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Small knowledge of food safety in kindergarten
One: boiled water is the best drink for children.
Drinking boiled water can not only meet children's physiological needs for water, but also provide them with some minerals and trace elements. Whether it is carbonated drinks, nutritious and health-care drinks, or pure water and mineral water that many families are keen on at present, it is not suitable to replace tap water as the main drinking water for people. When the boiled tap water is cooled to 25~35 degrees Celsius, the biological activity of water increases, which is most suitable for human physiological needs. Children, because of their fast metabolism, need more water than adults. Therefore, lack or excess of water, minerals and trace elements will affect their health. Children who have the habit of drinking drinks instead of water often have poor appetite, hyperactivity, bad temper and are underweight.
Two: Long-term excessive consumption of cold drinks is harmful to health.
In summer, many children love to eat ice cream, and children around the age of 3-6 generally can't control their appetite, so they just want to eat it. It is very harmful to children's health to let them eat four or five ice creams or drink two or three bottles of soda at a time. First of all, in summer, the secretion of gastric acid in human body decreases, and the immune function of digestive system declines, while the climatic conditions at this time are just suitable for the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Therefore, summer is the season of digestive tract diseases. Eating too much cold drinks will cause sudden drop in the temperature in the gastrointestinal tract of children, slow down local blood circulation and other symptoms, affect the absorption and digestion of nutrients in food, and may even lead to digestive dysfunction, nutritional deficiency and frequent abdominal pain in children. In addition, the hygienic condition of some products in the cold drink market is very poor, and many products do not meet the hygienic standards. In this case, overeating cold drinks will increase the chances of children suffering from digestive system diseases.
Three: Can drinks are harmful to children.
Pop cans, which are popular with children, are made of aluminum (AL) alloy. In order to avoid contact between aluminum alloy and beverage, its inner layer is coated with organic paint for isolation. In the production process of some manufacturers, the protective coating is not completely coated on the tank wall, or the coating is damaged during sealing, filling and transportation, which will lead to direct contact between the beverage and aluminum alloy, and aluminum ions will be dissolved in the beverage. A survey shows that the aluminum content of cans is 3~6 times higher than that of bottled drinks. If you often drink cans, it will inevitably lead to excessive aluminum intake. Too much aluminum may lead to mental retardation and abnormal behavior of children, which is not conducive to the development of children's bones and teeth.
Four: drinking pure water for a long time will cause diseases.
The main difference between mineral water and tap water lies in the high content of some minerals or trace elements, which has health care function for specific people. Drinking mineral water should be targeted, and what is lacking is the best. For example, children with zinc deficiency will benefit from drinking high-zinc mineral water. On the other hand, if there is no zinc deficiency and the zinc supply in the diet is sufficient, there is no need to drink this mineral water. Excessive long-term deposition of minerals and trace elements in human body may cause some diseases, the most common of which is kidney calculi. Experts believe that at present, mineral water consumers are generally blind. Some parents don't understand that the composition of each mineral water is not the same, and its health care function is not the same. Instead, they treat mineral water as an ordinary thirst-quenching drink for their children, blindly thinking that mineral water is better than tap water. This is a misunderstanding. If children drink it all the year round, it will have adverse effects on their health. While distilled water, purified water, space water, etc., most products also remove a large part of minerals and trace elements in water when removing industrial pollutants in water. Long-term drinking will inevitably lead to insufficient intake of some minerals or trace elements in the human body, which will have adverse effects on the body, especially on children who are growing and developing.
Five: colored soda will affect physical development.
The main components of colorful soft drinks are synthetic sweeteners, synthetic essences, synthetic pigments and carbonated water, which are made by adding carbon dioxide gas. There is almost no nutrition except a certain amount of calories. The artificial sweeteners here include saccharin, sodium cyclamate, acesulfame K and sodium cyclamate. These substances are not absorbed and utilized by the human body, are not nutrients of the human body, are not beneficial to the human body, and are harmful to health when used in many ways. Those soft drinks with particularly bright colors contain a large number of synthetic pigments and essences, which will bring potential harm to children. After excessive pigments and essences enter children's bodies, they are easy to deposit on their immature digestive tract mucosa, causing loss of appetite and indigestion, interfering with the functions of various enzymes in the body and adversely affecting metabolism and physical development. In addition, some colored popsicles, colored ice bricks, colored bags of ice, etc. are just as harmful to children's development as colored soda, and it is also recommended not to eat them.
Six: Eat puffed food as little as possible or not.
French fries, snow cakes, potato chips, shrimp strips, shrimp slices, chicken bellies, chicken strips, corn cobs … are children's favorite puffed foods. The test shows that although puffed food tastes delicious, it belongs to food with high fat, high calorie and low crude fiber in terms of composition and structure. From the analysis of diet structure, it has some defects and can only be eaten occasionally. Long-term consumption of puffed food will lead to high intake of oil and heat and insufficient intake of crude fiber. If you don't exercise enough, it will cause fat accumulation and obesity. Children often eat puffed food, which will affect the normal diet, lead to a variety of nutrients can not be guaranteed and supplied, prone to malnutrition. Puffed food is generally high in salt and monosodium glutamate, which will easily lead to hypertension and cardiovascular disease in children's adulthood. These are not good for the healthy growth of children.
Seven: nutritional supplements must not be eaten at will.
Parents believe that giving children supplements will promote their growth and development, and they hope to improve their intelligence through it. Therefore, they will buy various nutritional tonics, such as ginseng, velvet antler, donkey-hide gelatin, cordyceps sinensis, pollen and other nutrients. I don't know, these supplements may be beneficial to adults, but they often cause many adverse consequences to children, such as loss of appetite and precocious puberty. Because these supplements contain hormones and trace active substances, they have an impact on children's normal physiological metabolism. If the child is indeed weaker than other children, it is best to use it dialectically under the guidance of a doctor, and you can't give it to the child at will, otherwise it will only help.
Eight: Eating jelly often will hinder nutrient absorption.
Most of the jellies sold in the market are not made of fruits, but are made of thickening agents such as sodium alginate, agar, gelatin and carrageenan, and a small amount of synthetic flavors, artificial colorants, sweeteners and acidulants. Although sodium alginate and agar are dietary fibers, excessive absorption will affect the absorption of fat and protein, especially inorganic salts such as iron and zinc will be combined into soluble or insoluble mixtures, thus affecting the absorption and utilization of these trace elements by the body.
Nine: Coke and coffee should not be drunk by children.
A large number of studies have found that drinking coffee and caffeinated drinks often is not good for children's health. Caffeine is actually a stimulant, which mainly acts on the central nervous system, stimulating heart muscle contraction, accelerating heartbeat and breathing. If children drink too much caffeine, they will have headaches, dizziness, irritability, accelerated heart rhythm, shortness of breath and other symptoms. In severe cases, they will also cause muscle tremors and hand tremors when writing. Caffeine is irritating, which can stimulate gastric peristalsis and gastric acid secretion, causing intestinal spasm. Children who often drink coffee are prone to unexplained abdominal pain, and long-term excessive intake of caffeine will lead to chronic gastritis. Caffeine can dilate the capillaries on the gastrointestinal wall, and children's bone development will also be affected. At the same time, caffeine can also destroy vitamin B 1 in children, causing vitamin B 1 deficiency.
Ten: foreign fast food should not be eaten because of its single nutrition.
Even if foreign fast food does not contain "Sudan Red", there are still great problems in the nutrition ratio: high calorie, high fat and unreasonable combination of meat and vegetables ... If you only eat it once or twice occasionally, the harm to children's health can not be ignored if you patronize it frequently. According to Professor Huo from the College of Food Engineering, North Agricultural University, foreign fast food is mainly fried and roasted. According to calculation, the energy provided by fat in a foreign fast food children's set meal accounts for 50% of the total energy, while the content of vitamins is less than 10% of the fat. The scientific nutrition standard is that 58% of food calories come from carbohydrates, 30% from fat, and 12% comes from protein. According to this standard, foreign fast food mainly based on hamburgers is just the opposite, with "three highs"; High calorie, high fat and high protein; "Three lows", low in minerals, vitamins and fiber. High calorie and high fat can lead to obesity. Professor Huo also pointed out that for children, the influence of foreign fast food will be more obvious, and if children eat foreign fast food for a long time, it will have a negative impact on their physical development over time. In the "hometown" of foreign fast food, 1 person in every four people eats fast food, so 37% Americans are overweight. Now some developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan have regarded KFC and other fast food as junk food. It is because of its single nutritional structure that eating it often can lead to diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
The importance of kindergarten diet
1. Nutritional diet plays a vital role in the growth and development of young children.
3-6-year-old children are in the period of vigorous growth and development, and they must get enough nutrients from their diet every day to meet their needs for growth, development and life activities. If children lack some nutrition and insufficient heat supply for a long time, it will not only affect their growth and development, but also cause many diseases.
2. Two extremes of children's nutritional status in China
At present, there are two phenomena in children's nutrition in China: undernutrition and overnutrition.
Insufficient nutrition means that children can't get enough nutrition every day, and the consequence is that children's intelligence can't get enough nutrition, and their immunity decreases, which leads to an increase in mortality and an increase in chronic diseases in adulthood; Overnutrition is the overnutrition that children consume every day, and the consequence is that children become obese, which makes adults susceptible to cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver, diabetes and other non-infectious diseases. According to relevant reports, more than 80% of obese children before the age of 2 are obese for life, so it is very important to eat reasonably every day from childhood.
3. Seven kinds of nutrients that children need every day
The reasonable nutrition of children means that the diet contains all the nutrients and calories needed by the body. The food intake meets the physical and mental needs of children, is easy to digest, promotes appetite, and does not contain substances harmful to the body. Children can eat on time and regularly. Reasonable nutrition embodied in diet is called balanced diet.
4. Recommended amount of various foods for children every day
Childhood is a critical period for human growth and development, and nutrition must be balanced. At the same time, food selection is also very important. Therefore, according to scientific summary and long-term human practice, children should choose the following foods as the source of nutrition every day.
Suggestions on diet in kindergarten
1, the diet is up to standard. Kindergartens should formulate adequate nutrition and reasonable proportion recipes for all ages to ensure that the daily intake of nutrients, vitamins and minerals reaches the standard. Do not replace milk with milk-containing drinks; Do not provide drinks containing food additives and foods containing genetically modified organisms.
Food other than buns, dumplings, cakes, dumplings, cakes, cakes, rolls, strips, rice, porridge, steamed bread, zongzi, steamed dumplings, frozen fruits and vegetables shall not be used to replace snacks; Candy and fried food shall not be provided, and sweets shall be minimized. At least 1 dietary survey and nutritional assessment should be conducted every quarter, and 1 nutritional monitoring should be conducted at least once a year to guide parents to feed scientifically.
2. There are many kinds. Kindergartens should reasonably choose the types and quantities of food according to the food supply situation in the local and seasonal markets, combined with the standard of food expenses, try to reduce the purchase of off-season fruits and vegetables, and realize zero inventory of fruits, vegetables and meat.
Chinese and western foods are combined, and the color, fragrance, taste and shape of meals are suitable for infants and young children. Five kinds of foods, such as cereal potatoes, animal foods, beans and products, fruits and vegetables, fungi and algae, and pure energy foods, are guaranteed to be supplied every day, and daily meals are prepared according to the principle of similar exchange and variety, so that soup and vegetables are provided every meal, repeated dishes are not provided every week, and the recipes with quantity are changed every 1-2 weeks.
3. Eat scientifically. In principle, kindergartens should provide three meals at two o'clock, and reasonably determine the meal time, in which breakfast should not be later than 8: 30, small class dinner should not be earlier than16: 40, and large class dinner should not be earlier than17: 00. Create a relaxed and pleasant dining atmosphere, arrange the dining links well, do not organize exercise half an hour before the meal, eat for 20-30 minutes after each meal, rest for 10- 15 minutes after the meal, and do not rush or pack food.
4. Classified management. Kindergartens should set up separate food storage places, and be equipped with good ventilation, moisture-proof, rat-proof and other facilities. Food storage should be classified, with partition wall 15cm and 20cm off the ground, and placed according to the principle of first-in and first-out, and different areas should be clearly marked.
Bulk food should be stored in containers that meet the safety requirements, and the name, production date, shelf life, supplier and contact information of the food should be marked at the storage location. Food and raw materials for infants and adults are stored separately.
5, regular inventory. The goods in the canteen shall be put into storage, checked, kept and delivered out by a special person, and the quantity shall be checked, the quality shall be inspected, the formalities shall be complete and the materials, documents, accounts and tables shall be consistent. Inventory shall be settled on a daily basis, and relevant personnel shall sign the inventory certificate after the inventory.
The canteen should determine the reasonable inventory according to the daily consumption, and the spoiled and expired food should be cleaned and destroyed in time according to the regulations, and the sales supervision procedures should be handled to prevent the spoiled, expired, and three-no food from entering or leaving the warehouse. The warehouse is cleaned daily.
Articles about the knowledge of food safety in kindergartens;
★ Basic knowledge about children's food safety
★ Kindergarten food safety education and publicity tips
★ Introduction of Kindergarten Food Safety Knowledge
★ Introduction of food safety knowledge in kindergartens
★ Complete knowledge of food safety in kindergartens
★ What are the precautions for kindergarten food safety?
★ Complete knowledge of children's food hygiene
★ Children's food safety tips
★ Kindergarten food safety publicity knowledge
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