The contents include age, parity, occupation, menstrual history, understanding menarche age and menstrual cycle. If it is a multipara, you should know the previous delivery situation, whether there is a history of dystocia, stillbirth, delivery mode, the date of last delivery or abortion, the newborn's situation, and whether there is hypertension or heart disease in the past history.
During this pregnancy, the time and degree of early pregnancy reaction, whether there is fever, virus infection and other discomfort, medication, etc.; Husband's health, both sides need to pay attention to whether there are birth defects and genetic diseases in their family history, and record related diseases.
2. Calculate the expected date of delivery
According to the first day of the last menstruation, the number of months is reduced by 3 or increased by 9, and the number of days is increased by 7. If the last menstrual period is March 5th, the expected date of delivery is1February12nd.
It should be noted that pregnant women with irregular menstruation cannot mechanically determine the expected date of delivery due to the abnormal ovulation time, and can be judged according to the time of early pregnancy reaction, the start time of fetal movement, the height of the fundus, etc. If necessary, ultrasound is needed to check the gestational age.
3. General examination
(1) Height and weight/body mass index (BMI) Generally speaking, short pregnant women have an increased chance of pelvic stenosis, and the BMI value is related to the pregnancy prognosis. Those with high BMI index need to be alert to complications such as pregnancy-induced hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy.
(2) Blood pressure measurement Understanding the patient's basic blood pressure is of great significance for evaluating and judging the tolerance of the circulatory system during pregnancy. For example, patients with chronic hypertension need to actively control their blood pressure at an early stage and need more professional guidance in life and diet.
(3) Oral examination The current research shows that periodontitis is closely related to infectious premature delivery, so dental care during pregnancy is very important. Of course, it is very important to plan a thorough treatment of oral diseases before pregnancy.
(4) auscultation of the heart and lungs to find out whether there are murmurs in the heart and whether there are basic lesions in the lungs. Especially, the burden of pregnant women with a history of heart and lung diseases is obviously increased during pregnancy, and further evaluation of heart and lung function is needed.
(5) Normal pregnant women with edema of lower limbs often have edema below the knee and subside after rest. If it does not disappear and is accompanied by excessive weight gain, it is necessary to be alert to the occurrence of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.
4. Obstetric examination
(1) Measure uterine height and abdominal circumference.
(2) fetal heart sound listening?
(3) Vaginal and cervical examination?
5. Auxiliary inspection
(1) Blood routine?
(2) Urine routine?
(3) Liver and kidney function examination?
(4) Serological examination of syphilis?
(5) Hepatitis B surface antigen?
(6)ABO and Rh blood groups?
(7)HIV screening?
(8) Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus?
(9) Serological screening of pregnant women?
(10) Ultrasound examination?
(1 1) electronic fetal heart monitoring
(12) ECG examination
Extended data
Relevant examination of special population
1, TORCH screening
Including rubella virus (RV), Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and others. If pregnant women have infection symptoms related to the above viruses or abnormal fetal ultrasound examination, they can be examined.
If TORCH～IgM is positive, it is necessary to judge whether it is a primary infection. Need to be vigilant, maternal infection does not mean fetal infection, to confirm whether the fetus is infected or not, it is necessary to make a definite diagnosis.
2. Screening of fetal fibronectin and evaluation of cervical length by ultrasound.
Pregnant women at risk of late abortion or premature delivery can be tested to help predict the risk of adverse outcomes. Cervical length less than 2.5cm combined with FFN positive can be used to screen pregnant women with true premature delivery.
3. Screening for hypothyroidism
The incidence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy is about 0.9%, and high-risk cases can be screened, but there is no evidence to support hypothyroidism screening for all pregnant women.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-prenatal examination