One of the most well-known caper, according to the "Sea of Chinese medicine" records: the name of the interpretation of the name, first contained in the "thousand gold food treatment" for the cruciferous plant caper with the root of the grass. This product Capsella with Qi: Qi Ji also, this grass can be served in the famine to prolong life, war wounds can stop bleeding and live, the merit is quite great, the role of the full name.
Shepherd's purse for the cruciferous plant Capsellabursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. young leaves, shepherd's purse for the cruciferous shepherd's purse genus of one, two-year-old herbaceous plants.
The caper root is white. Stem erect, single or basally branched. Basal leaves clustered, etiolated, rosulate, leaves pinnatifid, untidy, terminal blade extra large, leaf blade hairy, leaf rake winged. Cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate, base arrow-shaped, clasping, margin notched or serrate.
Stems 20 to 50 centimeters tall at flowering, racemes terminal and axillary. Flowers small, white, bisexual. Sepals 4, oblong, cross corolla. Short-horned fruit flattened. It is obtriangular and contains numerous seeds.
Shepherd's purse is a cold-hardy vegetable, requiring cool and sunny climate. Seed germination temperature for 20 ~ 25 degrees Celsius. Growth and development of the appropriate temperature for 12 ~ 20 degrees Celsius, the temperature is lower than 10 degrees Celsius, high without 22 degrees Celsius is slow growth, growth cycle is extended, the quality is poor. Shepherd's purse cold tolerance is strong, -5 degrees Celsius when the plant is not damaged, can tolerate -7.5 degrees Celsius short-term low temperature. In the 2 ~ 5 degrees Celsius low temperature conditions, caper 10 ~ 20 days through the vernalization stage that draws the flowering.
Shepherd's purse is not strict on the choice of soil, but to fertile, loose soil cultivation is better.
Currently there are mainly the following two varieties:
Panel Leaf Shepherd's purse, also known as the large-leafed shepherd's purse, Shanghai local varieties. The plant collapses and grows, with a spread of 18 centimeters. Leaf blade light green, day and thick, leaf length 10 centimeters, width 2.5 centimeters, there are about 18 leaves. Leaf margin pinnately lobed, nearly entire, leaf surface smooth, slightly tomentose, meet the low temperature after the leaf color turns dark. The variety of cold and heat resistance are strong, early maturity, fast growth, 40 days after sowing can be harvested, high yield, good appearance and commerciality, fresh flavor. The disadvantage is that the aroma is not strong enough, weak winter, shoots earlier, should not be sown in spring, generally used for fall cultivation.
Scattered leaf caper is also called 100 feet caper, slow caper, flower leaf caper, small leaf caper, broken leaf caper, broken leaf head. The plant collapses to the ground and grows, spreading to a degree of 18 centimeters. Leaf blade green, pinnatisect, leaf margin notch deep, 10 cm long, leaf narrow shorter, there are 20 leaves or so, green, leaf margin pinnatisect, leaf surface smooth tomentum more, meet the low temperature after the leaf color to dark, with purple. The variety of cold resistance is medium, heat resistance is strong, strong winter, later than the board leaf caper 10 ~ 15 days. Strong aroma, taste extremely fresh, suitable for spring cultivation.
Nutrition and medicinal value is high, shepherd's purse per 100 grams of water 85.1 grams, protein 5.3 grams, 0.4 grams of fat, carbohydrates 6 grams of calcium 420 mg, phosphorus 73 mg, iron 6.3 mg, carotene 3.2 mg, vitamin B10.14 mg, vitamin B20.19 mg, niacin 0.7 mg, vitamin C55 mg, but also contains Flavonoid glycosides, choline, acetylcholine and so on. Shepherd's purse is rich in vitamin C and carotene, which helps to enhance the immune function. It can also reduce blood pressure, stomach digestion, treatment of stomach cramps, stomach ulcers, dysentery, enteritis and other diseases. Shepherd's purse is sweet and flat in nature, and has the effect of harmonizing the spleen, inducing diuresis, stopping bleeding, and brightening the eyes. Used to treat dysentery, edema, gonorrhea, celiac disease, vomiting blood, blood in the stool, hematochezia, excessive menstruation, red eyes, swelling and pain. It is also used for treating dysentery, edema, hematochezia, hematemesis, excessive menstruation, redness and pain in the eyes. In "Materia Medica for Daily Use", it is used to cool the liver and brighten the eyes. In "Compendium of Materia Medica", it is used to "brighten the eyes and benefit the stomach." Functions: Cooling the blood to stop bleeding, clearing heat and diuretic. Used for kidney tuberculosis, blood in urine, postpartum uterine bleeding, excessive menstruation, pulmonary tuberculosis, hemoptysis, hypertension, cold and fever, nephritis, edema, urinary stones, celiac disease, enteritis. At the same time, shepherd's purse contains shepherd's purse acid, is an effective component of hemostasis, can shorten the bleeding and clotting time. Shepherd's purse contains acetylcholine, sterol and quaternary amine compounds, not only can reduce blood and liver cholesterol and triglyceride content, but also lower blood pressure. Shepherd's purse contains dengpi glucoside can be anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, has enhanced the body's vitamin C content, but also anti-virus, frostbite prevention, diabetic cataract patients also have therapeutic effects. Shepherd's purse contains dithiothiophenol sulfur ketone, has anti-cancer effect. Shepherd's purse is also rich in vitamin C, can prevent nitrate and nitrite in the digestive tract into carcinogenic substances nitrosamines, can prevent stomach cancer and esophageal cancer. Shepherd's purse contains a large amount of crude fiber, after eating can enhance intestinal peristalsis, promote excretion, thereby enhancing metabolism, help prevent and control hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes, intestinal cancer and hemorrhoids. Shepherd's purse is rich in carotene, because carotene is vitamin A original, so it is the treatment of dry eye disease, night blindness of good food. The general population can be eaten.