The most famous is Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, which implemented a preferential policy of half price in May 2009, 80 yuan/Zhang. From July 1, full price 160 yuan/piece. Every June 1 65438+1October1On April 30th of the following year, everyone in 80 yuan will go to see the Crescent Moon Spring in Mingsha Mountain. The best answer is Mingsha Mountain-Yueya Spring Scenic Area, located 5 kilometers south of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. Throughout the ages, it is famous for its wonderful landscape of "mountain springs and sand water" and is known as "one of the scenic spots beyond the Great Wall". 1994 was designated as a national key scenic spot. The artistic landscapes of Mingsha Mountain, Crescent Moon Spring and Mogao Grottoes are integrated, which are the "two wonders" connecting the south of Dunhuang and become the tourist attractions that people in China and even the world yearn for.
Mingsha Mountain is named after the sound of sand. It was called "Shajiao Mountain" and "Shensha Mountain" in ancient times. The mountain is made of quicksand, which is about 40km long from east to west and 20km wide from north to south, with the highest elevation of1715m. Its mountain is adjacent to the sand ridge, and its peak is like a blade. From a distance, it looks like a dragon winding into a dragon, and it looks like waves in the sea, which is very spectacular. The sand is pink, yellow, green, white and black, glittering and translucent, without a trace of dust. When it encounters friction and vibration, it will make a sound, as light as a bamboo pole and as heavy as thunder. Crescent Spring is surrounded by Mingsha Mountain, so it is named after its crescent shape. In ancient times, it was called "Shajing", also known as "Yaoquan", which was misrepresented as "Wowachi" and renamed as "Crescent Moon Spring" in Qing Dynasty. The area is 0.88 hectares, the average water depth is about 3 meters, and the water quality is as sweet as a mirror. For thousands of years, the spring around Shashan Mountain has not been buried. Located in the arid desert, the spring water is not turbid or dry. There are few real figures. In spring, the star grass contains awns, the iron fish drum waves, and the mountains, water and light set each other off into interest. The scenery is very beautiful.
Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring are twin sisters in the desert Gobi. "The mountain is famous for its spirit, and the water is beautiful with spirit". When tourists come here, whether they have a bird's-eye view from the top of the mountain or walk by the spring, they will be fascinated and full of thoughts. They do have the feeling of "singing the sand and singing the mountains, and washing their hearts in the crescent spring".
Is Dunhuang in Gansu interesting?
Lead: The following is a tour guide of Dunhuang, Gansu Province, introducing the tourism situation, the best season and scenic spots in Dunhuang. Is Dunhuang fun? Let's have a look.
General situation of Dunhuang in Gansu Province
Dunhuang is located at the intersection of Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang. It is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, state-list famous historical and culture cities. It is famous for its "Dunhuang Grottoes" and "Dunhuang Murals", and it is the location of the World Heritage Mogao Grottoes and Yumenguan and Yangguan on the border of the Great Wall in Han Dynasty.
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes were listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council on 196 1, listed as a world cultural heritage protection project by UNESCO on 1987, and awarded the "World Cultural Heritage" certificate on 19 1.
The long history gave birth to the splendid ancient culture of Dunhuang. Cultural relics everywhere, numerous ancient books and documents, exquisite grotto art and mysterious strange mountains and waters make this ancient city more colorful, beautiful and brilliant.
The Best Tourism Season in Dunhuang, Gansu Province
Generally speaking, May ~ 10 is the best season for climate and tourism in Dunhuang. The new green in spring is especially gratifying in the northwest. It will be beautiful to come here in late spring and early summer if there is no disturbing sandstorm. In summer, the extreme temperature used to be close to 40℃, but it didn't feel as sultry as Beijing, probably because the air in the wilderness moves quickly, especially in the cool night with stars all over the sky, which is an unexpected gift for travelers. In addition, the flower shows all over the country are concentrated in summer. Rich in all kinds of melons and fruits, you can eat them all around August.
Grade of national key cultural relics protection units
Peak season fare 160 yuan.
Off-season 80 yuan-120 yuan
The cave, commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Cave, is located on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. It faces east in front of Dangquan River, with a length of 1680 meters from north to south and a height of 50 meters. The caves are strewn at random, row upon row, up and down to five floors. It was founded in the Sixteen Kingdoms period. During the Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties, the rulers believed in Buddhism, and the construction of grottoes was supported by princes and nobles, which developed rapidly. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the prosperity of the Silk Road, the Mogao Grottoes flourished, and there were more than a thousand caves in Wu Zetian. After the Anshi Rebellion, Dunhuang was occupied by Tubo and Guiyi Army successively, but the carving activities were not greatly affected. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xixia and Yuan Dynasty, the Mogao Grottoes gradually declined, and only the caves of the previous dynasties were rebuilt, with few new buildings. After the Yuan Dynasty, with the abandonment of the Silk Road, the construction of the Mogao Grottoes stopped and gradually disappeared into the world's field of vision. It was not until the fortieth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (170 1) that people paid attention to it again.
From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, there were 735 caves, which were divided into north and south areas. The Southern District is the main body of the Mogao Grottoes, where monks engage in religious activities. There are 487 caves with murals or statues. There are 248 caves in the North District, of which only five have murals or statues, and the rest are places where monks practice, live and bury after death, with living facilities such as heatable adobe sleeping platform, stove kang, flue, niche and desk lamp. There are murals and statues in 492 caves in the two districts, including 45,000 square meters of murals, 24 15 clay sculptures, 5 wooden cornices in Tang and Song Dynasties, and thousands of lotus columns and floor tiles.
This cave is a great art palace and an encyclopedia of images. Mogao Grottoes 196 1 were listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. 1987 was listed as a world cultural heritage protection project by UNESCO, and was awarded the "World Cultural Heritage" certificate on 199 1.
Dunhuang tourist attraction-Crescent Spring in Mingsha Mountain
Grade of national key cultural relics protection units
Ticket price peak season 120 yuan, off-season 60 yuan.
Small traffic motorcycle
Mingsha Mountain, 5 kilometers south of Dunhuang, is named after the sound of quicksand. In a green basin surrounded by Mingsha Mountain peaks, there is a crescent-shaped clear water, which is called the first spring in the desert in the world. Fire and water are always incompatible, and desert springs are hard to exist, while crescent springs fall in the yellow sand like a crescent moon.
With the vigorous development of tourism, the local government has taken various construction and protection measures for the scenic spot, which has greatly changed the face of the scenic spot. At the same time, it also carried out desert entertainment projects such as sand skiing, gliding skydiving and camel riding, which made tourists interested and endless.
Fire and water are always incompatible, and desert springs are hard to exist. But in Mingsha Mountain, you can see the wonders of the clear spring in the desert, which is the first spring in the desert-Crescent Spring. The crescent spring is like the crescent moon on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, which falls in the yellow sand. The spring water is cool and clear, sweet and delicious. It has been lying quietly in the arms of the sand mountain for thousands of years. Although it is often attacked by strong winds and fierce sand, it is still rippling and flowing. This is a well-deserved first spring in the desert.
Ya Dan Geopark, a tourist resort in Dunhuang.
AAAA grade
Ticket price: 50 yuan, you need to pay extra for sightseeing bus, and 20 yuan.
Ya Dan Geopark in Dunhuang, Gansu Province covers an area of 400 square kilometers, with a length of 25 kilometers from east to west, a width of 18 kilometers from north to south and an altitude of 8 10-970 meters. It is a precious wealth endowed by nature and a non-renewable geological heritage. Ya Dan landform is dominant, and the overall trend is nearly north and south. The southern region is dominated by wind erosion valleys, wind erosion residual hills and wind erosion columns. , relatively dispersed, the overall trend is east-west. It is a landscape of Ya Dan dominated by wind erosion.
In Ya Dan Geopark, there are various wind erosion landforms with peculiar shapes, such as "yurts", "camels", "stone birds", "stone men", "stone buddhas" and "stone horses", which are various and lifelike. It is like an ancient medieval city, and many famous buildings in the world can find its miniature here, which makes the world stare. At night, the sharp strong wind howled in horror, just like thousands of wild animals growling, which was creepy, hence the name "Ghost Town".
Dunhuang ghost town is a part of ancient lop Nur. It belongs to desert plain area, with abundant sunshine, less rainfall and large evaporation. There is wind all year round, and the maximum wind force can reach more than 12. Geologically, it is located in the center of Dunhuang-Shulehe fault basin in Cenozoic (about 65 million years ago). The rocks of Ya Dan landform were formed in the Middle Pleistocene about 700,000 years ago, and they are a set of sandy and muddy sediments of fluvial and lacustrine facies. Colors are gray, grayish green and khaki. The central bedding of the ancient basin is horizontal and the marginal bedding is staggered, and many insect trace fossils are preserved locally, showing the characteristics of ancient rivers and lakes. Due to the horizontal occurrence of rock strata and the development of vertical joints, various wind erosion landforms in Ya Dan were formed in the long-term weathering of soft rock strata in natural storms.
The above is a travel guide to Dunhuang, Gansu. I hope you like it.
Introduction of scenic spots in Mogao grottoes
Introduction of scenic spots in Mogao grottoes
Although the Mogao Grottoes have been invaded by nature and destroyed by human beings in the long years, there are still 492 caves in the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, with more than 45,000 square meters of murals and more than 2,000 colored sculptures, making it the largest treasure house of Buddhist art in the world. Next, I will introduce the tourist attractions of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, hoping to help you!
Special reminder
At present, Mogao Grottoes can only visit 10 Grottoes and two exhibition centers. On public holidays, you can visit five grottoes.
Photographing is forbidden in Mogao Grottoes; The cave is not open in rainy days; It is best to bring a flashlight when visiting (you can also rent it outside the scenic spot).
It is best to visit the Mogao Grottoes in the early morning, because the number of visitors is limited and the light is better in the morning.
It is best to read an introduction about the Mogao Grottoes, otherwise it is difficult to understand the mystery of grotto statues and murals.
During the peak season of Mogao Grottoes, domestic guests 160 yuan, foreign guests 180 yuan (20 yuan is the explanation fee).
In the off-season of Mogao Grottoes, the guest is 80 yuan, and the foreign guest 100 yuan.
The opening hours of the Mogao Grottoes are 9:00- 17:00.
You can take a taxi from Dunhuang to the Mogao Grottoes. One way around 35 yuan, the car is a little more expensive. In addition, there are many direct flights between China and Pakistan to the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. If you stay late in the cave, you can take a minibus to pick up the staff after 6 o'clock, which costs 5 yuan per person. If you want to go in the peak season, you can take the green bus near Dunhuang Hotel, and the fare is 2 yuan.
Mo Kao Grotto at Dunhuang
The inner wall of the Tibetan Sutra Cave is painted with images of bodhi trees and maids. Among them, there is a Zen-bed-style low altar and a stone tablet. The confession tablet of Hongbian, a famous monk, is a tablet that records Hongbian's life story (as for the statue of Hongbian, it was not found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave, but was placed elsewhere, because the researcher found Hongbian's name and a small bag of ashes in the statue and placed it in the Tibetan Sutra Cave).
Buddhist scriptures in Mogao Grottoes are very important discoveries in the archaeological history of China. Most unearthed documents are written, and a few are engraved. About five-sixths of them are written in Chinese, and others are in ancient Tibetan, Sanskrit, Qilu, Sogdian, Hehe, Qiuci and so on. The contents of the literature are mainly Buddhist scriptures, in addition to Taoist scriptures, Confucian classics, novels, poems, historical records, cadastres, account books, calendars, deeds, letters, plays and so on. Many of them are unique, unique. These are of great historical data and scientific value to the study of the history of China and Central Asia, and thus form a discipline-Dunhuang studies, which focuses on the study of Tibetan scriptures and the art of Dunhuang grottoes.
In 1900, more than 50,000 pieces of classics, history, books, collections and other documents from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty were found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave (now 17 Cave). Mogao Grottoes is the largest Buddhist cave temple in the world with the richest content, the most exquisite art and the most complete preservation. China Grottoes originated from India. The traditional grottoes in India are mainly stone carvings, while the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang are mainly clay murals because rocks are not suitable for carving. Generally, the whole cave used to be round, and then it gradually faded into high plastic, shadow plastic and wall plastic. Finally, with the mural as the background, the two arts of plastic and painting were combined.
There are more than 1,000 caves in the Tang Dynasty, and there are 492 existing caves, including 32 caves in Wei Dynasty, 247 caves in Tang Dynasty, 36 caves in the Five Dynasties, 45 caves in Song Dynasty, 8 caves in Yuan Dynasty, 45,000 square meters of murals and 241. Mogao Grottoes is the largest existing "world art treasure house", and 19871February was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. The artistic features of the Mogao Grottoes are manifested in the organic combination of architecture, statues and murals. Cave-shaped organizational system is divided into Zen Cave, Palace Cave, Tower Temple Cave, Dome Cave and Shadow Cave. Colored plastics are divided into round plastics, floating plastics, shadow plastics and good plastics. Murals are divided into statue paintings, historical paintings, story paintings, Buddhist historical paintings, architectural paintings, landscape paintings, animal paintings, decorative paintings and other different contents, which systematically reflect all aspects of cultural exchanges between the East and the West in more than ten dynasties, such as Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasty, and have become rare cultural treasures for mankind.
The largest cave is more than 40 meters high and 30 meters square. The smallest one is not tall enough. Statues are clay sculptures and colored sculptures, with a single image and a group image. Buddha statues are among people, with disciples, bodhisattvas, heavenly kings and mighty men standing on both sides, ranging from 3 to 1 1. Maximum 33m, minimum 10 cm. More exaggerated colors are used to express the characters' personalities, and their expressions are different. Murals include Buddha statues, Buddhist monuments, classics, myths, patron saints and other themes and decorative patterns. The oldest map, Wutai Mountain map, is more than 40 square meters. From a flower, a leaf, a god and a Buddha to the travel map of Zhang Yichao and his wife showing the activities of local historical figures at that time, the composition is fine and lifelike. This cave is resplendent and magnificent. If the pictures are arranged at a height of 2 meters, a gallery with a length of 25 kilometers can be formed, which is the largest and richest grotto art treasure house in China. Since 1900, more than 50,000 volumes of religious and secular documents in Buddhist scriptures were discovered in the Mogao grottoes, Dunhuang art has shocked the whole world, and "Dunhuang studies" has become a world-renowned school. Unfortunately, due to the ignorance of the Taoist king who presided over the Mogao Grottoes at that time, almost all these treasures were stolen abroad. Now, at the foot of Sanxian Mountain opposite the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang Research Institute has built the Dunhuang Art Exhibition Center with Japanese donations, and copied some original large grottoes, making the viewing contents of tourists in the Mogao Grottoes more colorful.
Introduction of tourist attractions in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes
Mo Kao Grotto at Dunhuang
Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu are also called the four major grottoes in China. Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes and Chongqing Dazu Stone Carvings are the four largest grottoes in China that have been listed as World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.
The Mogao Grottoes were built during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. According to the Tang Dynasty's "Li Kerang Rebuilds the Monument of Mogao Grottoes", in 366 AD, two years before the founding of the Qin Dynasty, monks passed by this mountain and suddenly saw the golden light shining like Buddha, so they dug the first grotto on the rock wall. Since then, Zen master Fa Liang and others have continued to build caves here to practice, which are called "desert grottoes", meaning "high places in the desert". Later generations renamed it "Mogao Grottoes" because of the common "desert" and "Mo". During the Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties, the rulers believed in Buddhism, and the construction of grottoes was supported by princes and nobles, which developed rapidly. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the prosperity of the Silk Road, the Mogao Grottoes flourished, and there were more than a thousand caves in Wu Zetian. Therefore, later generations also called it "Thousand Buddha Cave". After the Anshi Rebellion, Dunhuang was occupied by Tubo and Guiyi Army successively, but the carving activities were not greatly affected. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xixia and Yuan Dynasty, the Mogao Grottoes gradually declined, and only the caves of the previous dynasties were rebuilt, with few new buildings. After the Yuan Dynasty, with the abandonment of the Silk Road, the construction of the Mogao Grottoes stopped and gradually disappeared into the world's field of vision. It was not until the fortieth year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (170 1 year) that people paid attention to it again.
Rock cave
Mogao Grottoes is a large-scale cave temple with murals as the main part and statues as the auxiliary part, which integrates painting, sculpture and architectural art. Its grottoes mainly include Zen Grottoes, Central Pagoda Grottoes, Palace Grottoes, Central Buddhist Grottoes, Four-walled Three-niche Grottoes, Elephant Grottoes and Nie Grottoes. The size of caves varies greatly, with the largest cave 16 reaching 268 square meters and the smallest cave 37 less than one foot high. The original wooden temples outside the grottoes were connected by cloisters and plank roads, but many of them no longer exist.
Mo Kao Grotto at Dunhuang
Cave 96 is the highest cave in the Mogao Grottoes, and its "nine floors" is the landmark building of the Mogao Grottoes, with a height of 33 meters. It is a nine-story canopy, also known as the "North Elephant", which is in the middle of the cliff cave, as high as the cliff top and magnificent. Its wood structure is red, the eaves are high, the outline is patchy, and the eaves ring with the wind. In the meantime, there is a sitting statue of Maitreya Buddha, 35.6 meters high, painted with stone tires and clay sculptures. It is the third largest sitting Buddha in China after Leshan Giant Buddha and Rongxian Giant Buddha. The space for accommodating the giant Buddha is large at the bottom and small at the top, and the plane is square. There are two passages outside the building, which can not only be used to watch the nearby giant Buddha, but also be used as the light source for the head and waist of the giant Buddha. The eaves of this cave existed before the first year of Tang Wende (888), when it was five stories. In the fourth year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (966) and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to four floors. 1935 was rebuilt again, forming the current 9-story model.
wall painting
The murals of Mogao Grottoes are painted on the walls, roofs and shrines of the caves, with profound contents, including seven themes, such as Buddha statues, Buddhist stories, Buddhist historical sites, changes, immortals, patrons and decorative patterns. In addition, there are many paintings that show all aspects of social life at that time, such as hunting, farming, textiles, transportation, war, architecture, dancing, weddings and funerals. Some of these paintings are bold and broad, and some are magnificent and gorgeous, reflecting the artistic styles and characteristics of different periods. Most of China's paintings before the Five Dynasties have been lost. The murals in the Mogao Grottoes provide important objects for studying the art history of China and extremely valuable images and patterns for studying the ancient customs of China. According to calculation, if these murals are arranged at a height of 2 meters, they can be arranged for up to 25 kilometers.
carve
The cliff where the Mogao Grottoes are located has soft soil and is not suitable for making stone carvings. Therefore, the statues of Mogao Grottoes are all made of wooden bones except four giant buddhas made of stone tires. Statues are Buddhist gods and Buddhists, and there are many combinations such as single portrait and collective portrait. Group images are generally centered on Buddha, including disciples, bodhisattvas, heavenly kings, lux and so on. Both sides, ranging from 3 to 1 1. Color plastic forms include round plastic, floating plastic, shadow plastic and fine plastic. These statues are exquisite, vivid, imaginative and profound, which complement each other with murals.
There are 492 existing grottoes with murals and sculptures in Mogao Grottoes, which can be roughly divided into four periods: Northern Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Xixia and Yuan Dynasty.
There were 36 caves excavated in the Northern Dynasties, among which the earliest caves 268, 272 and 275 were probably built in Beiliang. Grottoes mainly include Zen Grottoes, Central Pagoda Grottoes and Palace Grottoes. There are two kinds of colored sculptures: round sculptures and shadow sculptures. The contents of murals include Buddha statues, Buddhist stories, monsters and patrons. In this period, the shadow play sculptures were mainly flying in the sky, offering sacrifices to bodhisattvas and thousands of buddhas. At first, most of the round carvings were a combination of one Buddha and two bodhisattvas, and later two disciples were added. The characters in the statue are vigorous, dignified and quiet, with simple and heavy style. Early murals were based on earth red, and then painted with green and white. The colors are warm and heavy, the lines are simple and vigorous, and the figures are tall and straight, which has the characteristics of Buddhism in the western regions. After the Western Wei Dynasty, the background color was mostly white, the tone tended to be elegant, the style was free and easy, and it had the wind of the Central Plains. Typical caves are Cave 249, Cave 259, Cave 285 and Cave 428.
The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of the development of Mogao Grottoes, with more than 300 existing caves. Zen Grottoes and Central Pagoda Grottoes gradually disappeared during this period, but at the same time, a large number of forms appeared, such as palace grottoes, Buddhist altar grottoes, four-walled three-niche grottoes and elephant grottoes, among which the number of palace grottoes was the largest. Statues are all round, with rich shapes and primitive styles, and there are tall statues that were not available in the previous generation. Most of the group images consist of seven or nine statues. There were mainly one Buddha, two disciples, two bodhisattvas or four bodhisattvas in the Sui Dynasty. In the Tang dynasty, there were mainly one Buddha, two disciples, two bodhisattvas and two heavenly kings, and some of them added two Lu. The murals of Mogao Grottoes in this period have rich themes, magnificent scenes and magnificent colors, and their artistic skills have reached an unprecedented level. The contents mainly include Buddha statues, historical changes, Buddhist historical sites, Buddhist stories, patrons and so on.
There were more than 100 caves in the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, most of which were reconstructed and redrawn in the previous dynasty, and their shapes were mainly Buddhist temples and temples. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, the Zhang family and Cao Shi family who ruled Dunhuang believed in Buddhism and made great contributions to the Mogao Grottoes. Therefore, a large number of portraits of patrons appeared at this stage, and the content was rich. Statues and murals all followed the style of the late Tang Dynasty, but in the later period, their forms became more formulaic and the level of artistic skills declined. The typical grottoes in this period are 6 1 grottoes and 98 grottoes, among which the largest mural in Mogao grottoes, Wutai Mountain Map 6 1 grottoes, is 5m high and 13.5m long, depicting the mountains and rivers, temples, pavilions and pavilions around Wutai Mountain in Shanxi, with great momentum.
There are 85 caves in Xixia and Yuan Dynasty in Mogao Grottoes. There are 77 caves in Xixia, most of which are caves of the previous dynasty. Cave shapes and mural carvings basically follow the style of the previous dynasty. The image of Uighur king appeared in some caves in the middle period of Xixia, which may be related to Uighur. In the late Xixia period, Tibetan tantric content appeared in murals. There were only eight caves in the Yuan Dynasty, all of which were newly excavated, with the shape of a square cave and a circular altar. Murals and sculptures are basically related to Tibetan tantra. Typical caves are Cave 3, Cave 6 1 and Cave 465.
A cave where Buddhist scriptures are preserved
/kloc-in 0/900, Wang Yuan, a Taoist living in the Mogao grottoes, carried out a large-scale cleaning in order to transform some abandoned caves into Taoist temples. He happened to find a small door on the wall of the tunnel on the north side when he was cleaning the mud for Cave 16 (now numbered). After it was opened, a square cave room (now cave 17) appeared, which spanned from the 4th century to 1 1 century (that is, sixteen countries to sixteen countries).
Introduction of scenic spots in Mogao grottoes
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes were built in the second year of Qin Jianyuan (AD 366). It is a world-famous treasure house of Buddhist art and a wonderful flower with a history of more than 600 years/kloc-0. Although the Mogao Grottoes suffered from natural invasion and man-made destruction in the long years, they still preserved 492 caves from the late Sixteen Kingdoms to the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, with 24 15 colored sculptures, more than 45,000 square meters of murals and 5 wooden buildings in Tang and Song Dynasties. It is the largest and best-preserved Buddhist art cave in the world.
The art of Mogao Grottoes is a comprehensive art integrating architecture, painted sculptures and murals. It is the largest and most complete treasure house of Buddhist art in China and even in the world. 199 1 is listed as "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO. Mogao Grottoes is a great art palace and an encyclopedia of images. It shows people the social and historical picture from the 4th century to14th century with a large number of superb murals. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Cave, is located on the cliff beside the Dangquan River at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, with a length of about 1600 meters from north to south.
196 1 year, the State Council announced Dunhuang Mogao grottoes as national key cultural relics protection units; 1987, UNESCO listed this period as a world cultural heritage protection project. The art of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes includes four parts: architectural art, colored plastic art, mural art and Dunhuang literature. It is a three-dimensional art integrating architecture, sculpture and painting. Its content is extremely rich.
On the basis of inheriting the excellent artistic traditions of the Han nationality in the Central Plains and the brotherly nationalities in the Western Regions, ancient folk artists absorbed and integrated foreign expressions, and developed into a Buddhist art with China national style with Dunhuang local characteristics. These large-scale and breathtaking religious works of art provide massive and precious materials for the study of China's ancient politics, economy, culture, military affairs, geography, religion, social life, ethnic relations, friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries, and cultural exchanges. They are eternal cultural treasures and spiritual wealth of mankind.
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