Can be planted. The following materials are for reference only:

Nanguo pear is a bud-variant variety of Nanguo pear selected by Fushun Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has larger fruit than ordinary Nanguo pear and has better coloring. It has excellent quality and is very popular in the market. ??

The high-quality and high-yielding cultivation techniques of Hongnan pear are summarized as follows. ??

1. Build a garden. Select high-quality strong seedlings and plant rows at a spacing of 3 meters × 5 meters. Before planting, dig a planting hole of 1 meter × 1 meter × 0.8 meters. Divide the subsoil into 2 parts and mix 15 kg of farmyard manure into 1 part. When backfilling, first spread 20 cm of straw, then fill the hole with topsoil, then fill the middle with subsoil mixed with farmyard manure, and finally cover the surface with another portion of subsoil. Raise the soil platform, trample it firmly, and plant the seedlings so that the roots are higher than the ground. After the soil is solidified, the root neck is level with the ground. After planting, irrigate, dry, and then cover with mulch and bag the trunk to prevent insects and promote the germination of lateral buds to increase the survival rate. Remove the bag when the leaves sprout and spread, and weed and control pests and diseases in a timely manner in summer. Hongnanguo pears are self-flowering and do not bear fruit. You need to configure pollination trees at a ratio of 1:3-5. Choose varieties with strong cold resistance, good pollination affinity, large pollen amount and similar flowering periods, such as Jinxiangxiang, Pingxiang pear, and Hongjinqiu. . ??

New trees are planted to ensure water supply. When the new shoots grow to 5-10 cm, spread out the soil mound during planting and build a tree tray with an inner diameter of 0.8 meters to prepare for watering during drought. Hongnanguo pear rarely grows twice. The new shoots will stop growing in mid-to-late June of that year. Before the new shoots stop growing, the saplings should be sprayed with foliar fertilizer 2-3 times, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. Strengthen weed control and remove sprouts, and remove sprouts below 20 cm in time.

2. Strengthen fertilizer and water management

1. Fertilization: Apply more organic fertilizer. From August to September every year, deep plowing and soil modification are carried out, and high-quality organic fertilizer is applied, striving to achieve "pounds". "Fruit fertilizer", top dressing is generally carried out before flowering, after flowering and during the fruit expansion period, with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers. In the early stage, nitrogen and phosphorus are the main components, and in the later stage, phosphorus and potassium are the main components. The amount of fertilizer applied is based on the production of 100 kilograms of pear fruits, and topdressing of 0.6-0.7 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 0.3-0.35 kilograms of pure phosphorus, and 0.3-0.35 kilograms of pure potassium. In addition, depending on the growth results, 15-20 kg of superphosphate and 3-5 kg ??of ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate are applied per acre to prevent the occurrence of deficiency diseases. ??

In combination with disease and insect pest control, spray 1000 times amino acid liquid fertilizer or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate before germination, after flowering and during the fruit expansion period to enhance tree vigor and improve fruit quality. ??

2. Water management: On the basis of irrigation after each fertilization, timely irrigation should be done before or after flowering and during the fruit expansion period to ensure the supply of soil moisture. Drain water in time during the rainy season and strictly control water in autumn. ??

3. Plastic trimming. The tree adopts a spindle shape. The stem height is 80-100 cm, with 1 central stem. 10-15 main branches grow directly on the central trunk, extending staggeredly around. The distance between main branches is about 20 cm, and the opening angle of the main branches is 70-90 degrees. The length of the main branches should be less than 1/2 of the spacing between rows, and try to avoid tree-to-tree junctions and crossovers. A group of fruiting branches is directly attached to the main branch. There is no certain pattern in the cultivation method of the main branch, and it can also be regarded as a large group of fruiting branches. After falling, the tree height is controlled at about 3 meters. ??

After the seedlings are planted, the stem height should be 80-100 cm, and 3-4 full buds should be left under the cut. Shorten the extended branches of the central stem in 1-3 years old, and cut them to a length of 40-50 cm every year. The tree body will be basically formed in 4-5 years, and the extended branches of the central trunk can be shortened or not cut appropriately. When the number of main branches selected reaches the required number and the upper main branches have a certain growth potential, they can be dropped to maintain a crown height of about 3 meters. When the top is weak and the bottom is strong, choose the strong branch as the head; when the top is strong and the bottom is weak, choose the weak branch as the head. The main branches growing on the trunk should be opened at an angle in time. The basic principle is to ensure the absolute advantage of the center. ??

4. Pruning during the growing season. Pruning during the growing season includes bud carving, branch pulling, cap pruning, girdling (cutting) and sprout removal, etc. to promote the growth of side branches and flat oblique branches, ease the tree vigor, inhibit vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth, and is beneficial to the flower buds of Hongnan pear. formation and improve fruit quality.

1. Carving buds: For 1-4-year-old trees, select an appropriate part of the central trunk to carve buds before germination to promote branching and reserve the main branch. ??

2. Pulling branches: When pulling branches, appropriately thin out overly dense new shoots. For moderate new shoots, 5-6 leaves can be left at the base and pruned off. Using this method, 20% of the new shoots can form flower buds in the same year, and can control the excessive growth of back branches.

3. Pruning with a cap during the growing season: In mid-to-late July, cut the upright middle branches on the back of the main branches with a live cap at the junction of 1-2 years old to control their excessive growth and Promote the formation of flower buds in the lower part.

4. Girdling (cutting): For saplings with excessive growth potential and fruiting trees, girdling (cutting) the main trunk and main branches is used. The girdling (cutting) time is from May 25 to June 10. The girdling (cutting) width is 1/10 of the trunk thickness, and the cutting depth reaches the xylem. Complete healing takes 25-28 days after circumcision. ??

5. Remove sprouts: Erase sprouts less than 20 cm above the trunk in the year of planting.

After the second year, remove the lateral buds below the top bud of the main branch, the new shoots at the base of the main branch, and the capped short branches; remove excessive new shoots on the central trunk and excessive tillers on the back of the main branch. ??

5. Flower and fruit management

1. Prevention of frost damage during flowering period: Hongnan pear blooms earlier, usually in late April, and is prone to late frost damage in the Fushun area. Use tree disk covering in winter to delay the thawing period of the orchard soil to delay the flowering period and reduce the impact of frost damage; use fumigation to prevent frost when the cold wave comes during the flowering period. ??

2. Artificial auxiliary pollination: Use artificial auxiliary pollination during flowering, releasing bees during flowering and high-pollinating branches to increase the fruit setting rate. During the flowering period, bees are generally released into one box per 10 acres; artificial pollination can collect pollen from snow pear, white pear, Tang pear, red pear, crisp pear, etc. When 60-70% of the central flowers of the Hongnanguo pear tree are open, artificial point pollination, liquid pollination or bee release will be carried out to increase the fruit setting rate. Through high grafting and grafting, the fruit setting rate and fruit quality can also be effectively improved by grafting pear varieties such as Jinxiangxiang, Pingxiang pear, Hongjinqiu and other pear varieties that meet in the flowering period and have large amounts of pollen. In addition, spraying 0.2-0.3% urea solution, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or a 0.1% borax mixture on the leaves before and after flowering can also improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality. ??

3. Reasonably adjust the tree load: Thinning flowers and fruits directly affects the quality of the fruit and tree vigor that year, leaving 1-3 flowers per inflorescence. When pear trees bear too many fruits, pay attention to fruit thinning. Fruit thinning should be carried out 2 weeks after flowering. Use the "3 1" method to determine the fruit, that is, leave 1 fruit for every 30-40 leaves and 1 fruit for each inflorescence. Choose a good location and leave 1 fruit every 15-20 cm. ??

Through artificial pollination and flower and fruit thinning, the inflorescence fruit setting rate has reached an average of more than 65%, and the high-quality fruit rate has reached 85%. The price of Hongnan pears is 6 yuan per kilogram. ??

4. Measures to promote fruit coloring. In addition to applying more organic fertilizer and pruning properly, remove the heavily shaded leaves on the fruit stem and fruit surface 35-40 days before the fruit matures; after one side of the fruit is colored, hold the fruit with your hands and turn it clockwise to make it The dark side of the fruit turns to the sunny side. ??

5. Comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. It mainly controls pear heartworm, pear psyllid, pear weevil and pear scab, and also controls other diseases and pests such as pear heartworm, pear stem wasp, rot disease, ring rot, etc., and controls the fruit rate of pests and diseases below 0.5%. To prevent and control the pear heartworm, which causes serious damage, spray 2.5% EC 1500-2000 times or 2.5% EC 3000 times during the early stages of budding and fruiting stages of overwintering larvae; to prevent pear psyllid from catching the pear flower buds, they will swell and become white. At the end of the hibernation period of overwintering adults, when a large number of eggs have not been laid, when 90% of the flowers have fallen, and when most nymphs have not yet secreted mucus, spray 1.8% abamectin EC 4000 times or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times for control. . During the emergence and egg-laying stages of the adult (or larvae) pear weevil, spray 20% rapid killing agent 1500-2000 times or 2.5% deltamethrin EC 1500-2000 times for control. For pear scab, there are two critical periods: the inflorescence separation period before flowering and about 70% of the flowers fade. Spray once each. Choose 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800 times liquid and 40% polymanganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times. Agents such as 40% Fuxing EC and 10,000 times liquid were used alternately and achieved good control effects.