1. Planting situation
Huazhuang Town is a large agricultural production town in XX District, with a total area of ??202.87 square kilometers and a total population of 15,000, including 13,000 agricultural people and arable land. With an area of ??18,000 acres, agricultural income accounts for more than 70% of the net income of rural residents. In the past, a single variety of vegetables was grown, and XX District was famous for its rich production of Chinese cabbage. In recent years, the production model has undergone major changes, mainly facility cultivation in winter and spring and open field cultivation in summer and autumn. The annual fruit and vegetable output reaches 80 million kilograms. It is the plateau summer area of ??XX City. One of the main vegetable producing areas. They mainly grow baby cabbage, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage and other vegetables. Due to the hot and cold weather this year, the plateau summer vegetable market was delayed by about 15 days, which collided with the sales time of southern vegetables. In addition, the price of vegetables was high last year, and the income was The increase has driven farmers' enthusiasm for planting, blindly expanded vegetable planting area, and the varieties are single. These reasons have led to lower vegetable prices. The price of the first crop of plateau summer vegetables this year is very low, with a drop of more than 30% compared to last year. Among the purchase prices, except for baby cabbage, which is the same as last year, the most variable price is cauliflower. Last year, the highest price per catty was 4 yuan/catty. This year Then it is only 0.4 yuan/jin. In the first half of the year, in addition to the stable level of baby cabbage planting area, the areas of cabbage, cauliflower, zucchini, etc. have expanded to varying degrees, forming a passive sales situation in which supply exceeds demand, seriously exceeding market saturation, resulting in a sharp drop in prices. During this price storm, the price of baby cabbage was not affected. The price of baby cabbage has always been relatively stable. Therefore, many farmers continue to plant it, accounting for more than 70% of the vegetable planting area. It is an important way for farmers to get rich.
2. Analysis of reasons for stable sales market prices
Both baby cabbage and Chinese cabbage are cruciferous vegetables. They are new vegetables introduced in recent years. They have strong growth and late bolting. It is best sown in spring and can also be cultivated in summer. It tastes particularly good. Chinese cabbage is a strong individual and is the most common and plump important winter vegetable in northern my country. In recent years, due to the influence of off-season vegetables and markets, as well as changes in living habits, fewer and fewer people store and pickle vegetables. In addition, baby cabbage has its own advantages in terms of taste, yield, sales, etc., and has great potential to replace it. The trend of Chinese cabbage has caused the sales of Chinese cabbage to be sluggish. Last year, many people planted Chinese cabbage, which resulted in an oversupply situation in the market. As a result, the price of Chinese cabbage dropped significantly, and the lowest price of Chinese cabbage was 0.12 yuan/kg, which was the lowest in recent years, which seriously affected the enthusiasm of vegetable farmers. As people's demand for green, natural, and health-care foods increases, baby cabbage has become a new favorite vegetable because of its freshness, taste, lightness, purity, and health-care effects. Baby cabbage can be eaten raw, stir-fried, stewed and pickled in a variety of ways to meet the needs of different consumers. Especially in recent years, with the promotion of Lanzhou Plateau summer vegetables and the development of the national market, baby cabbage has become a leading product and has become a key product in the market. Fixed sales points have been formed in 105 cities across the country. The market demand is strong, the development prospects are broad, and the market development potential is huge. Mainly:
1. Increase in social demand.
Because baby cabbage is small and tastes good, it is very popular among people and mainly goes to southern cities. Chinese cabbage is large and suitable for storage, but the market demand is smaller than baby cabbage. Baby cabbage is basically sold from the land preparation, and the sales cost is low. In addition, Huazhuang Town has three key provincial and municipal companies, Lanzhou Luyuan Agricultural Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou Rongcheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., and Lanzhou Hongwei Vegetable Co., Ltd., with a vegetable storage and transportation capacity of more than 150,000 tons. The leading enterprise also has 6 individual vegetable purchase and sales agencies, which provide full tracking services for farmers' production, management and sales of baby cabbage, eliminating farmers' worries.
2. The input-output ratio is high.
The average yield of baby cabbage per mu is 8017.85 kilograms, and the average yield of Chinese cabbage per mu is 10694.44 kilograms, a decrease of 25%. The production cost of baby cabbage is 1922.46 yuan/mu, and the production cost of Chinese cabbage is 2458.66 yuan/mu, a decrease of 21.81%. The main reason is the reduction of labor costs. The labor cost per mu of baby cabbage is 761.4 yuan, while the labor cost per mu of Chinese cabbage is 1,389 yuan, a decrease of 45.19%. This is mainly due to the fact that during the harvest period, the Chinese cabbage is strong and the leaves are closed into balls, hiding the buds in the middle to protect its safety. To overwinter, the vegetables must be harvested by removing the unused leaves from the periphery of the cabbage heart, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.
3. Market prices are relatively stable.
The net profit per mu of baby cabbage is 3256.04 yuan, and the net profit per mu of Chinese cabbage is 2028.04 yuan, a profit increase of 60.49%. The cash income of baby cabbage is 4267.44 yuan, and the cash income of Chinese cabbage is 3667.97 yuan, an increase of 11.17 %, the average sales price of baby cabbage is 0.64/kg, and the average sales price of Chinese cabbage is 0.41 yuan/kg. In the first half of the year, the price of first-crop plateau summer vegetables in XX District was very low, with a drop of more than 30% compared to last year, while the price of baby cabbage was basically the same as last year. In the second half of last year, the price of Chinese cabbage was low and difficult to sell. Many farmers' Chinese cabbage could not be sold and rotted in the fields. In response to this situation, the district government held an emergency meeting, took active measures, and launched a price adjustment fund. The government We have joined forces with enterprises to purchase Chinese cabbage, and have officially launched vegetable purchase and reserve work from November 1, 2015. The reserve varieties are mainly Chinese cabbage, and the price of purchased and reserved vegetables is 0.30 yuan/kg, which fundamentally solves the problem of unsalable sales affecting the income of ordinary people. problem.
4. Continuous planting will increase the yield.
In order to ensure the production and supply of vegetables and non-staple foods, we have focused on strengthening the construction of facility agriculture, and actively adopted the method of combining government awards with subsidies, farmers' self-financing, and special support to guide farmers to increase the construction of facility agriculture. . Up to now, Huazhuang Town has built 2,000 acres of steel frame greenhouses and 21,600 acres of facility agriculture. The facility vegetable production area has reached 25,600 acres, accounting for more than one-third of the town’s vegetable output. The new vegetable planting area throughout the year is 12,600 acres. , vegetable output reached 598,000 tons, an increase of more than 10%, effectively ensuring local market supply. Due to profit-driven planting, many farmers use facilities to plant consecutive crops at different times. If calculated based on three crops, the cash income per mu of land is 3,256.40 yuan, and the income per mu of land for three crops is 9,769.20 yuan. The economic benefits for farmers are very considerable.
3. Existing problems
1. Due to the lack of scientific predictions by vegetable farmers in planting vegetables, they are blind and rely only on the experience of the previous year to determine which vegetables had good prices last year. Which vegetables to grow depends on the market risk, causing instability in planting.
2. The development of growing baby cabbage has not reached a large scale. Although baby cabbage has been planted in a large area in our region and has achieved certain economic benefits, the government can only guide farmers in the planting direction, but it has not yet been able to form a contiguous large-scale planting and improve farmers' ability to resist risks in planting. .
3. Poor disaster resistance and high planting risks. The baby cabbage production season is a period of high incidence of local natural disasters. In particular, baby cabbage has poorer comprehensive resistance than ordinary Chinese cabbage and is weak in resisting natural disasters. For example, low temperatures in early spring are prone to bolting, and high temperatures in July-August are prone to disease, which affects the yield of baby cabbage. Low. This has greatly affected farmers' enthusiasm for planting baby cabbage.
IV. Opinions or Suggestions
1. Make full use of the storage adjustment function of vegetable cold storage in the region, play an active role in stabilizing vegetable prices, adjust vegetable market supply in the off-season, and ensure the quantity of vegetable reserves. , give full play to regional advantages, actively support leading agricultural enterprises and farmers' professional cooperative organizations, and cultivate and strengthen the "Hongguwa" vegetable brand.
2. Increase government support. The first is to strengthen support for leading enterprises and rely on enterprises to drive the healthy development of the entire industry. Baby cabbage is naturally kept fresh and has limited shelf sales. It is necessary to have large leading enterprises to process the primary products of baby cabbage in a timely manner. Without the leadership of leading enterprises, it will put great pressure on sales and damage farmers' enthusiasm for growing baby cabbage. The second step is to strengthen the selection and promotion of varieties, and introduce and select varieties that are quick to wrap, have high quality, and have neat dishes to form characteristic varieties. Thirdly, in order to promote the further development of baby cabbage, industry policies must be adjusted in a timely manner, especially to appropriately reduce the approval environment for recognized premium varieties and accelerate the transformation of premium varieties.
3. Seize the leading position and activate circulation, and strive to achieve results in promoting agricultural industrialization. Actively open up the vegetable sales market, continuously consolidate and expand the southeast coastal market, further improve the existing agricultural product market supporting facilities, accelerate the construction of the XX District agricultural product logistics center, and form a fast and efficient agricultural product circulation system. Actively develop new circulation formats, support the construction of agricultural supplies supermarkets and farm stores, and support leading enterprises and farmers' professional cooperative organizations to directly distribute agricultural products to urban supermarkets and community markets to achieve "agricultural-supermarket docking."
4. It is recommended that the government set up farmers' planting risk funds, with the government and individuals raising funds in a certain proportion and participating in the socialized insurance of the planting industry to maximize farmers' ability to resist risks and protect farmers' interests.
Through the above introduction, we now know what the prospects are for growing baby cabbage. The price of baby cabbage has always been relatively stable, so many farmers continue to plant it, accounting for more than 70% of the vegetable planting area. This is how farmers become rich. an important way.
Baby cabbage is a small vegetable that looks like Chinese cabbage. It has high nutritional value and is generally used for hot pot or stir-frying. So how can you grow it to achieve high yields? In fact, the method is very simple, just master the following four high-yield cultivation techniques.
NO.1 Soil
Compared with Chinese cabbage, baby cabbage has poorer cold resistance, so sow it as early as possible. If the weather gets cold, it will naturally It will affect its growth, but you can plant some on the balcony. The temperature on the balcony is not very low and will not be affected by the temperature!
NO.2 Fertilization
Before planting, you should choose a better soil, apply some organic fertilizer on the soil, and then mix it evenly. It can be bean cake fertilizer, bone meal or plant ash. You can wait for fertilizer! If you find it troublesome to make your own fertilizer, you can apply Trim microbial fertilizer to fix nitrogen, decompose phosphorus and potassium to provide sufficient nutrients! The longer the dish, the better!
NO.3 Sowing
The seeds of baby cabbage are relatively small. You can soak them in water before sowing, so that the sprouts will be greener. Spread them in the soil and cover them with a thin layer of soil. , pour water once, cover with a layer of plastic wrap and poke a few small holes to reduce water and maintain soil temperature. In about a week, baby cabbage seedlings will grow! Just take off the film after it grows out!
NO.4 Management
Baby cabbage grows very fast and requires a lot of water and fertilizer during the growth period, so pay attention to watering in time and keep the soil in a relatively stable state when planting. In a humid state, baby cabbage has more leaves and evaporates quickly, so it can grow better!
After the baby cabbage seedlings come out, they need to be sorted out. If the place is too dense, the seedlings need to be thinned out so that each vegetable has enough light. In addition to watering, fertilizer is also very important. Appropriate Use some microbial inoculants and fruit and vegetable fertilizers, and the effect will be better!
The main factors for the growth of baby cabbage are water, fertilizer management and light. If enough water and fertilizer are ensured during the planting process, it will grow very well and can be harvested in a large pot. The above are the detailed key tips for high-yield cultivation of baby cabbage. All growers should learn about it quickly.