Herb name: Piper longum
Content introduction:
Piper longum ("Kaibao Materia Medica")
Synonyms: Piper longum ( "Tang Materia Medica"), Pipi pear, Ali Hezhen ("Youyang Zazu"), Chusheng (Hou Ningji's "Medicine Genealogy"), clam ("Chiya"), rat tail ("Chronicles of Chinese Medicine") .
The source is the immature fruits of Piper longum, a plant of the Pepper family.
Plant form Piper longum is a perennial herbaceous vine.
The lower part of the stem is prostrate, the branches are horizontal, soft, angular and grooved, and densely pubescent when young.
The leaves are alternate, papery, with petioles 2 to 3.5 cm long, densely pubescent; the leaves are oblong or ovate, with entire edges.
The upper surface is nearly smooth, and the lower veins are pubescent. There are usually 5 to 7 palmate veins.
The flowers are unisexual, dioecious, and spike-like; the male pedicel is 2 to 3.5 cm long, pubescent, the spike is 5.5 cm long, and has a diameter of about 3 mm; the flowers are small, with a diameter of about 1.5 cm. mm; bract 1, nearly round; no perianth; stamens 2, anthers oval, 2-loculed, filaments short and thick; the total pedicel of the female ear is 1.5 cm long, densely pubescent, the flower spike is 1.5 cm long, and the pedicel is short; Flower diameter less than 1 mm; bracts round; no perianth; ovary obovate, no style, stigma 3.
The berries are oval in shape, with a pointed apex, partially embedded in the inflorescence axis.
Distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong and other places in my country.
It is also distributed in Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam.
The root of this plant (Piper longum root) is also used for medicinal purposes, please refer to this article for details.
Collection is between September and October, when the fruits turn from yellow to black, they are picked and dried in the sun.
The medicinal ears are cylindrical, slightly curved, 2 to 4.5 cm long and 5 to 8 mm in diameter.
Most of the fruit stalks have fallen off.
The surface is dark brown and is composed of many small achenes gathered together, arranged closely and neatly, forming small staggered protrusions.
The small achenes are slightly spherical, covered with bracts, and have a diameter of about 1 mm.
The texture is hard, the cross section is reddish, and the endosperm is white.
It has a special aroma and a spicy taste.
The ones that are plump, firm in texture and rich in flavor are better.
Mainly produced in Yunnan and Guangdong.
It is mainly produced abroad in Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam.
Chemical components: The fruit contains piperine, palmitic acid, tetrahydropiperic acid, 1-undecenyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene, piperidine, and volatile oil (without N, Does not contain phenolic, aldehyde and ketone substances).
Piper longum also contains N-isobutyldecadiene (trans-2, trans-4) amide and sesamin.
Pharmacological effects: The essential oils extracted from pepper have inhibitory effects on white and Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, etc.
Piperine has a destructive effect on the nerves and muscle tissue of house flies, but not as much as pyrethrum.
Intraperitoneal injection of piperine in rats can significantly reduce rectal temperature (mainly due to dilation of skin blood vessels), but it becomes insensitive after repeated injections, and the animal loses the ability to regulate body temperature in high temperature environments and painful stimuli. .
This effect is irreversible and related to its pungent stimulation.
After processing, remove impurities, remove the handle, sift out the ash, and mash it when used.
"Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun": When using (Piper pepper), first use the head, soak it in vinegar for one night, dry it, scrape off the skin of the millet seeds with a knife and use it cleanly to avoid hurting the lungs. , infuriating.
Its nature and flavor are pungent and hot.
① "Haiyao Materia Medica": pungent and warm.
② "Kaibao Materia Medica": pungent in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic.
Returns into the spleen and stomach meridians.
① "Gangmu": Start with Yangming Jing.
② "Lei Gong Pao Pharmaceutical Properties": enters the four meridians of lung, spleen, stomach and bladder.
③ "Compendium of Materia Medica": enters the three meridians of liver, spleen and kidney.
Its main functions are to warm the body, dispel cold, lower qi, and relieve pain.
Cure cold and pain in the heart and stomach, vomiting and acid swallowing, bowel sounds and diarrhea, cold dysentery, vaginal hernia, headache, rhinorrhea and toothache.
① "Supplements of Materia Medica": Warm the middle and lower the qi, nourish the waist and feet, digest food, and remove stomach cold, vaginal hernia, and abscess.
② "Haiyao Materia Medica": Mainly used for old cold heartache, watery diarrhea, consumptive dysentery, vomiting, jealousy, and postpartum diarrhea.
③ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": Treats cholera, air-conditioning, heartache and blood qi.
④ "Compendium of Materia Medica": Treats qi dysentery.
⑤ "Compendium of Materia Medica": cold air in the intestines and stomach, vomiting, fullness and pain in the stomach and intestines.
⑥"Outline": Treat headache, rhinorrhea and toothache.
⑦ "Tianbao Materia Medica": Treat bruises, waist and foot pain,
Usage and dosage Oral administration: decoction, 0.5 to 1 qian; or take into pills or powder.
For external use: grind it into powder to twitch the nose or put it into the cavity of tooth decay.
It is advisable to avoid taking it if there is excessive heat and stagnation of fire, or if there is a deficiency of yin and excessive fire.
① "Compendium of Materia Medica": Taking it too much can dissipate the true qi and cause intestinal deficiency and heaviness.
② "Compendium": It dissipates pungent heat and can activate the fire of the spleen and lungs. It is often used to make people dizzy, and it is especially unsuitable for food.
Choose prescriptions ① Treat cold accumulation in typhoid fever, weakness of the internal organs, abdominal pain, fullness of flanks and ribs, diarrhea and borborygmi, spontaneous sweating, and indigestion of rice grains: four kilograms of peppercorns, galangal, dried Six pounds each of ginger (cannon) and four pounds of cinnamon (removed from the rough skin).
The top is made into fine powder, and the boiled batter is made into balls, as big as sycamore seeds.
Take 20 capsules each time with rice and water before eating.
("Bureau Prescription" Da Sihan Pills) ② To treat diarrhea, abdominal distension and inability to eat: half a ounce of peppercorns, one ounce of nutmeg (shelled, half raw and half simmered), dried ginger ( Pao) half a liang, Horile (half raw and half roasted, cored) one liang, Atractylodes three points, licorice (half raw and half roasted, file) half a liang, Muxiang (half raw and half fried) one liang.
Add the seven flavors and pound Luo into powder.
Take two qian dagger each time, mix it with hollow rice drink, and take it again in the day and evening.
("Shengji Zonglu" Piper Powder) ③Treatment of dysentery: half a catty of milk, three qian of Pipi.
Decoct the same amount by half and take it on an empty stomach.
("Duyi Zhi") ④Treatment of spleen deficiency, vomiting, heart and abdominal pain, yellowish complexion, cold pain in waist and hips: pepper, woody root, aconite (cracked, peeled navel), pepper, Half and half of osmanthus (remove the rough skin), dried ginger (cannon), and hazelnut bark (baked), and one and two halves of Magnolia officinalis (remove the rough skin and roast in ginger juice).
Use the eight flavors, pound the Luo into the powder, and refine the honey into pills as big as sycamore seeds.
Drink fifteen pills of hollow porridge for each serving, three times a day. (p> : One or two each of peppercorns (fried), myrobalan (simmered, core removed), dried ginger (cracked), ginseng, cinnamon (removed thick skin), white poria (removed black skin), half two each of pepper.
Add the seven flavors, pound the Luo into the bottom, refine the honey and make the pill into the big sycamore seed.
Take 20 pills each time. Drink rice before eating.
("Pipi Pills" in "Sheng Ji Zong Lu") ⑥Cure phlegm and nausea: Pound long pepper, pound Xiluo into powder, mix half a penny with clear porridge before eating.
("Sheng Hui Fang") ⑦ Treat women with disharmony of blood and Qi, persistent pain, constant bleeding, and irregular menstruation: Piper longum (fried with salt), Puhuang (fried).
The upper part is divided into equal portions, which is the final portion. The refined honey and pills are as large as sycamore seeds.
Take thirty pills each time, swallow with warm wine; if unable to drink, drink with rice soup.
(Puji Prescriptions Ershen Wan, also known as Pipi Wan) 8. To treat miasma that forms in lumps and persists in the abdomen: one or two pieces of long pepper and one or two pieces of rhubarb.
Bixing is the end, with a little musk added, and the refined honey pills are as large as Wuzi.
Take thirty pills with each cold drink.
("Yonglei Jianfang") ⑨Treat tooth pain: pepper and pepper.
The above two flavors are divided into equal parts, pounded into powder, and turned into wax balls, as big as pockmarks.
Each time you use one pill, it will go into the cavity.
("Pipi Pills" in "Sheng Ji Zong Lu") ⑩Cure migraine: Take Pipi powder into powder and let the patient hold warm water in his mouth. If the pain on the left side causes the left nose to suck one word, if the right side hurts, the right nose will suck one word. Character.
("Rear of Experience") ⑾Cure nasal congestion and brain discharge: peppermint, cyperus, and garlic.
Make a cake with a pestle, put the gauze lining on the fontanelle with hot heat, and iron it thoroughly with an iron to stop the tears.
("Introduction to Medicine" Piper Cake)
Famous experts discussed ① "Compendium": Piper longum is an important medicine for headaches, rhinorrhea and toothache, and its pungent heat can enter Yangming It also dissipates floating heat.
② "Compendium of Materia Medica": Piper longum has a pungent taste and must be used together with Shen, Shu, Gui, Di and other sweet and warming tonics, which is especially effective.
③ "Compendium of Materia Medica": Pipiper, a pungent and hot food, tastes like pepper, enters the stomach and large intestine, and is also a Yangming medicine.
It can warm the body and dispel cold, break up qi stagnation, open stagnation, lower qi and eliminate phlegm, and can disperse floating heat in the upper burner. All symptoms such as toothache, headache, acid swallowing, etc. belong to Yangming Damp Fire. Anyone can use this to treat it.
④ "Compendium of Materia Medica": Piper longum is the main medicine for spleen and kidney deficiency and cold.
But it is said to be an important medicine for headaches and rhinorrhea near the lake. Its pungent heat can enter Yangming and dissipate floating heat.
According to the fact that headaches are inherently cold, it is better to use pungent and warm ones. However, rhinorrhea and toothache are all fire syndromes. Ancient people even used pungent powder medicine, which was also used as a guide. , I thought that the floating heat was dissipated by the lake. I am afraid it was a misunderstanding. It is not true that the stone is stubborn and unreasonable.