The Boer goat is good forageability, good geographical adaptability, low feeding costs, high economic value, good meat quality, less fat Boer goat adult weight of 105-135 kilograms of rams, ewes 90-100 kilograms, twice as big as the average goat (the average goat adult ram 50 kilograms, ewes 43 kilograms), the meat yield is large, the slaughter rate is high, and the slaughter rate is high. The meat production is large, the slaughter rate is as high as 50% to 55% (the slaughter rate of ordinary goats is about 40%), and the early growth rate is fast.
(B) black goat
Black goat muscle fiber fine, hardness is small, tender meat, taste delicious, stink is very small, high nutritional value, protein content of 22.6% or more, the fat content is less than 3%, cholesterol content is low, lower than 75% of pork, lower than beef and sheep meat 6 2%, containing more than 15 kinds of essential amino acids, especially glutamic acid content is high, amounting to 11.03%. With nourishing yin and yang, make up for the deficiency of strong body, improve human immunity, prolong life and beauty effects, especially for the old and weak, sick people have obvious nourishing effect, young and old.
The black goat is mainly distributed in the area below 2500 meters above sea level. To the south of the Yangtze River in the central production area, for example, winter and spring windy and dry, summer and autumn rainy and humid. The average annual temperature is 15.2 ℃, the highest (July) temperature of 39.9 ℃, the lowest (January) temperature of -5.8 ℃, annual precipitation of 1137.2 mm, mostly concentrated in June to October, evaporation of 1834.2 mm, the average annual relative humidity of 69 ~ 70%, frost-free period of about 200 days. The production area is vast, grassy hills and grassy slopes are large, and the grassland vegetation coverage is 40-50% (the high one reaches 80%). Pasture species are many, with grass-based pasture, other weeds and legume pasture. The soil is dominated by red loam and yellow loam. Crops are cooked once a year, and in some places can be cooked twice a year, and along the Jinsha River valley can be cooked three times, mainly rice, wheat, corn, miscellaneous grains and beans.
Nutritional analysis: 1. Black goat meat is rich in protein, amino acid composition closer to the human body needs, can improve the body's ability to resist disease, growth and development and post-surgery, post-disease recuperation of people in the supplement blood loss, repair of tissues, etc., especially suitable for cold winter food lamb can warm the stomach, is the season's tonic good; 2 black goat meat has a tonic in the qi, nourish the spleen and stomach, strengthen the muscles, phlegm and wind, thirst and mouth. It is suitable for people who consume in the middle of qi, shortness of qi, weakness of muscles and bones, anemia, anemia, and yellow face and eyes; 3. Black goat meat can calm the fetus and replenish the spirit, black goat meat can calm the middle of qi, nourish the spleen and stomach, and strengthen the tendons and bones. Remarks 1. Fresh black goat meat is glossy, with even and slightly dark red color, white or light yellow fat, slightly dry or air-dried film on the outside, non-sticky, good elasticity and fresh meat flavor. Old black goat meat color dark red, thick; tender black goat meat color light red, firm and fine, elastic.
Breed characteristics of the black goat: black goat body is medium-sized, well-proportioned body, slightly rectangular. The head is triangular, nose straight, two ears tilted forward, the vast majority of rams and ewes have horns and beards, ram horns are thick, sickle-shaped, slightly twisted to the back and outside, ewes have smaller horns, more to the back and above the bend, twisted to the outside. The wool coat is glossy, and the black goats are all black. The inner layer of the hair coat grows with short and sparse downy hair.
Growth and reproduction
1. High reproductive performance:
Rams start breeding at 8-10 months of age and ewes at 6-7 months of age. Ewes generally produce 1.7 tires per year. Lambing rate: 193% at first birth, 246% at 2-4 births. Newborn and bi-monthly weights: male lambs 2.35kg and 12.5kg, ewes 2.22kg and 12.3kg.
Fast-growing black goats
2. Fast growth and development:
Body weight and height at 6 months of age: 25.5kg and 58.2cm for males, and 23.8kg and 55.1cm for ewes; at 12 months of age: 37.2kg and 65.8cm for males; and at 12 months of age: 37.2kg and 65.8cm for males, and 23.8kg and 55.1cm for females. 37.2kg and 65.8cm for rams and 34.9kg and 60.7cm for ewes; adult weight and height, 74.6kg and 76.7cm for rams, up to 125kg, and 56.2kg and 68.5cm for ewes, up to 80.5kg.
3. Meat production:
Slaughtering rate (6 months, 12 months, adult):
Ewe:
Slaughtering rate (6 months, 12 months, adult):
Ewes reached 40.87%, 47.81%, 49.17% respectively,
Rams reached 38.87 %, 49.03%, 52.76% respectively,
Castrated sheep (six, 12 months of age) reached 41.68%, 48.51% respectively;
Net Meat Rate (six, 12 months of age, adult):
Ewes reached 30.53%, 35.88%, 37.26%,
Rams reached 29.61 %, 36.06%, 39.98%,
Castrates (six, 12 months of age) reached 31.36%, 36.91%,
Castrates (six, 12 months of age) reached 31.36%, 36.91%,
Net Meat Rate (Six, 12 months of age, adult).
Breed Characteristics
The black goat is medium-sized, with a well-proportioned, slightly rectangular body. The head is triangular, the nose is straight, the two ears are tilted forward, the vast majority of male and female sheep have horns and beards, the ram's horn is thick, sickle-shaped, slightly twisted to the back and outside, and the female sheep's horns are smaller, more to the back and above the bend, twisted to the outside. The coat is glossy, mostly black, with a few white, yellow and mixed colors. The inner layer of the coat has short and sparse downy hairs.
The average height, length, chest circumference and weight of adult rams in Montenegrin sheep are 57.69±4.48 cm, 60.58±4.61 cm, 73.62±5.23 cm, and 31.05±6.00 kg, and that of adult ewes are 56.01±3.59 cm, 58.93±3.97 cm, 70.67±5.01 cm, respectively. 28.91±5.54 kg. Montenegrin goat skin plate is large, with an area of 5000-6400 square centimeters. The thickness is even and rich in elasticity. Black goat has the characteristics of fast growth and development, meat production performance and good quality of skin plate. Black Hills goat muscle fiber fine, tender meat, taste delicious, stink is very small, high nutritional value, was identified as a green goat breeds, by the authority of the meat analysis, protein content of up to 20%, less than 3% fat, cholesterol content of only 60mg/kg, 15 kinds of amino acid content, especially the human body must be amino acids are particularly rich, nourishing effect is very strong, long-term consumption, can make up for the deficiency, strong body, especially for the elderly, frail, and the body. Especially suitable for the old, weak, sick people, often eat black goat or with appropriate tonic drugs, in order to achieve the role of deficiency, health, prolong life. After breeding, we found that black goat is suitable for large-scale captive breeding or free-range. Black goat body pure black shiny, no miscellaneous hair, skin is green satin color, is an extremely valuable food resources.
The excellent meat and other characteristics are loved by many consumers, the hotel catering industry, meat processing industry, the demand for this rising. Known as the earth's "meat treasures". The mutton is warm and sweet, both dietary supplements, but also therapeutic, for the excellent strong food to get rid of diseases, there are beneficial to the gas to make up for the deficiency, warm in the warmth of the lower, tonifying the kidney and yang, muscle strength, increase immunity and can inhibit the growth of cancer cells, cancer prevention, anti-cancer has an important role. Because of the excellent quality of its meat, its products are popular among domestic and foreign consumers. Black goat meat products are preferred by the hotel catering industry, and the developed special dishes such as hand-torn black goat meat, black goat hot pot, small fried black goat, iron plate black goat and other flavors are praised by people. The goat has strong disease resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance, resistance to rough feeding, easy to raise.
Montenegrin goats can adapt to the temperature environment of 0-40C in the production area, high reproduction rate, generally can be two births per year, each tire can produce two lambs, breeding Montenegrin goats economic benefits is an important farming way for mountain farmers to become rich. Forage resources rich mountain farmers can vigorously develop goat production.
The warm climate, abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall, rich pasture resources, the natural ecological environment of the Yangtze River south of the cultivation of black goats and other grass-fed livestock, unique characteristics, is China's current recognition of pollution-free grass-fed meat class meat one of the local breeds of goats.
The black goat mainly feeds on natural pasture and pollution-free green plants, and its wool color is pure black, with a high and healthy body, gentle temperament, birth weight, fast growth, resistance to humidity and heat, strong resistance to disease, high rate of meat, meat quality and other advantageous characteristics, the birth of young goats weighing up to 5 kilograms, the heaviest adult goat up to 100 kilograms or so, with a high rate of 58.9% to 60% of the meat, for the best pure green meat food; and the coat is glossy, for the best quality meat food. Its fur has strong luster and is of high quality. With the improvement of people's living standard and the change of dietary structure in recent years, the market demand for goat meat as a high-protein, low-fat, low-cholesterol green and safe food is increasing, especially the black goat has become the most sought-after green meat food, which is generally favored by both domestic and foreign markets, and the demand exceeds the supply. Black goat with its easy breeding growth, high economic value, market demand, for pollution-free herbivorous meat animals, the development prospects are very broad.
Black goat-advantages
1, high reproductive performance: rams 8-10 months of age, ewes 6-7 months of age to start breeding breeding. Ewes generally give birth to 1.7 litters per year. Lambing rate: 193% at first birth, 246% at 2-4 births. Newborn and bi-monthly weights: male lambs 2.35kg and 12.5kg, ewes 2.22kg and 12.3kg.
Base for expanding breeding of black goats
2. Fast growth and development: at 6 months of age, the weight and height of rams are 25.5kg and 58.2cm, and that of ewes 23.8kg and 55.1cm; at 12 months of age, the weight and height of rams are 37.2kg and 65.8cm, and that of ewes 34.8kg and 55.1cm; and at 12 months of age, the weight and height of rams are 37.2kg and 65.8cm. 65.8cm for rams, 34.9kg and 60.7cm for ewes; adult weight and height, 74.6kg and 76.7cm for rams, with a maximum weight of 125kg, 56.2kg and 68.5cm for ewes, with a maximum weight of 80.5kg.
Black goat - breeding prospects
1, abundant labor resources China's labor resources are the most abundant in the world. China's labor resources are the richest in the world. Every year, there is a large number of surplus rural labor force flocking to the cities in large numbers, forming the trend of migrant workers during the Spring Festival every year which is most characteristic of China. Although most of them have been accepted by township and village enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, they have made great contributions to the development of the cities and the take-off of the local economy. However, we can still see that their low cultural level and limited mastery of technical skills have made it increasingly difficult for them to find jobs in the cities, and have already put some pressure on social security and social stability in the cities. How to resettle and mobilize this part of the surplus labor force is also a major problem that successive governments have to focus on solving.
Taking advantage of the good momentum of the development of black goat farming, the reasonable deployment of labor resources, sheep farming and large-scale sheep production will be an important way out.
2, rich feed resources China has grassland and grass hills and grassy slopes area of more than 400 million hm (Ministry of Agriculture, 1994), accounting for 40% of the land area, second only to Australia, ranking second in the world. And the country is practicing returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and managing the ecological environment, which will further increase the area of grassland and improve the variety of pasture.
In addition, China's agricultural areas can produce about 500 million tons of crop residues and other feed suitable for sheep production every year. All these provide a basic material basis for the development of China's meat sheep industry.
3, China has a high reproductive rate of good black goat breeds and features, such as Hunan Weiyan black goat high reproductive rate of good black goat breeds, is suitable for agricultural areas of large-scale captive breeding or stockbreeding, you can introduce high-quality black goats to vigorously promote and breeding, which is conducive to improve the economic benefits of goat farming, but also to promote the rural farming of goats and goat entrepreneurship and get rich.
4, the domestic market demand expansion With the improvement of national economic power and national living standards, economic, health, nutrition, environmental protection of food is more and more people's attention. Lamb is tender, flavorful, juicy, low cholesterol content, nutritious, more and more people selling fashion, the domestic market demand for further expansion, especially the original lower consumption of lamb in Guangdong, Fujian and other coastal provinces and municipalities, in recent years the consumption of lamb has also been a significant increase.
Black goat-market prospects
In China's southern and Southeast Asia for a long time, its unique features are the whole body black hair, fast growth and development, plate skin thick and full, soft and fine fur, high rate of lean meat, tender meat, flavorful and less stink.
With the accession to the WTO, China's agriculture will be a huge impact on the agricultural by-products to win the characteristics of the particularly necessary and urgent. From the world's export prices of meat products, since the 1990s, the price of the overall downward trend, China's pork, poultry, beef export prices declining annual average, respectively, 5.3%, 4.4%, 0.8%. Only lamb prices increased by 0.7% per year, lamb has become a bright spot in China's meat exports.
From the international market factors, the world supply and demand for mutton there is a certain amount of gap. First, the decline in European lamb production, Europe is the world's most important lamb import region, the United Kingdom due to foot-and-mouth disease mass slaughter of livestock, in 2001, European lamb production fell 10%, European lamb self-sufficiency rate from 81% to 76%; Second, in 1999, the United States was forced to abolish the restrictions on imports of lamb; Third, the main exporters of lamb production decline in 2001 Australia and New Zealand's production of sheep's meat was 800,000 tons, 2,000 tons less than the previous year.
Wool-based gradually shifted to meat-based at present, meat sheep breeding fever is rapidly expanding in our country, which is not only the focus of international sheep from wool to meat and the international market price adjustment, so that China's focus on sheep industry has also undergone a major shift from the original wool as the center of a gradual shift to the current meat sheep production-oriented industry, but also the nutritional value of mutton itself and people's decision to change the concept of consumption. A reflection of the changes in the concept of consumption.
China's sheep industry development prospects and trends: the proportion of mutton in China's consumption of meat mutton has always been in China's people like a kind of meat, especially the northern ethnic minorities for a long time to mutton as the main food. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and dietary concepts more scientific, mutton is also increasingly popular among most people in China.
First of all, the main feed for sheep is pasture, compared with the feed of other livestock, sheep feed is subject to a variety of pollution, especially pesticides, fertilizers and other substances of the least pollution, in the feed processing process, pigs, chickens and some cattle feed to add a certain amount of antibiotics, but, so far, the sheep feed has not been or basically no use of antibiotics. This indicates that lamb is a food with a high safety margin among all meats.
In fact, compared with other meats, the nutritional value of lamb is higher, the protein content is higher than pork; fat content is also lower than pork; minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and trace elements of copper, zinc, etc., the content of lamb are higher than beef and pork; and the most prominent is the low cholesterol content of lamb. Research has proved that the human body intake of excessive cholesterol, will increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in the past few years, lamb has become an increasingly popular food.
In recent years, China's total meat production in the production of mutton increased year by year, the per capita share also gradually increased, but the per capita share of mutton is only more than 2kg. Therefore, accelerate the development of China's sheep industry, to provide sheep meat production and quality is imminent.
With the improvement of national economic strength and national living standards, economic, healthy, nutritious, environmentally friendly food is more and more people's attention. Lamb is tender, flavorful, juicy, low cholesterol content, nutritious, more and more become the fashion of people's consumption, the demand for the domestic market to further expand, especially the original lamb consumption taught low in Guangdong, Fujian and other coastal provinces and cities, in recent years the consumption of lamb has also been a significant increase.
China has a large number of goat breed series, vigorously promote the development of goat reproduction, and now due to commercial intervention, blind speculation, seeking profiteering, Boer goat pushed down the dominoes, especially the Boer goat a large number of blind introduction, wrongly believed that the production of goats for meat is the same as the country to engage in the Boer goat, resulting in the country is now blossoming ultimately lead to the deformity of the development. According to the actual situation need to breed efficient and effective goat breeds, long vigorous, and strong disease resistance, early breeding rate of green goats, such as Cangshan black goat and other excellent local breeds, they are the varieties of mutton production in China, the meat quality of the excellent to provide the unique mother material, so that we can provide different domestic and foreign markets of different quality, different flavors of mutton products to provide a different system of production of mutton.
Black goat - the direction of development
Poor areas can be established through the establishment of black goat ecological farming community, to improve the level of rural public **** hygiene, the establishment of a good living environment, to achieve the pastoral industry to increase the efficiency of the practitioners to increase income.... Black goat farming in accordance with scientific planning, rational construction and the basic requirements of feeding scale, production standardization, management standardization, to carry out large-scale feeding. With the rapid and sustained development of animal husbandry, livestock and poultry diseases, environmental pollution and other issues are becoming increasingly prominent, and has become a way to accelerate the promotion of animal husbandry to change the way of production of people's **** knowledge, black goat production should be high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency, ecological, safety, recycling, "six-type" direction of animal husbandry, and to achieve the sustainable development of black goat production.
Black goat-farming technology
In recent years, with the further development of China's agricultural farming, rural straw resources, through the vigorous development of captive black goat production, improve farmers' income, and for the rural areas to comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society has laid an important foundation of support industries. Goats from grazing to housed captive breeding, the most critical technical issues, in the breeding of a lot of farmers and friends raised some questions: breeding goats in the end is a good captive or free-range good? How to build a goat pen? Which feeds do black goats eat in captivity? How to prevent the occurrence of goat disease in captivity? And so on, on these issues, black goat seedling breeding base experts put forward scientific goat farming, rational allocation of views, in the initial breeding, it is recommended that the size of the scale of goat farmers should be based on the family's comprehensive conditions, such as economic conditions, the existing labor force and arable land, the number of forage feed, etc., to decide, for the natural conditions of free-range areas can be carried out in free-range based and combined with the captive farming, so that This is conducive to the comprehensive utilization of resources.
Development of captive black goats
The construction of sheep houses should be conducive to the flock to live in peace, conducive to disease prevention, accumulation of fertilizer. Therefore, the terrain should be high and dry, with a good water source, easy drainage, wind, and is a sunny place. Sheep shed area according to the number of sheep. Generally each ram occupies 1.5 square meters, ewes 0.7-1 square meters each. Sheep shed to take the high bed type, one meter high from the ground. It is easy to use the corner strip spacer for the sheep manure to leak underneath. Each sheep should have a hay rack and a feeding trough, with the hay rack 50 centimeters above the ground and the length of the feeding trough calculated at 27 centimeters per sheep. Sheep houses and exercise yards should have a slope of 1-2% to facilitate drainage and urine and feces into the pool.
For complete captive breeding, the first thing is to meet the rich ingredients, such as pasture, straw, hay, etc. Sheep feed including green roughage, concentrate feed, dynamic feed, minerals and special feed 5 kinds. Green fodder, in addition to wild weeds, leaves, mainly artificial cultivation of high-quality pasture, ryegrass, imperial bamboo grass, cattle prodding grass, Sudan grass, string leaf pine grass and Mexican corn excellent pasture and so on. Planting grass to raise livestock can solve the source of winter forage. Roughage refers to a variety of crops harvested after the seeds of stems and leaves, such as rice straw, corn stalks, soybean stalks, pea vines, peanut vines and other agricultural by-products. It is fed to sheep after being cut finely, powdered, moistened, soaked, fermented, ammoniated, silaged and other processing and modification. Concentrated feed, also called energy protein feed. Mainly corn, barley, wheat, grains and soybean residue, bran, soybean cake, vegetable cake and other agricultural by-products. Animal feeds are fish meal, silkworm pupae, blood meal, meat residue and other high protein feeds, suitable for feeding lambs and ewes. Mineral feeds are mainly salt, bone meal, shell meal, calcium carbonate and so on. Special feed refers to urea. It can only be mixed in carbohydrate-rich and fine roughage feed, accounting for 0.02%-0.05% of the sheep's body weight. Sheep per 10 kilograms of body weight to feed urea 2-5 grams. Adequate feed, to ensure the supply of all seasons, in order to raise a good sheep.
Additionally captive selection of breed quality is also very critical, strong body, limbs, tall, well-boned sheep can be left to breed for breeding, while according to regional differences, select adaptable, disease-resistant goat breeds, such as the black goat is more suitable for the scale of captive breeding or free-range.
In the breeding at the same time pay attention to the goat preventive injection. Inoculation of goat triple vaccine or five bacteria (goat fast disease, sudden snipe, enterotoxic blood, goat black plague, lamb dysentery). Sheep internal and external parasitic diseases should take internal deworming drugs, external medicinal baths. Regular deworming and medicated baths. Daily cleaning of sheep pens. Regularly disinfect the pen. Ensure that the enclosure is warm in winter and cool in summer. Feed all kinds of feed to ensure good quality fresh, non-toxic, harmless. Drinking water should be clean and sanitary. Winter feed warm water, do not let the sheep drink ice water, sewage.
The above is a few basic aspects of captive breeding to do, effective and reasonable comprehensive allocation of resources, is the development of rural benefits of sheep important initiatives.
Black goat-feeding characteristics
Black goat due to a long and flexible thin lips, lower incisor teeth bowed outward and sharp, the upper jaw flat and firm, easy to feed cut off pasture. Montenegrin goats forage for many kinds of pasture, according to relevant statistics, in 655 kinds of plants, Montenegrin goats can use more than 500 kinds of plants, accounting for 80%, more than the rate of cattle use plants 28%. The utilization rate of black goat on crop straw with high crude fiber content can reach 70%. They like to feed on pasture grass and young branches and leaves of trees with less crude fiber and more protein. Most of the feeding time is concentrated in the daytime, and the beginning of feeding is closely related to the sunrise. Every day they only eat a large amount of food at a certain time, and at other times they ruminate and rest. It has been determined that the goats feed heavily during the early morning and dusk hours of the day. In addition, the feeding behavior of black goats varies with the seasons. Spring, pasture just sprouted, branches become green, this time the sheep foraging is not picky, summer and fall when the pasture flourished, it began to selective foraging. For grass forage, like in the flower spike foraging; for legume forage, like in the grain ripe foraging; for tree branches, leaves, like newborn, young green foraging. In the late fall, the plants turn from green to yellow, and then the black goats first pick to eat the green part. In winter, sheep to eat fallen leaves, weeds and straw-based.
Black goat-food
Sheep like to feed on leaves, such as acacia leaves, elm leaves, purple fringe acacia, aspen leaves, berry leaves, Acacia leaves, mulberry leaves, quercus leaves and so on. These leaves in the crude protein content by dry matter are about 20%, non-toxic, nutrient-rich, is the sheep to catch fat and winter fat material sources. So whenever the winter months when the sheep can not be far grazing sheep can be driven to the woods, riverbanks, roadside foraging these leaves. Some leaves contain tannin, astringent flavor, sheep do not like to eat. Oleander leaves, castor leaves, lacquer leaves are poisonous and should be strictly prohibited from feeding.
For natural pasture resources, to take the whole circle of sheep farmers have difficulties, can be used to raise sheep grazing. This method of management is relatively loose, but the heavy fetus, lactating ewes, breeding rams and fattening sheep should also be returned to the pasture after feeding a certain amount of concentrate, the rest of the sheep to pasture as a diet, the whole flock should be supplied with clean drinking water, supplemental feeding salt or human urine. Other management methods are the same as those of shelter-feeding sheep, but the following points should also be noted when grazing:
1. Train the lead sheep. Verbal control of the lead sheep to lead the team, pregnant sheep should not be driven, whipped, lambing ewes near grazing in order to facilitate lactation.
2, early spring grazing, pasture just budding, grazing is easy to cause "run green" phenomenon, so should be appropriate to extend the grazing time, while back to the pen after feeding fodder.
3, summer pasture lush, do not have to supplement. Should be appropriate far grazing, in order to facilitate the implementation of the area of rotational grazing, to protect the pasture, to prevent the occurrence of parasitic diseases. Grazing to avoid eating dewy grass, prevent dilution or swelling disease.
4, autumn pasture seeds, high nutritional value, should extend the grazing time, so that the sheep eat eat well, in order to help sheep fattening out, improve the ewe fat, to maintain a higher reproduction rate.
5, winter pasture withered, cold temperatures, cloudy days to near grazing, sunny days a little far from grazing, rainy days to choose the time to graze, freezing days do not graze, and pay attention to supplemental feeding. Grazing land selected in the wind and sunny place. Before the winter to repair the sheep house, grasp the sheep of the cold and warm work.
Available to feed sheep forage types are more, such as sweet potato vine, peanut vine, soybean stalks, vegetable leaves, etc., but its nutrition is not as good as pasture, high-quality pasture is not just a source of crude fiber, but also provides vitamins, a certain amount of protein, etc., can save the amount of concentrate feeding, so the scale of sheep should be planted a certain amount of pasture. There are many large-scale sheep farmers began to operate well, but gradually failed, most of them are not taking into account the sheep are herbivores, not planted grass resulting in a serious shortage of grass, dry grass season is to wheat straw, straw straw to fill the belly, resulting in a sheep body thin and weak. Sheep forage should be first, dry grass period should be promoted straw silage, ammonia, micro-storage and other straw feed modulation and processing technology, not only to change the palatability, improve digestibility, increase the beneficial bacteria, on the other hand, forage processing also solved the winter forage, forage shortage, forage quality is low. Circle sheep should also be supplemented with some concentrates, especially young sheep and pregnant, lactating ewes and breeding rams, and meat sheep should be supplemented before slaughter. It is advisable to feed coarse and then fine, dry and then green.
Black goat green, coarse, concentrate collocation management
Black goat is a herbivore, the feed should be pasture, leaves, supplemented by concentrate, in the summer and fall seasons, should be fed more grass, leaves or pasture (general planting of Gui Mou 1 0.15 acres can be raised to an adult sheep), grass (such as Gui Mou 1, elephant grass, corn-like, etc.) and legume (such as silver acacia, any bean tree, sandpiper) pasture feeding. The ratio of grass (such as Gui Mu No. 1, elephant grass, corn-like, etc.) and legume (such as silver acacia, Ren Dou tree, sand bark leaf, etc.) forage feeding is 4:1, with appropriate supplemental concentrate. Winter and spring forage is relatively lack of conditions, where possible, should be used to plant ryegrass winter fields for supplementation, but also through more mixed feed to solve the problem of lack of forage. Mixed reference formula: corn meal 54%, grass meal 40%, soybean or peanut cake 4%, wheat bran 2%, plus the right amount of minerals, each sheep fed 5 grams of salt per day.
Black goat-sheep pen
The construction of the sheep house should be conducive to the sheep to live in peace, conducive to disease prevention, accumulation of fertilizer. Therefore, the terrain should be high and dry, with a good water source, easy drainage, shelter from the wind, and a sunny place. Sheep shed area according to the number of sheep. Generally, each ram occupies 0.7-1.5 square meters, and each ewe 0.6-1 square meters. The sheep house adopts the high-bed type, one meter high from the ground. It is easy to use the corner strip spacer for sheep manure to leak underneath. Each sheep should have a hay rack and feeding trough, the hay rack is 50 centimeters from the ground, the length of the feeding trough is calculated at 27 centimeters per sheep.
Sheep house is the place where black goats live for a long time, and its main task is to provide safe environmental conditions for black goats. Therefore, an ideal black goat house should have the functions of preventing rain, sun, disease transmission, and wild beasts from harming the goats. According to the biological characteristics of black goats and local natural conditions, the construction of goat houses should meet the following requirements:
1. The goat house should have enough area so that the goats in the house is not too crowded, free movement. 2. Black goats should have a sports field outside the house, the area of the sports field is 2-5 times the area of the goat house. The height of the wall of the sports ground is 1.5 meters for small black goats, 2 meters for female black goats and 2.2 meters for male black goats. The sports field should be set up drinking water device, grass racks, troughs, etc. 3. Black goat house should be built into the internal dry, air circulation, sufficient light, warm in winter and cool in summer open-type goat house, the eaves height of more than 3 meters, the goat beds set up in the house off the ground 1-1.5 meters, the house should be planted outside the tree in order to facilitate the prevention of heat and cooling.
Breeding significance
There are many benefits of farming black goats. It is a small investment, quick results and high benefits. Raise a ewe, two births a year, litter 4-6, castrated and fattened, a year can earn 1200-1800 yuan. If you raise 10 ewes, you can earn 12-18,000 yuan a year, which is a very considerable economic benefit. Raising sheep can make full use of the local grassy slopes of barren mountains, pasture, green and rough fodder into livestock products. Adults and children can graze sheep, making full use of human resources. Goat meat is rich in nutrients, containing protein, fat, a variety of amino acids, minerals, urban and rural people like to eat one of the meat food. Sheep skin is a foreign exchange earning products, goat plate skin, intestines, wool, etc. is tanning, medicine, food, textile and other industrial high-quality raw materials, but also China's exports of traditional foreign exchange earning products. The price of sheepskin clothes is very high in the market. Sheep manure is an excellent organic fertilizer, an adult sheep can produce 800 kilograms of stable fertilizer, sheep accumulation of fertilizer to promote agricultural production is of great significance.
(C) two kinds of goat selection based on: 1, local adaptability; 2, feedability, roughage; 3, adult goat yield rate, meat rate.