Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the fastest growing morbidity and mortality rate, and poses the greatest threat to people's health and life. You can try Chinese medicine to treat it. Below is a list of Chinese herbal remedies for lung cancer cough, I hope it can help you!
Chinese medicine prescription for lung cancer cough
Chinese medicine prescription (1)
Identification of spleen deficiency and weak qi.
The treatment is to tonify the spleen, benefit the qi and dissolve phlegm-dampness, and support anti-cancer. The name of the formula is Lung Tumor No. 1.
Composition Codonopsis pilosula 9 grams, Astragalus 9 grams, Atractylodes macrocephala 9 grams, Poria 15 grams, poria 15 grams, Coix lacryma-jobi 5 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 9 grams, Cnidium alba 30 grams, Fritillaria angustifolia 30 grams, Iron Tree Leaf 30 grams. Usage: Decoction with water, 1 dose per day, 3 times per day. Source Gao Lingshan formula.
Chinese medicine prescription (2)
Identification of lung yin insufficiency, deficiency fire inflammation.
Treatment Nourish yin and reduce fire , clear gold and protect the lungs, and support anti-cancer. Fang name lung tumor 2 formula.
Ingredients: 12 grams of Salvia divinorum, 12 grams of Salvia divinorum, 9 grams of asparagus, 9 grams of maitake, 15 grams of lily, 15 grams of Radix et Rhizoma Shengdi, 15 grams of Radix et Rhizoma Ginkgo, 9 grams of Scutellariae Radix, 30 grams of Radix et Rhizoma Bianca, 30 grams of Rhizoma Codonopsis pilosulae, 30 grams of Fishweed, 30 grams of Iron Tree Leaves, 5 grams of Coix lacryma, 9 grams of Chenpi. Directions: Decoct with water, 1 dose per day, 3 times per day. Source Gao Linshan formula.
Chinese medicine prescription (three)
Identification of qi and yin deficiency.
The treatment is to benefit the qi and nourish yin, clear heat and resolve phlegm. The name of the formula is plus flavor and pulse soup.
Composition: 9 grams of ginseng, 9 grams of maitake, 9 grams of yam, 9 grams of ripe earth, 9 grams of Sichuan shellfish, 9 grams of salvia, 6 grams of schizandra. Usage Decoction with water, 1 dose per day, 2 times a day.
From "Surgery".
Chinese medicine prescription (four)
Identification of qi deficiency and yin deficiency. The treatment is to benefit the qi and nourish the yin. The name of the formula is Fu Lung Decoction.
Ingredients raw sun-dried ginseng 10 grams, sizzling astragalus 30 grams, southern saxifrage 12 grams, kozo 12 grams, ginseng panax notoginseng 10 grams, 15 grams of bone leaves, Xuanzhenshen 10 grams, lily 10 grams, maitake 10 grams, rehmannia glutinosa 15 grams, curcuma 15 grams, centipede 3 strips, tangerine stalks 8 grams, Chenpi 6 grams. Usage: Decoction with water, 1 dose per day, 2 times per day. Source "China Medical News".
Chinese medicine prescription (five)
Identification of Yin deficiency toxic heat.
The treatment is to moisten the lung and resolve phlegm, detoxify and remove blood stasis. The name of the formula is clearing the toxin and lung soup.
Composition: 30 grams of Salvia divinorum, 30 grams of Salvia divinorum, 15 grams of asparagus, 9 grams of peach kernel, 9 grams of apricot kernel, 9 grams of Sichuan peppercorns, 9 grams of Zhejiang peppercorns, 15 grams of dictyostelium, 15 grams of Xiaku Cao, 30 grams of clamshell, 30 grams of Psoralea vulgaris, 9 grams of Radix et Rhizoma Asteracea, 12 grams of Asteracea, 30 grams of Radix Asteracantha, 30 grams of Semen Asteracantha, 30 grams of Herba Armeniacae and 30 grams of Dendrobium. Usage: Decoction with water, 1 dose per day, 2 times per day. Source: Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. Tobacco has more than 3,000 chemical substances. Poly chain aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines can cause DNA damage in bronchial epithelial cells through a variety of mechanisms, resulting in the activation of oncogenes (e.g., Ras genes) and the inactivation of oncogenes (e.g., p53, FHIT genes, etc.), which can lead to the transformation of the cells, and ultimately to cancerous transformation.
2. Occupational and environmental exposure
Lung cancer is the most important type of occupational cancer. It is estimated that about 10% of lung cancer patients have a history of environmental and occupational exposure. It has been proved that the following 9 occupational environmental carcinogens increase the incidence of lung cancer: by-products of aluminum products, arsenic, asbestos, bis-chloromethylether, chromium compounds, coke ovens, mustard gas, nickel-containing impurities, vinyl chloride. Long-term exposure to beryllium, cadmium, silicon, formalin and other substances will also increase the incidence of lung cancer, air pollution, especially industrial exhaust can trigger lung cancer.
3. Ionizing radiation
Lung is a more sensitive organ to radiation. The first evidence of lung cancer caused by ionizing radiation came from the Schneeberg-joakimov mine, which had a high concentration of radon and its daughters in the air, inducing mostly small-cell carcinoma of the bronchial tubes. In the United States, it has been reported that 70% to 80% of miners who mined radioactive ores died of radiation-induced occupational lung cancer, with squamous carcinoma as the main cause, from the beginning of exposure to the onset of the time of 10 to 45 years, with an average time of 25 years, and an average age of onset of 38 years. The incidence of radon and its daughters began to increase when the receptor accumulation exceeded 120 working level days (WLM), and more than 1800 WLM is more significant increase of up to 20 to 30 times. Exposure of mice to gases and dusts from these mines can induce lung tumors. Japan's atomic bombing survivors suffered a significant increase in lung cancer. Beebe in the Hiroshima atomic bombing survivors lifelong follow-up, found that the survivors from the center of the explosion less than 1400m survivors from the center of the explosion of 1400 ~ 1900m and 2000m away from the survivors of the deaths of the lung cancer significantly increased.
4. Previous chronic lung infections
Such as tuberculosis, bronchiectasis and other patients, bronchial epithelium in the process of chronic infection may metamorphose into squamous epithelium, resulting in carcinoma, but it is rare.
5. Genetic factors
Family aggregation, genetic susceptibility, reduced immune function, and metabolic and endocrine dysfunction may also play an important role in
the development of lung cancer. Many studies have demonstrated that genetic factors may play an important role in populations and/or individuals susceptible to environmental carcinogens.
6. Atmospheric pollution
The high incidence of lung cancer in developed countries is mainly due to the pollution of the atmosphere by hazardous substances such as benzo(a)pyrene carcinogenic hydrocarbons produced by the combustion of petroleum, coal, and internal combustion engines and asphalt highway dust in industrially and transportationally developed areas. Atmospheric pollution and smoking may promote each other and play a synergistic role in the incidence of lung cancer.
Clinical manifestations of lung cancer
The clinical manifestations of lung cancer are complex. The presence or absence of symptoms and signs, their severity, and their early or late appearance depend on the location of the tumor, the type of pathology, the presence of metastasis and the presence or absence of complications, as well as the degree of patient response and the difference in tolerance. Early symptoms of lung cancer are often mild or even without any discomfort. The symptoms of central lung cancer appear early and serious, while the symptoms of peripheral lung cancer appear late and mild, or even asymptomatic, and are often found during physical examination. Symptoms of lung cancer are roughly divided into: local symptoms, systemic symptoms, extrapulmonary symptoms, infiltration and metastatic symptoms.
(1) Local symptoms
Local symptoms refer to the symptoms caused by the stimulation, obstruction, infiltration and compression of tissues by the tumor itself when it grows locally.
1. Cough
Cough is the most common symptom, and cough as the first symptom accounts for 35% to 75%. Cough caused by lung cancer may be related to changes in bronchial mucus secretion, obstructive pneumonia, pleural invasion, pulmonary atelectasis and other intrathoracic comorbidities. When the tumor grows in the bronchial mucosa above the segment with large diameter and sensitivity to external stimuli, it can produce cough caused by similar foreign body-like stimulation, which is typically manifested as paroxysmal irritating dry cough, which is not easy to be controlled by general cough suppressants. When the tumor grows in the smaller bronchial mucosa below the segment, the cough is not obvious or even absent. For patients who are smokers or suffer from chronic bronchitis, such as cough aggravation, frequency change, cough nature change such as high-pitched metallic sound, especially in the elderly, we should be highly alert to the possibility of lung cancer.
2. Blood in sputum or hemoptysis
Blood in sputum or hemoptysis is also a common symptom of lung cancer, and it is the first symptom in about 30% of patients. Due to rich blood supply and brittle texture of tumor tissues, blood vessels rupture and bleed when coughing violently, and coughing up blood may also be caused by local necrosis or vasculitis of tumor. Coughing up blood in lung cancer is characterized by intermittent or continuous, repeated small amount of sputum with blood in it, or small amount of hemoptysis, occasionally due to the rupture of larger blood vessels, the formation of large cavities, or the tumor rupture into the bronchial tube and the pulmonary vasculature, which leads to uncontrollable hemoptysis.
3. Chest pain
Chest pain as the first symptom accounts for about 25%. It often manifests as irregular vague pain or dull pain in chest. In most cases, peripheral lung cancer invades the wall pleura or chest wall, which can cause sharp and intermittent pleuritic pain, and if it continues to develop, it will evolve into constant drilling pain. Mild chest discomfort that is difficult to localize is sometimes associated with central lung cancer invading the mediastinum or involving blood vessels or peribronchial nerves, while 25% of patients with malignant pleural effusion complain of dull chest pain. Persistent sharp and severe chest pain that is not easily controlled by medication is often indicative of extensive pleural or chest wall invasion. Persistent pain in the shoulder or back of the chest suggests the possibility of tumor invasion in the medial lobe of the lung near the mediastinum.
4. Chest tightness and shortness of breath
About 10% of patients have this as the first symptom, which is mostly seen in central lung cancer, especially in patients with poor lung function. Causes of respiratory difficulty mainly include: ① In advanced stage of lung cancer, when mediastinal lymph nodes are widely metastasized and compress the trachea, bulge or main bronchial tubes, shortness of breath or even asphyxiation may occur. ② Chest tightness, shortness of breath and dyspnea may also appear when a large amount of pleural effusion compresses lung tissues and causes serious displacement of mediastinum, or when there is pericardial effusion, but the symptoms can be relieved after fluid extraction. ③ Diffuse fine bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and bronchial disseminated adenocarcinoma, which reduce the respiratory area and dysfunction of gas diffusion, leading to severe ventilation/blood flow ratio imbalance, causing gradual aggravation of dyspnea, which is often accompanied by cyanosis. ④ Others: including obstructive pneumonia. Lung atelectasis, lymphangitis lung cancer, tumor microembolism, upper airway obstruction, spontaneous pneumothorax, and combined chronic lung diseases such as COPD.
5. Hoarseness
Hoarseness is the first complaint in 5% to 18% of patients with lung cancer, and it is usually accompanied by cough. Hoarseness usually suggests direct mediastinal invasion or lymph node growth involving the ipsilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve, resulting in left vocal cord paralysis. Vocal cord paralysis can also cause varying degrees of upper airway obstruction.
(2) Systemic symptoms
1. Fever
Fever is the first symptom in 20%-30% of patients. There are two causes of fever caused by lung cancer, one is inflammatory fever. When central lung cancer tumor grows, it often blocks the segment or bronchial opening first, which causes obstructive pneumonia or atelectasis of corresponding lobe or segment and fever, but it is mostly around 38℃, seldom more than 39℃. Antibiotic treatment may be effective, and the shadow may be absorbed, but it often recurs because of the poor drainage of secretion, and about 1/3 of patients may have pneumonia in the same place in a short time. Pneumonia occurs repeatedly at the same site. Peripheral lung cancer mostly develops fever in the late stage when the tumor compresses the adjacent lung tissues and causes inflammation. The second is cancer fever, which is mostly caused by tumor necrotic tissue being absorbed by the body, and this kind of fever is ineffective in anti-inflammatory drug treatment, and hormonal or indole drugs have certain efficacy.
2. Wasting and cachexia
In advanced stage of lung cancer, due to infection, loss of appetite caused by pain, increased consumption caused by tumor growth and toxins, and increased levels of cytokines such as TNF and Leptin, severe wasting, anemia and cachexia can be caused.
(3) Extra-pulmonary symptoms
Due to some special active substances produced by lung cancer (including hormones, antigens, enzymes, etc.), patients can have one or more extra-pulmonary symptoms, which often appear before other symptoms, and can fade or appear with the growth of the tumor, clinically more common in osteoarthroproliferative disease of lung origin.
1. Pulmonary osteoarthritic hyperplasia
Clinically, it is mainly manifested as crural finger (toe), periosteal hyperplasia of the distal end of the long bones, formation of new bones, swelling, pain and tenderness of the affected joints. Long bones are characterized by tibial ribs, humerus and metacarpals, and joints such as knees, ankles, wrists and other large joints are more common. The incidence of crural fingers and toes is about 29%, which is mainly seen in squamous carcinoma; the incidence of proliferative osteoarthropathy is 1%-10%, which is mainly seen in adenocarcinoma, and small-cell carcinoma seldom has such manifestation. The exact etiology is not completely clear, and it may be related to estrogen, growth hormone or nerve function. It can be relieved or subsided after surgical resection of the cancer, and then appeared again when recurrence occurs.
2. Tumor-related ectopic hormone secretion syndrome
About 10% of the patients may have this kind of symptom, which may appear as the first symptom. In other patients, one or more plasma ectopic hormones may be detected in the absence of clinical symptoms. These symptoms are most common in small cell lung cancer.
(1) Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion syndrome The tumor secretes ACTH or adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor (ARF) active substance, which increases plasma cortisol. Clinical symptoms are generally similar to those of Cushing's syndrome, and may include progressive muscle weakness, peripheral edema, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypokalemic alkalosis, etc. It is characterized by a rapid progression of the disease, and may be accompanied by severe psychiatric disorders with skin pigmentation, whereas centripetal obesity, polycythemia vera, and purplish striae are mostly unremarkable. The syndrome is mostly seen in lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer.
(2) Ectopic gonadotropin secretion syndrome is caused by the autonomous secretion of LH and HCG by the tumor and the stimulation of gonadal steroid secretion. It is mostly manifested as bilateral or unilateral mammary gland development in males, and can occur in various cell types of lung cancer, with undifferentiated carcinoma and small cell carcinoma being the most common. Occasionally, abnormal penile erection can be seen, which may be caused by penile vascular embolism in addition to abnormal hormone secretion.
(3) Ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion syndrome is due to the secretion of parathyroid hormone or an osteolytic substance (peptide) by the tumor. Clinically, it is characterized by high blood calcium and low blood phosphorus, and the symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, irritable thirst, weight loss, tachycardia, arrhythmia, irritability and mental confusion. It is mostly seen in squamous carcinoma.
(4) Ectopic insulin secretion syndrome Clinical manifestations are subacute hypoglycemic syndromes, such as confusion, hallucinations, headache. The cause may be related to the large consumption of glucose by the tumor, the secretion of insulin-like humoral substances or the secretion of insulin-releasing peptides.
(5) Carcinoid syndrome is due to the tumor secretion of 5-hydroxytryptamine. The manifestations are bronchospasm asthma, skin flushing, paroxysmal tachycardia and watery diarrhea. It is mostly seen in adenocarcinoma and oat cell carcinoma.
(6) Neuromuscular syndrome (Eaton-Lambert syndrome) is caused by tumor secretion of arrow toxic substances. It is characterized by loss of muscle strength at will and fatigue. It is mostly seen in small cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Others include peripheral neuropathy, spinal root ganglion cell and neurodegeneration, subacute cerebellar degeneration, cortical degeneration, polymyositis, etc. It may present with limb pain and weakness, vertigo, nystagmus, ****jetty disorders, difficulty in gait and dementia.
(7) Ectopic growth hormone syndrome manifested as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy Mostly seen in adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma.
(8) Abnormal secretion of antidiuretic hormone syndrome is due to the secretion of a large amount of ADH or peptide with antidiuretic effect by cancer tissues. Its main clinical features are hyponatremia with low osmolality of serum and extracellular fluid (<270 mOsm/L), persistent renal excretion, urine osmolality greater than plasma osmolality (specific gravity of urine >1.200), and water intoxication. Most often seen in small cell lung cancer.
3. Other manifestations
(1) Skin lesions: Acanthosis nigricans and dermatitis are mostly seen in adenocarcinoma, and skin pigmentation is due to the secretion of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) by the tumor, which is mostly seen in small cell carcinoma. Others include scleroderma and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis.
(2) Cardiovascular system All types of lung cancer can have abnormal coagulation mechanism, with the emergence of wandering venous embolism, phlebitis, and non-bacterial embolic endocarditis, which can occur several months before the diagnosis of lung cancer.
(3) Hematologic system: Chronic anemia, purpura, erythrocytosis, leukemia-like reaction. It may be caused by decreased iron absorption, shortened life span of erythropoietic disorders, and capillary hemorrhagic anemia. In addition, DIC can be seen in various cell types of lung cancer, which may be related to the release of procoagulant factors by the tumor. Patients with squamous lung cancer can be accompanied by purpura.
(IV) Symptoms of invasion and metastasis
1. Lymph node metastasis
The most common ones are mediastinal lymph nodes and supraclavicular lymph nodes, which are mostly on the same side as the lesion, and a few can be on the opposite side, and they are mostly firmer, single or multiple nodes, which can be sometimes consulted as the first complaint. Enlargement of paratracheal or subglottic lymph nodes may compress the airway and present with chest tightness. Shortness of breath or even choking. Compression of the esophagus can appear dysphagia.
2. Pleural invasion and metastasis
Pleura is a common invasion and metastasis site of lung cancer, including direct invasion and plantation metastasis. Clinical manifestations vary according to the presence or absence of pleural effusion and the amount of pleural fluid. The causes of pleural fluid, besides direct invasion and metastasis, include obstruction of lymph nodes and concomitant obstructive pneumonitis and pulmonary atelectasis. Common symptoms include dyspnea, cough, chest tightness and chest pain, etc., or no symptoms at all. On physical examination, intercostal fullness, intercostal widening, decreased respiratory sounds, decreased tremor, solid sounds on percussion, and mediastinal displacement, etc. Pleural fluid can be plasma, plasma-blooded, or blooded, and most of them are exudate, and malignant pleural fluid is characterized by fast growth rate and mostly blooded. Extremely rare lung cancer can occur spontaneous pneumothorax, the mechanism of which is direct invasion of pleura and obstructive emphysema rupture, mostly seen in squamous carcinoma, with poor prognosis.
3. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)
Direct tumor invasion or mediastinal lymph node metastasis compresses the superior vena cava or the embolism in the lumen, which narrows or occludes the superior vena cava, resulting in obstruction to the blood return and a series of symptoms and signs, such as headache, facial swelling, varicose veins in the neck and chest, increased pressure, difficulty in breathing, coughing, and other symptoms and signs. A series of symptoms and signs appear, such as headache, facial swelling, cervicothoracic varicose veins, increased pressure, dyspnea, coughing, chest pain, and difficulty in swallowing, and often fainting or vertigo when bending over. The anterior thoracic and epigastric veins may be compensated for by varicose veins, reflecting the duration of superior vena cava obstruction and the anatomic location of the obstruction. Symptoms and signs of superior vena cava obstruction are related to its location. If the superior vena cava is obstructed on one side, blood flow from the head, face and neck can return to the heart through the opposite side of the vein, and the clinical symptoms are mild. If the superior vena cava obstruction occurs below the entrance of the singular vein, in addition to the dilatation of the veins mentioned above, there is also the aneurysm of the abdominal veins, and the blood flows into the inferior vena cava through this pathway. If the obstruction develops rapidly, cerebral edema may occur with headache, drowsiness, agitation and altered state of consciousness.
4. Kidney metastasis
Kidney metastasis is found in about 35% of patients who died of lung cancer, and it is the most common metastatic site in patients who died within 1 month after surgical resection of lung cancer. Most of the kidney metastases have no clinical symptoms, and sometimes they can be manifested as low back pain and renal insufficiency.
5. Digestive tract metastasis
Liver metastasis can be manifested as loss of appetite, pain in the liver area, sometimes accompanied by nausea, serum? -The liver is often positive and AKP is progressively increased, and liver enlargement, hardness and nodularity can be found during physical examination. Small-cell lung cancer is characterized by pancreatic metastasis, which may present with pancreatitis symptoms or obstructive jaundice. Various cell types of lung cancer can metastasize to liver, gastrointestinal tract, adrenal glands and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, which are mostly asymptomatic clinically and often found during physical examination.
6. Bone metastasis
Bone metastasis of lung cancer commonly occurs in ribs, vertebrae, ilium, femur, etc. However, ipsilateral ribs and vertebrae are more common, which is characterized by localized pain and localized pressure and percussion pain. Spinal metastases may compress the spinal canal leading to obstruction or compression symptoms. Joint involvement may present with joint cavity effusion, and cancer cells may be detected by puncture.
7. Central nervous system symptoms
(1) Brain, meningeal and spinal cord metastasis The incidence is about 10%, and the symptoms may vary according to the site of metastasis. Common symptoms are increased intracranial pressure, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and mental status changes, etc. Rare symptoms include seizures, cerebral nerve involvement, hemiparesis, ****typhosis, aphasia and sudden fainting, etc. Meningeal metastases are not as common as cerebral metastases. Meningeal metastasis is not as common as brain metastasis, and often occurs in patients with small cell lung cancer, and its symptoms are similar to brain metastasis.
(2) Encephalopathy and cerebellar cortical degeneration Encephalopathy is mainly manifested as dementia, psychopathy, and organic lesions, and cerebellar cortical degeneration is manifested as acute or subacute limb dysfunction, difficulty in limb movement, tremor of movement, difficulty in pronunciation, and vertigo. There are reports that the above symptoms can be relieved after tumor resection.
8. Cardiac invasion and metastasis
It is not uncommon for lung cancer to involve the heart, especially in central lung cancer. Tumor can invade the heart through direct spread, or it can spread retrogradely through lymphatic vessels, blocking the draining lymphatic vessels of the heart and causing pericardial effusion. Those with slower development can be asymptomatic or only have pain in the precordial area, subcostal arches, or epigastric region. The more rapidly developing patients may present typical symptoms of pericardial tamponade, such as cardiac tachycardia, palpitations, jugular-facial venous angiosis, enlargement of the cardiac border, low and distant heart tones, hepatomegaly, and ascites.
9. Peripheral nervous system symptoms
The cancer compresses or violates the cervical sympathetic nerve, causing Horner's syndrome, which is characterized by pupil shrinkage on the diseased side, ptosis, inversion of the eyeballs, and lack of sweating on the face, etc. When it compresses or violates the brachial plexus nerve, it may show typical symptoms of pericardial tamponade. Compression or invasion of brachial plexus nerve causes brachial plexus nerve compression sign, which is characterized by burning radiating pain, local sensory abnormality and trophic atrophy in the ipsilateral upper limb. When the tumor violates the phrenic nerve, it may favor diaphragmatic paralysis, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and contradictory movement of the diaphragm can be seen under X-ray fluoroscopy. When it compresses or violates the recurrent laryngeal nerve, it may cause paralysis of the vocal cords and hoarseness. Tumor in the apical region of the lung (suprapulmonary sulcus tumor) invades the cervical 8 and thoracic 1 nerves, brachial plexus nerve, sympathetic ganglion, and adjacent ribs, causing severe shoulder and arm pain, sensory abnormality, paraplegia or weakness of one side of the arm, muscle atrophy, which is the so-called Pancoast's syndrome.