First, the origin of Wala

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's continuous military attack on the Yuan Dynasty split the once powerful Mongolian empire into Wuliangha, Tatar and Wala.

Zhu Yuanzhang's conquest of Tatar made Timur, the leader of Wala, take advantage of the situation. The Ming Emperor Chengzu's northern expedition to Wala (now the Mongolian people * * * and tuul river in China) has never stopped attacking the remnants of Mongolia, but it has never been completely eliminated. Although there has been friction with Wala in the Ming Dynasty, there has not been much war. The biggest threat to the Ming Dynasty is from East Mongolia. Wala is located in a remote place and has not posed a substantial threat to the Ming Dynasty.

Wala's geographical location is remote

Because of the contradiction between Wala and East Mongolia, it became the reason to cooperate with the Ming Dynasty. So in the sixth year of Yongle, Wala submitted to Daming and Mahamu for internal contradictions and asked the Ming Dynasty to enfeoffment the title. According to the records in Wanli Wild Compilation,? The name of the three kings was also created by the temple? And the order is a positive product, especially appropriate. ?

The cooperation between the Ming Dynasty and Wala was based on the need of economic interests, and more on the desire to achieve peace through friendly cooperation. The friendship between Wala and the Ming Dynasty originated from the struggle for the position of Mongolian Khan. With the support of the big tree of the Ming Dynasty, the chances of winning will be even greater. Wala and Tatar frequently fought and their forces rose and fell, so they had no eternal enemies or friends in the face of interests.

After a long period of development from the early Ming Dynasty to the Yingzong period, the Wala people gradually became powerful. After unifying the Mongolian ministries, they attacked the Wuliangha Sanwei to the east and controlled the Jurchen people who were very weak in fashion. Wala's ambitions began to swell, and the prosperity of Daming made them yearn for it.

The Ming Dynasty and Wala cooperated because of interests, and also because of interests? The change of civil fort? .

second,? The change of civil fort? , has a far-reaching impact on the Ming dynasty, but also laid the groundwork for the Ming Dynasty to turn from prosperity to decline

In February, 1449, the leader of the Wala tribe sent more than 2, envoys to pay tribute to the horses in the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, as a tribe that was attached to the knighthood, he asked for rewards from the Ming Dynasty. The eunuch Wang Zhen refused to give more and did not meet the requirements of Wala. This became the beginning of the war. Wala refused to accept it.

In July of the same year, Wala troops harassed the inland and east roads in four ways, and attacked Liaodong from Tuotuo Buhua and Wuliangha. On the west road, the faction will attack Ganzhou (now Zhangye, Gansu); The middle road is the focus of the attack, and it is divided into two branches. One is led by Ala La Zhi Institute, which directly attacks Xuanfu around Chicheng, and the other is led by Ye Xian to attack Datong. Wala's fighters stepped into Daming's territory, and his bow and broadsword bled like a river. Wu Hao, a general of Datong, died in battle, and Wala's invasion was threatening.

the change of the civil fort, Wala attack route

is far away in Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong, Beijing. Under the instigation and bewitch of my favorite Wang Zhen, I am ready to use my personal expedition. Assistant minister Yu Qian, official minister Wang Zhi and others remonstrated, but Zhu Qizhen did not listen to the minister's opinion, and led more than 5, troops from Beijing to Juyongguan, Huailai and Xuanfu.

In order to lure the Ming army deeper, Wang Zhen took the initiative to withdraw from the north. Wang Zhen thought that the Wala army was afraid of the Ming army and still insisted on advancing northward. As a result, he was beaten by the Wala army to lure the enemy deeper and fled, and finally he was in? Civil fort? Be besieged? Naked and naked, by death, cover the wild and plug the Sichuan. ? Without any protection, Zhu Qizhen broke through with QinBing by bus, but he was not successful. He was captured by the Wala Department, and almost all of the army along with the levy died. Wang Zhen did not escape the fate of being killed by a hammer.