(1) agricultural control
1, select improved varieties.
It is an economical and effective method to select excellent varieties suitable for local high yield, disease resistance, disease resistance and stress resistance and reduce the use of pesticides. Early-middle-maturing heat-resistant and stress-resistant varieties such as Ehong Hongyi, Ehong No.2, Huahong 1, Huahong No.2 and Ziting No.2, and late-maturing varieties such as millet.
2. Rotation
Continuous cropping of single variety is the main reason for the increase of continuous cropping diseases such as soft rot and clubroot, so it should be paid attention to the rotation with non-cruciferous vegetable crops such as eggplant, melon, bean, green onion and leek for more than 3 years.
3. Seed quarantine
Quarantine the newly introduced varieties to prevent foreign germs from being brought into the vegetable producing area.
4, high-temperature egg killing and sterilization of seedbed soil
The seedbed for seedling raising is covered with black plastic film in high temperature weather in summer, so that the temperature of seedbed soil is generally above 40℃, and bacteria and eggs die.
5. Deep tillage and soil improvement
Attention should be paid to improving the soil ecological environment, ploughing more than 30 cm of soil in summer, and destroying the living environment of germs and eggs; By applying quicklime and plant ash, the contents of exchangeable ionized calcium, magnesium and potassium can be increased, the soil pH value can be increased, the soil acidification tendency can be inhibited, and the soil ecological environment for crop growth can be improved.
6. Control soil moisture
Low-lying land and paddy field have high soil moisture and poor drainage, which easily leads to concentrated occurrence of pests and diseases. When planting red cabbage moss in low-lying land and rice fields, we should pay attention to the whole box-type mode of deep ditch and high ridge to make the drainage smooth and avoid water accumulation. Rain-shelter cultivation can be used to control soil moisture in alpine vegetable areas.
7. Formulated fertilization
The absorption ratio of red cabbage moss to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1: 0.3: 1. Determine the soil nutrient content, implement formula fertilization, add decomposed organic fertilizer, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer together to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
8. Clean the countryside
Thoroughly eliminate plant residues of pests and diseases, cut off the route of transmission, and remove the sick and disabled.
(2) Biological control
1. Prepare bacteriostatic soil to increase the content of beneficial bacteria in the soil. Sterile soil and biological agents containing beneficial bacteria, such as rhizosphere ecological restoration agent and continuous cropping agent, are used in a certain proportion to increase the content of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizosphere ecological environment of vegetable crops and inhibit the growth of rhizosphere bacteria.
2. Use Nongkang 120, Wu Yimin and Duokangling to control fungal diseases.
3. Use streptomycin to control bacterial diseases in farmland.
4. Using the attenuated plant virus strain N 14 to control virus diseases; Using 83 antibody enhancer to prevent and treat viral diseases.
5. Use Bt emulsion, avermectin and virus insecticide to control Pieris rapae and other pests;
6. Use biological natural enemies to control pests, such as releasing natural enemies such as Trichogramma to control pests.
(3) Physical prevention and control
1, hang the insecticidal board.
Homoptera aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, etc. ; Liriomyza huidobrensis, species flies, etc. ; Many pests, such as thrips, are sensitive to yellow and blue and have a strong tendency. Hang 30-40 yellow boards or blue boards with the size of 30×25 cm per mu, and hang them between rows or plants, which is higher than the top of plants 15-20 cm. Yellow board can trap and kill aphids, liriomyza huidobrensis and whiteflies, while blue board can trap and kill seed flies and thrips.
2, hanging insecticidal lamp
Hanging 1 frequency insecticidal lamp every 30-50 mu has good trapping and killing effect on Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura.
3. The application of insect net can not only effectively prevent pests, reduce or exempt the application of chemical pesticides, but also become one of the important and effective comprehensive control measures. When the temperature is high in July and August, increasing watering times, keeping the humidity in the net and cooling by humidity can basically avoid the harm of various vegetable pests such as Pieris rapae, Liriomyza sativae, aphid, silk moth, Pieris rapae, beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, striped flea beetle, simian leaf worm, Pieris rapae, Helicoverpa armigera, ladybug and whitefly.