(Stills of Ming Chengzu)
First, Ming Chengzu hit Tartar hard, but gave the opportunity for the rise of Vara.
Ming Chengzu launched five Northern Expeditions, the first Northern Expedition was to combat the Tatar Khan Alutai. The effect of this Northern Expedition was obvious, finally forcing Alutai to surrender to the Ming Dynasty, and Ming Chengzu named Alutai as the King of Huaning.
Arutai's defeat by the Ming Dynasty led to the rise of Mahamud, the leader of the Tartars. The Ming Dynasty of course did not want to allow the rise of Walar, so Ming Chengzu launched a second Northern Expedition to combat Walar. The Ming army did defeat the Walar army as well, but it did not pursue them y, and the losses suffered by Walar were not great.
Ming Chengzu's third northern expedition, because the Tatar Khan Alutai rebelled, no longer come to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty, but also to the border of the Ming Dynasty harassment, so Ming Chengzu again led troops to pursue. However, Alutai learned his lesson this time, and escaped in advance when he heard that Ming Chengzu was coming. However, Ming Chengzu did not return empty-handed, he found a large number of Alutai's provisions. So the Ming army set fire to these provisions and drove the Tartar livestock back. On the way back to the capital, they also struck another Mongol tribe, the Uliangha, which was dependent on the Tartars.
By the time Ming Chengzu led his army to the north for the fourth time, Wara was already strong and had already defeated Alutai. Therefore, Ming Chengzu did not fight much and returned to China.
The fifth Ming Chengzu's northern expedition still did not find Alutai. The Ming army only had to beat Woodrugha again, like the second time, to take out a breath of bad luck. And unfortunately, Ming Chengzu died of illness on the way to the division.
From the view of Ming Chengzu's five northern expeditions, the object of his fight is mainly Tartary. The reason why to fight Tartary, on the one hand, is that Tartary is very powerful, and is not willing to submit. On the other hand, it was because Tartary was considered to be the authentic Mongol.
However, the Ming army's repeated and constant fight against Tartary actually gave Walar a chance to rise.
After the retreat of the Ming army, Walar found the opportunity to defeat Tartary in one fell swoop, killing Alutai, and sort of realizing a small unification of Mongolia.
It can be said that the small unity of Mongolia, and Ming Chengzu's Northern Expedition, gave them the opportunity not unrelated.
(Yixian stills)
Secondly, the reason why the Ming Dynasty was defeated in Tumu Fortress, in fact, is a coincidence.
During the Ming Dynasty's fight against the Tartars, although Wala rose to prominence, and although it achieved a small unification, its strength was not actually strong enough to threaten the Ming Dynasty.
At that time, Walar had also been serving the Ming Dynasty as the sovereign state. After the unification, Walar raised Tetu Buhua to be the Great Khan. He was a descendant of Genghis Khan's golden family, so he was able to win the support of everyone.
However, the power of Mongolia is actually in the hands of Taishi Yixian. After all, the Wara was able to achieve a small unity, Yixian's father Tuo Huan made a big contribution. Therefore, there were actually two chiefs of the Mongols at that time.
Because there were two leaders, the Ming Dynasty needed to give two annual gifts to Wara. This made the Ming Dynasty very upset, so it stopped giving the annual gift to Taishi Yixian. This made Yixian very upset too, and as the Mongols are wont to do, he went to the Ming border to cause trouble.
At that time, Ming Emperor Yingzong had just come to power, and he was a great admirer of his great-grandfather, Ming Chengzu, so he decided to go on an expedition to teach Yixian some lessons, just like his great-grandfather did.
However, Emperor Yingzong had never fought a war before, and he favored the eunuch Wang Zhen, who did everything he was told. And Wang Zhen had never fought a war before. The first time I saw him, he was in the middle of a battle, and he was in the middle of a war, and he was in the middle of a war. As a result, they missed the opportunity to fight on the road and were soon surrounded by Yixian.
(Ming Yingzong stills)
Yixian's troops are actually not many, but still managed to encircle the Ming army, it can be seen, the commander of the Ming army at that time is really not capable. What is even more incapable is that Wang Zhen also suggested Ming Yingzong to retreat to such a high ground as Tumu Fortress, just like what Ma Su did back then. As a result, they suffered the same predicament of Ma Su, the army was cut off from water, the army was shaken, and finally defeated by Yixian.
In short, the war between Ming Yingzong with his army and Yixian in Tumu Fortress can only be an abnormal war, and does not reflect the real strength of the Ming army and the Warat army.
In fact, when Yixian went on to lead the Warrat army to Beijing, even though it was only commanded by a civil official, Yu Qian, and even though the army at the border didn't come back to rescue him, and even though the armies of the feudal lords around the country didn't come to the capital to serve the king, Yixian was still defeated. This shows that Yixian's Warat army is really not the opponent of the Ming army.
Moreover, the Ming army at that time, there is a way to deal with the Mongols, is to divide and conquer. After all, Mongolia has a variety of internal factions, as long as they are divided, the Mongols will certainly kill each other. In fact, because the Ming army and Tetsuo do not spend contact, so that Yixian afraid, he hurriedly withdrew his troops back.
After the Civil War and the Battle of Beijing, Mongolia was basically no longer a threat to the Ming dynasty. Ming Wuzong period Dayan Khan also just and Ming Dynasty friction, and did not set off waves. This continued until the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the Qing Dynasty assimilated Mongolia and recovered it.