1. The idiom "惨淡经营", in Chinese, pinyin is cǎndànjīngyíng, which originally means to conceive with great painstaking effort, now describes to engage in something with great effort. The meaning of "miserable" is to take great pains.

2, source: this idiom is from a poem by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, "Danqing Citation for General Cao Ba": "The edict says that the general refers to the silk and veil, and that the intention of the artisan is in the midst of a dismal operation."

3. Near-synonyms: painstakingly, painstakingly.

4. Antonyms: no purpose.

5. Idiom usage: partial formal; as predicate, determiner; describing painstaking planning and work.