jade.

Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, and it is difficult to swallow and flow under the ice.

The ice spring is cold and astringent, as though it could not pass; and the notes, dying away.

Into a depth of sorrow and concealment of lament, told even more in silence than they had told in sound.

A silver vase abruptly broke with a gush of water, and out leapt armored horses and weapons that clashed and smote.

Watch your stroke, and all four strings made one sound, as of rending silk.

There was quiet in the east boat and quiet in the west, but see jiangxin autumn moon white.

Thoughtfully put it in the string, she rose and smoothed her clothing and, formal, courteous.

Told us how she had spent her girlhood at the capital, living in her parents' house under the Mount of Toads.

And had mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, with her name recorded first in the class-roll of musicians.

Song often teaches good talents, her beauty the envy of all the leading dancers.

How noble youths of Wuling had lavishly competed, and numberless red rolls of silk been given for one song.

And silver combs with shell inlay been snapped by her rhythms, and skirts the colour of blood been spoiled with stains of wine.

Season after season, joy had followed joy, autumn moons and spring winds had passed without her heeding.

Till first her brother left for the war, and then her aunt died, and evenings went and evenings came, and her beauty faded.

With ever fewer chariots and horses at her door, so that finally she gave herself as wife to a merchant.

Who, prizing money first, careless how he left her, had gone, a month before, to Fuliang to buy tea.

And she had been tending an empty boat at the river's mouth, no company but the bright moon and the cold water.

And sometimes in the deep of night she would dream of her triumphs, and be wakened from her dreams by the scalding of her tears.

Her very first guitar-note had started me sighing, now, having heard her story, I was sadder still.

We are both unhappy -- to the sky's end, we meet. We understand. What does acquaintance matter?.

I came, a year ago, away from the capital, and am now a sick exile here in Jiujiang.

And so remote is Jiujiang that I have heard no music, neither string nor bamboo, for a whole year.

My quarters, near the River Town, are low and damp, with bitter reeds and yellowed rushes all about the house.

And what is to be heard here, morning and evening?, the bleeding cry of cuckoos, the whimpering of apes.

On flowery spring mornings and moonlit autumn nights, I have often taken wine up and drunk it all alone.

Of course there are the mountain songs and the village pipes, but they are crude and-strident, and grate on my ears.

And tonight, when I heard you playing your guitar, I felt as if my hearing were bright with fairymusic.

Do not leave us. Come, sit down. Play for us again., and I will write a long song concerning a guitar..

...Moved by what I said, she stood there for a moment, then sat again to her strings-and they sounded even sadder.

Although the tunes were different from those she had played before, the feasters, all listening, covered their faces.

But who of them all was crying the most?, this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeve was wet.

annotate

1, move to the left: demote the official.

2. Where: * * *.

3. Clearance: birdsong.

4. Frog Mausoleum: Xiama Mausoleum, near which is the settlement of the singer.

5. Qiu Niang: the general name of geisha.

6. Fighting for the head: competing to give property.

7, silver grate: ornaments on women's heads.

8. Floating beam: Jingdezhen, Jiangxi.

9, vomiting and sneering: describe the hoarse voice.

10, forward: just now.

1 1, blue shirt: Tang officials wear different colors in different grades. Blue is the lowest level of clothing color.

12, ?: (pén)

13, Chen: (zhé)

14, Di: (dí)

15, Cao: (cáo)

16, grate: (b √)

17, á: (diàn)

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I was demoted to Jiujiang as a Sima. One night in the autumn of the following year, I sent a friend to Songpukou and heard someone playing the pipa in the boat. The sound was clanking and longitudinal, and it had the charm of the capital. When I asked that person, I realized that she used to be a geisha in Chang 'an. She once learned to play the pipa from two famous teachers, Cao and Mu. As she got older, her beauty declined and she had to be a wife to a businessman. I ordered the wine to be set and let her play a few songs happily. When she finished playing, she was very sad. Described the happy scene when I was young; But now, wandering and haggard, wandering in the middle of the rivers and lakes! It has been two years since I was demoted from Beijing, and I feel calm and content with the status quo. After listening to her words, I felt the taste of being relegated that night, so I made this long poem for her, with a total of 612 words (in fact, the whole poem is 616 words), called Pipa Xing.

In the evening, I bid farewell to my friends by the Xunyang River. Maple leaves are blooming and rustling in the autumn wind. The host got off the horse and walked into a friend's boat. He picked up the wine and wanted to drink it, but there was no music to entertain him. Gloomily drunk, sad to be separated, to be separated, the vast river is immersed in the bright moon. Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa floating on the water. The host forgot to go back and the guests refused to get up.

Quietly ask who is playing the pipa with the voice. The sound of the pipa stops, but I want to speak but I don't speak slowly. Move closer to the boat and ask that person to meet you. Add wine, light the lamp, and put on a feast. After repeated calls, she was willing to walk out of the cabin, still holding the pipa and covering half her face. Twist the spindle and pluck the strings two or three times, but they haven't been played into a tune yet, and they are full of emotions. Every string is sighing, and every sound is meditating, as if telling a story of dissatisfaction. With a low eyebrow, I continue to play, play, and tell the infinite sad event. Gently close, slowly twist, wipe and pick. At the beginning, "Nishang" is played, and later "Six Yao" is played. The thick strings are noisy, as if it were a sudden storm, and the thin strings are cut, as if they were whispers of children. It's so noisy, it's a jumble of big beads and small beads, and it's full of tracts. How difficult it is to pass through the Oriole at the bottom of the flower-how fluently it is called, and how hard it is for the spring water under the ice to swallow! When the running water freezes, it also freezes the strings of the pipa. Killer freezes and the sound stops temporarily. In addition, it reveals a kind of sadness hidden in the deep heart. At this time, there is no sound, but it is more exciting than the sound. Suddenly a silver bottle was blasted, and the water slurry rushed in. Suddenly, a group of fighters came out, and the swords and guns roared. When the bullet was finished, the plucked string was drawn across the middle of the string, and the four strings made the same sound, as if tearing silk. The boats in the east and west are quiet and no one talks, only to see a round of autumn moon shining in the heart of the river.

Suspicion swallowed down the dial and inserted it into the string, tidied up the clothes, and stood up looking very respectful. She complained, "Originally, she was a girl in Beijing, and she lived near the Frog Mausoleum. At the age of thirteen, he learned to play the pipa, and his name was registered in the first part of the teaching workshop. Playing the music has won the praise of the composer, and the makeup is combed, which often causes Qiu Niang's jealousy. Teenagers in Wuling rushed to give gifts and a tune in exchange for countless Wu Ling Shu Brocade. Beating time broke the cloud grate of the head, eating wine and splashing the bloody skirt. Laugh this year, laugh next year, and spend many autumn nights and springs gently; My brother joined the army, my aunt left the world, and ruthless time took away the beautiful beauty. The chariots and horses in front of the door are getting thinner and thinner. I married a businessman and followed him here. Businessmen only value profit, but don't care about parting. Last month, they went to Fuliang to buy tea for business. Leaving me in the estuary, I was alone in this empty boathouse. The moonlight around the boat was as white as frost, and the river was so cold. In the middle of the night, I suddenly dreamed of the past of my childhood, full of tears, and I woke up even more sad when I cried. ……”

I have sighed after listening to the pipa, and I am even more embarrassed after listening to these words. The same frustrated people are wandering in the distance, touching together, so what if they didn't know each other before! I have been ill since I left Beijing last year and demoted to Xunyang. Xunyang is a desolate and remote place, where there is no music, and you can't hear the orchestral playing all the year round. Living near the Ganjiang River, low-lying and humid, around the yard, try to grow some yellow reed and bitter bamboo. What do you hear here in the morning and evening? In addition to the cuckoo's whine, there is only the ape's sad cry. Spring morning and autumn moonlit night, take out wine, but often drink it by yourself. Is there no folk song? No village flute? Oh, dumb ridicule, that sound is really ugly! Listening to the music you played on the pipa tonight is like listening to the fairy music in the sky, and my ears are suddenly clear. Don't leave, please sit down and play another tune, and I'll write the lyrics for you. The title is Pipa.

After listening to my words, I stood for a long time, then sat down and plucked the string, even more urgently. Sadly, unlike the voice just now, the full audience couldn't help crying. Which of them cried the most bitterly? Jiangzhou Sima's tears are wet through the blue!

Comment on the poet's efforts to shape the image of the pipa girl in this poem, which profoundly reflects the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society, and expresses the feelings of "we are both unhappy -- to the sky's end". At the beginning of the poem, I wrote "seeing the guests off in the autumn night", "suddenly smelling" and "playing the pipa", so I searched for the sound, "secretly asked", "moved the boat" and invited to meet each other. After a long time, the singer came out half-hidden. This kind of echoing and tortuous description laid the foundation stone for the theme of "the end of the world is reduced"

Then it reveals the inner world of pipa girl by describing her playing music. First of all, there is affection in the unfinished tune, and then there are strings, sounds and thoughts, which show the ups and downs of the pipa girl.

Then she went on to write about the life story of the pipa girl: her skills taught her to be "talented and obedient", her appearance was "her beauty the envy of all the leading dancers", and Kyoto teenagers were "head-bound" and "and numberless red rolls of silk been given for one song". However, as time goes by, "and evenings went and evenings came, and her beauty faded" finally had to "marry a businessman's wife". This description of resentment and weeping complements her playing and singing above, and completes the shaping of the image of pipa girl.

Finally, the poet's emotional waves were excited by the fate of the pipa girl, and he sighed "we are both unhappy -- to the sky's end, we meet. We understand. What does acquaintance matter?", expressing the feelings of being in the same boat and being in the same boat. The poetry is lively, step by step, and dotted everywhere.

Both emerge in an endless stream and land on the theme. It's like a surging river, undulating and enduring. Repeated chanting, swinging people's minds, infinite feelings. The language is sonorous and figurative. "Like a shower", "Like a whisper", "Water and mud burst", "The sound of swords and guns", "The pearls are falling on the jade plate" and "The bottom of the flowers is singing". When you read it, you can smell it and feel it.

Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was named Lotte, a Buddhist in Xiangshan, and Mr. Zuiyin. His ancestral home was Taiyuan (now Shanxi), and his great-grandfather Bai Wen moved to Xia □ (now Weinan, Shaanxi), so he became a Xia □ person. In his later years, he was an official prince with less wealth and posthumous title was known as Bai Fu, Bai Wengong, his grandfather □, and his grandfather □. At the age of 9, he was familiar with phonology. 1 1 At the age of 6, he fled from Xingyang to Xuzhou Fuli (now the north of Suxian County, Anhui Province), and soon went south to Vietnam, where he defected to be the cousin of a county magistrate in Hangzhou. 15, 16, he decided to be a scholar. Between Luoyang and Zhenyuan, life was rather hard. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan, Bai Juyi was 29 years old, and in the 18th year (802), he was admitted to the Jinshi Academy. At the same time, he was awarded the title of "Outstanding Scholar" with Yuan Zhen. They made an appointment here, and later became equally famous in the poetry circle, and they were called "Yuan Bai". In the first year of Yuanhe (806), they stopped being a school bookkeeper. They all still served as Hanlin bachelor's degree. They drafted imperial edicts and participated in state secrets. In six years of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi returned to Beijing as a Prince Zuo Zanshan's doctor because of his mother's loss of home. In ten years of Yuanhe, the separatist forces in the two rivers jointly rebelled against the Tang Dynasty, and sent people to assassinate Wu Yuanheng, the prime minister who advocated the crusade against the separatist regime in the buffer region. Bai Juyi took the lead in arresting the murderer, in order to avenge the national humiliation. However, he was attacked by decadent bureaucratic forces for overstepping his duty and fabricated it. " He was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province) Sima. This was a heavy blow to him. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In the fifteenth year, he was called back to Beijing, worshipped the minister of Shangshu, moved to the host and guest, learned the imperial edict, and entered the Chinese book. Because of the state affairs, the cronies in the DPRK clashed, and he repeatedly said that he would not listen to things. In the second year of Changqing (, And dredged six wells in the city for drinking. On the day of leaving Suzhou, the villagers in the county sent tears to each other. In the first year of Wenzong Dahe (827), they visited the secretary's supervisor. In the following year, Bai Juyi turned to assistant minister of punishments. From the age of 58, he settled in Luoyang. He successively served as a guest of the prince, Henan Yin, Prince Shaofu and other posts. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. He was in He was called "Liu Bai". In his comfortable old age, he still often thought of the people. At the age of 73, he also raised funds to dig up the Eight Stone Beaches in Longmen to facilitate sailing. Two years later, he died of illness and was buried in Pipa Peak in Xiangshan Mountain, Longmen (see the tomb of Bai Juyi in Luoyang, Henan Province). The poet Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph and has now become a tourist attraction. Bai Juyi not only left nearly 3,000 poems in his life, but also put forward a whole set of poetry theories. The famous argument of "real meaning" (Nine Books with Yuan Dynasty). Bai Juyi inherited the traditional poetic theory of China, which always took the Book of Songs as the theme, and placed great emphasis on the realistic content and social function of poetry. He said: "Articles are written in time, and songs and poems are written for things" (Nine Books with Yuan Dynasty). Before his death, Bai Juyi compiled his poems several times. There are 75 volumes and 5 copies. They were collected in Lushan, Suzhou, Luoyang and their nephews' and grandsons' homes. During the turmoil in the late Tang Dynasty, the manuscripts were scattered, and after repeated engraving, they were not the original. The earliest extant Collection of Bai's Works was from Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (11~/ More than 3,600 poems were collected (including dozens of other people's works), which were photocopied and published by Literature Ancient Books Publishing Society in 1955. In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1606), Ma Yuandiao reprinted "Bai Changqing Collection" 7 1 volume. It is basically the same as the Shaoxing edition. In addition, the movable type of Nabo Daoyuan 16 18 in Japan is copied and published by the Commercial Press, and the contents are basically the same as the Shaoxing edition. Wang Liming in Qing Dynasty is engraved with 40 volumes of Poems of Bai Xiangshan, which are only poems, but not texts, including the lost collection. He also compiled two volumes of Waiji, collecting lost poems, with biographies of Bai, important prefaces and postscripts of Bai, and a brief chronology. In terms of research data, the new and old Tang Shu has Bai Juyi's biography, and Chen Zhensun and Wang Liming both wrote chronologies. Close to Chen Yinke's "Yuan Bai Poems and Notes" and Cen Zhongmian's "Bai Changqing". Bai Juyi's Volume, a collection of critical materials from the middle Tang Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, and A Study of Bai Juyi by Hideki, a Japanese flower house, are all important reference books for studying Bai Juyi.

After Du Fu, Bai Juyi was an outstanding realistic poet in ancient China. He lived for more than 70 years, which was the period of rapid development of various contradictions and conflicts after the An Shi Rebellion, and also the period of the decline of the Tang Dynasty. The complicated social reality was comprehensively reflected in Bai Juyi's poems. There are nearly 3,000 poems by Bai Juyi today, and the number is second to none among the poets in the Tang Dynasty. His achievements are mainly manifested in two aspects: first, political satire. One is a long narrative poem represented by Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Xing. The former reveals almost all the crux of the social pathology at that time at the bottom of his pen. The latter has its own twists and turns, meticulous plot description from beginning to end, and complete and vivid characterization. It is particularly smooth and symmetrical in language and tone, beautiful and harmonious. This is a new type of poem, which was called "thousand-word rhythm poem" at that time.

In the 10th year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (8 15), the DPRK etiquette in collusion with Wu Yuanji, a separatist province, sent someone to stab Wu Yuanheng, the prime minister, and Chang 'an was in chaos. Bai Juyi was then the doctor of Zanshan in the East Palace, and he was a sinecure to accompany the prince, so he couldn't ask about the state affairs, but he couldn't suppress his anger, wrote a letter asking for the arrest of the murderer, and was eventually demoted to Jiangzhou Sima on charges of overstepping his duties and making irresponsible remarks.

Mainly leisure poems and sentimental poems. Sentimental poems: Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Journey.

Leisure poem: "Farewell to the Ancient Grass"

It was the period when he was "alone", and he made a magic weapon of "being wise and preserving his health" by rubbing with Confucianism, "Lotte know life", Taoism, "knowing enough and not insulting" and Buddhism, and regretting that "thirty is too strong, and there are many right and wrong in his chest".

later stage

(that is, demote Jiangzhou Sima to death)

It is mainly composed of allegorical poems. The representative work is Selling Charcoal Weng.

The official career has been smooth sailing, always holding the purpose of "pleading for the people" and "helping the world".

earlier stage

(From being an official to being demoted to Jiangzhou Sima)

Characteristics of poetry

Life characteristics

period

Bai Juyi's Life and Poems

representative works

The Everlasting Regret

Song of the Lute Player

Line-a genre of ancient poetry. Song Wangzhuo's "Bi Ji Man Zhi" Volume 1: "Ancient poetry is called Yuefu, which means that poetry can be sung. Therefore, there are songs, ballads, lines and songs in Yuefu." Song Zhao Decao's "guǒ" Volume 1: "Every song starts with a sound, which means it is quoted ...