Hand, foot and mouth disease is a major threat to children's health, this kind of disease is very contagious, the child if you can not timely and effective treatment may be very big physical harm. So what are the initial symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease? What are the symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease? The following one to understand it!

The initial symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease is actually more obvious, usually the child's hand, foot and mouth will be some of the herpes, if there are such symptoms must be actively treated. The best time for treatment should not be delayed.

What are the early symptoms of HFMD

In the early stages of HFMD, children will first have fever, coughing and drooling like an upper respiratory tract infection. Some children may have nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. Later, oval or pike-shaped blisters appear on the backs of the fingers and toes of the hands and feet, and there is a red halo around the blisters The fluid in the blisters is clear, and the long axis of the blisters is in line with the skin pattern.

Then the center depression of the blister turns yellow, dries, and peels off (desquamation), in addition to scattered firmer light red papules or herpes on the ends of the fingers and toes.

At the same time in the mouth, such as lips, tongue oral mucosa, gums, there are also scattered blisters, but the blisters in the mouth quickly burst and formed gray-white dots or gray-white layer of membrane with a red halo around it, in the gray-white membrane can be seen under the punctate or flaky vesicles.

Hand, foot and mouth disease incubation period

Hand, foot and mouth disease incubation period is usually 3-6 days, the onset of the initial symptoms similar to a cold, such as fever, cough, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, etc., fever can last 4-5 days. Among the other symptoms of HFMD, the oral mucous membrane rash appears relatively early, initially corn-like macular papules or blisters, surrounded by a red halo, usually without pain and itching, and leaves no trace after healing.

In addition, there will be painful ulcers in the mouth, resulting in difficulty swallowing, loss of appetite; hands and feet and other distal parts of the maculopapular rash or herpes appeared or flat or convex, the rash is not itchy, the maculopapular rash in about 5 days from red to dark, and then subside. Complications of HFMD are uncommon, and in rare cases, viral meningitis is triggered.

Causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease

Hand, foot, and mouth disease usually develops because of a viral infection, many times caused by a child's failure to pay attention to hygiene. Because HFMD is very contagious and many are infected, it is important to pay attention to your child's hygiene.

The pathogens that cause HFMD are mainly small RNA viruses, enteroviruses, coxsackieviruses A group 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 16, etc., group B, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; enterovirus 71; echovirus and so on. Among them, enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 are more common.

Enterovirus is suitable for survival and transmission in a humid, hot environment, ether, dechlorocholate and other insensitive, 75% alcohol and 5% Lysol can not be inactivated, but sensitive to ultraviolet light and drying. Various oxidizing agents (potassium permanganate, bleach, etc.), formaldehyde, iodine can inactivate the virus.

The virus can be rapidly inactivated at 50 ℃, but 1 mol concentration of divalent cation environment can improve the resistance of the virus to heat inactivation, the virus can survive for 1 year at 4 ℃, at -20 ℃ can be stored for a long time, the virus can survive for a long time in the external environment.

Hand, foot and mouth disease symptoms

1, general symptoms

(1) acute onset, incubation period of 3-5 days, with low fever, general malaise, abdominal pain and other prodromal symptoms. Oral mucosa appear scattered painful corn grain to mung bean size blisters, hands and feet appear maculopapular rash, herpes, initially maculopapular rash, later transformed into a herpes, round or oval, about 3-7mm such as the size of a grain of rice, smaller than the chickenpox rash, hard texture, surrounded by a red halo, the blisters of liquid is less, in the grayish-white membrane can be seen under the punctate or flaky vesicle surface. After the rash subsides, there is no scar or pigmentation, and secondary infections often aggravate the skin damage.

(2) In addition to the hands, feet and mouth, but also in the buttocks and near the anus, occasionally seen in the trunk and limbs appear herpes, a few days after the drying, subside, the rash is not itchy, no pain.

(3) Individual children may develop generalized papules and blisters with aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and myocarditis. It may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms.

(4) Some cases show only rash or herpetic pharyngitis. The full course of the disease is about 5-10 days, and most of them can be self-cured with good prognosis and no sequelae.

2. Severe cases

A few cases (especially those younger than 3 years old) may develop encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, meningitis, pulmonary edema, and circulatory failure.

(1) Respiratory manifestations are: shallow and difficult breathing, change of respiratory rhythm, cyanosis of lips and mouth, spitting white, pink or bloody foamy liquid (sputum), and sputum sounds or wet rhonchi can be heard in the lungs.

(2)Neurological manifestations: poor spirit, lethargy, headache, vomiting, easy to startle, limb shaking, weakness or paralysis; examination can be seen in meningeal irritation, tendon reflexes are weakened or disappeared; critical cases can be manifested as frequent convulsions, coma, cerebral edema, cerebral hernia.

(3) Circulatory system manifestations: pallor, increased or slow heart rate, shallow, weakened or even disappeared pulse, cold extremities, cyanosis of fingers (toes), blood pressure increased or decreased.

Hand, foot and mouth disease spread

Hand, foot and mouth disease spread very much, for these ways of spreading we must pay attention to try to avoid being infected, in addition to should pay attention to. Pay attention to the child's common utensils hygiene, as little as possible contact with some unhygienic toys and so on.

1, the mode of transmission

Hand, foot and mouth disease spread in various ways, through the crowd close contact transmission. The virus can be transmitted through saliva, herpes fluid, feces and other contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, dental cups, toys, eating utensils, milk utensils, and bedding, underwear, etc. caused by indirect contact; the patient's throat secretions and saliva in the virus can be transmitted through droplets; such as contact with the virus-contaminated water sources, can also be infected by water; outpatient cross-infection and oral instrumentation disinfection is also one of the causes of the spread of substandard.

2, susceptible population

The population of the enterovirus that causes HFMD is generally susceptible, and can obtain immunity after infection. Due to the lack of cross-protective power of antibodies after infection of different pathogenic types, the population can be repeatedly infected with the onset of the disease, and most of the adults have already obtained the corresponding antibodies through hidden infection, therefore, patients with hand-foot-mouth disease are mainly preschool children, especially in the ≤3 years old age group with the highest incidence rate. According to foreign literature, every 2-3 years in the population can be an epidemic.

3, the epidemic

Hand, foot and mouth disease is widely distributed, there is no strict regional. It can occur in all seasons, and is more common in spring and summer, and less common in winter. During epidemics, kindergartens and nurseries are prone to collective infections. There are also clusters of such cases in families. Cross-infection in hospital outpatient clinics and poor sterilization of oral instruments can also cause transmission. This disease is highly contagious, complex transmission channels, epidemic intensity, rapid transmission, in a short period of time can cause a pandemic.

Hand, foot and mouth disease early symptoms we are not aware of it, hand, foot and mouth disease if it is the early stage of timely treatment recovery is fast, if you have been dragging may be a great health hazard. The most important thing is to actively prevent it, and try to isolate the spread of hand, foot and mouth disease.