First, seedling cultivation

1? Cultivation water: the water quality of source water should meet the requirements of GB 1 1607, and the cultivation water quality should meet the requirements of NY5052. Water should be used after precipitation, filtration and other treatments.

2? Cultivation pond: cement pond is suitable, with an area of10 ~ 50 square meters, and complete facilities for irrigation and drainage, temperature control, oxygenation and light control. In late spring and early summer, cage culture can also be used in shrimp ponds.

3? Cultivation density: the suitable cultivation density of larvae is (10 ~ 20) ×104 fish/m3.

4? Cultivation management: ① Water quality: change the pool water according to the water quality, keep the dissolved oxygen above 5mg/L, keep aeration, and suck the residual bait and dirt in time. ② Feeding, and the feed used should meet the requirements of NY5072. The feed size is palatable, and micro-particle compound feed is suitable. The daily feeding rate of compound feed is 5% ~15%, and the daily feeding rate of biological bait is 30% ~ 70%, and it is fed 4 ~ 8 times a day. ③ Disease prevention: filter and disinfect the culture water, and the drug use should meet the requirements of NY507 1.

5? Seedlings coming out of the pond: Siphon drainage is adopted for cement pond cultivation, and then drainage holes are opened for drainage, and seedlings are collected and come out of the pond. The fry of Penaeus chinensis should conform to GB/T15101? For other prawns, please refer to GB/T15101? 2 execute. The larvae should be healthy shrimps without specific pathogen (SPF) when they leave the pond for quarantine.

Second, cultivate facilities

1? Site selection: pollution-free muddy or sandy wasteland, saline-alkali land and coastal areas suitable for breeding.

2? Water environment: the seawater source should meet the requirements of GB 1 1607, and the cultivated water quality should meet the requirements of NY5052. Tidal current in aquaculture water intake area should be smooth.

3? Facilities: ① Cultivation pond. A large-scale shrimp pond on the beach is rectangular, with an area of1~ 7 hectares. The bottom of the pond is flat and slightly inclined to the drain, with a slope of 0? About 2%, so that the water at the bottom of the pool can be drained. Make the bottom of the pool watertight, and add anti-leakage materials when necessary. Water inlet and drainage facilities are arranged at the opposite ends of the cultivation pond. High-density intensive culture ponds are divided into muddy ponds and cement ponds, with an area of 0? 1 ~1hectare, square or round, pool depth1? 5～2? 5 meters, the center of the pool is equipped with a blowdown hole. ② Develop pool supporting facilities. To build a shrimp pond in the intertidal zone, it is necessary to build a main breakwater. The main dike should have strong wind and wave resistance. Generally, the height of the dike should be above the local highest tide level 1 m, the width of the dike top should be above 6m, the slope of the sea surface should be1:3 ~ 5, and the internal slope should be1:2 ~ 3. The reservoir should be completely drained, and the water capacity should be more than1/3 of the total cultivated water body. By means of circulating water, after the water in the cultivation pond is discharged, it should first enter the treatment pond, and then enter the reservoir after purification. Without circulating water, the developed wastewater should also pass through the treatment tank before being discharged. In the centralized shrimp culture area, it is necessary to build water inlet and drainage channels, coordinate the water inlet and drainage of each culture field and culture pond, and keep the water inlet and drainage outlet as far away as possible. The width of the drainage channel should be larger than the intake channel, and the bottom of the drainage channel must be lower than the bottom of the corresponding shrimp pond drainage gate by more than 30 cm. For the shrimp culture methods of high-density intensive culture and water storage culture, oxygen-increasing equipment should be equipped, the soil pond can be equipped with oxygen-increasing machine, and the cement pond can be equipped with air pump and blower. In areas where there are many crab analogies, a smooth plastic film or thin plate anti-crab wall with a height of 30 ~ 40 cm should be placed around the pond embankment.

Third, the preparatory work

1? Clean up the whole pond: after shrimp harvest, the accumulated water in the cultivation pond, reservoirs and ditches should be drained, the floodgates should be closed to dry the pond, the dams and gates should be maintained, and the dirt and sundries at the bottom of the pond should be removed, especially the weeds. Where the sediment is thick, it should be ploughed and exposed or washed repeatedly to promote the decomposition and discharge of organic matter. Do not directly stir up the sludge in the pool and wash it directly into the sea.

2? Disinfection and disinfestation: after cleaning the whole pond, the enemy organisms, pathogenic organisms and intermediate hosts carrying the pathogen of prawns should be removed. Quicklime is commonly used to clean the pond. After the pond water is drained to 30 ~ 40 cm, the whole pond is sprinkled with quicklime, and the dosage is about 1000 kg/ha.

3? Basic bait for breeding by taking water: After cleaning and disinfecting the whole pond1~ 2 days, water can be taken and basic biological bait can be cultivated.

4? Fertilizer use: Fertilizer use should follow the following principles: ① Fertilization should be balanced and the use of high-quality organic fertilizer should be advocated. In the structure of fertilizer application, the proportion of organic fertilizer shall not be less than 50%; ② The total amount of fertilizer used should be controlled, and the nitrate content in water should be below 40 mg/L; ③ Chemical or biological fertilizers that have not been registered by the national or provincial agricultural departments shall not be used, and organic fertilizers shall be fully fermented before they can be used.

Fourth, the key points of seedling release

1? Seeding environment: when seeding, the depth of the pool water is 60 ~ 80 cm, and the transparency of the pool water is about 40 cm. Seedlings should not be released in windy and rainstorm days.

2? Seed specification: Penaeus vannamei 0? More than 7 cm, China prawn fry 1 cm, Penaeus monodon fry 1? 3～ 1? More than 5 cm.

3? Seedling release density: the appropriate seedling release density is (6 ~10) ×104 fish/hectare in large-scale shrimp ponds on tidal flat; In the intensive culture pond with high density, the seedling density should be (25 ~ 50 )×104 fish/hectare.

4? Water temperature: the water temperature of China prawn fry should be above 14℃, and that of Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon fry should be above 22℃.

5? Salinity: the salinity of the pool water should be1~ 32. The salinity difference between the shrimp fry culture pond, the intermediate culture pond and the culture pond should be less than 5. When the salinity difference between the pond water is more than 5, the shrimp fry can be acclimated to the change of salinity, and the gradual transition salinity difference within 24 hours is usually less than 10.

Five, cultivate management

1? Water environment control: ① Water quality management. Before the seedlings are released, clean or sterilized cultivation water is injected into the cultivation pond. After the seedlings are released, the cultivation water should be precipitated and purified in the reservoir. ② Water quantity and water exchange. In the early stage of cultivation, add 3 ~ 5 cm of water every day until the water level is above 1 m, and keep the water level. In the middle and late stage of cultivation, according to the water quality situation, if the transparency is too low (less than 20 cm) or too high (more than 80 cm), when harmful unicellular algae multiply excessively, change the water as appropriate, and adjust the water quality by changing the water slowly.

2? Feed management: ① feed quality. The quality, safety and hygiene of compound feed should comply with the provisions of SC2002 and NY5072. ② Feed dosage. The daily feeding rate of conventional compound feed is 3% ~ 5%, and the daily feeding rate of fresh fish is 7% ~10%. In practice, the theoretical daily feeding amount should be calculated according to the mantissa, average weight, body length and daily feeding rate of prawns, and then the daily feeding amount should be determined according to the feeding situation and weather conditions. After feeding, continue to observe the feeding situation of prawns and adjust the feeding amount. ③ Feeding method of compound feed. At the initial stage after the seedlings are released, they are usually fed four times a day. Later, with the growth of prawns, the amount of feed is increased, and the daily feeding times are adjusted. The feeding amount after the afternoon accounts for about 60% of the whole day's feeding amount. In the early stage of cultivation, the activity range of shrimp is small, so it should be fed evenly in the whole pool. With the growth of prawns, the places where prawns often gather can be selected for feeding.

3? Measurement: Daily measurement of water quality factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, transparency and salinity of pool water. Change of species and quantity of plankton in the pond should be detected frequently, and changes of other water quality factors such as ammonia and nitrogen can be detected if conditions permit. The growth of prawns was measured every 5 ~10 days. The length and weight of prawns can be measured, and the mantissa should be greater than 50 each time. Regularly estimate the number of prawns in the pond, and in outdoor large-scale shrimp culture ponds, the rotary net can be used to draw nets at multiple points in the pond for sampling and determination.

Six, disease prevention and control

1? Patrol the pond: shrimp farmers should patrol the pond once every morning and evening, pay attention to removing crabs and rodents around the shrimp pond, find sick and dead shrimps, check the cause and cause of death, and fish out the sick and dead shrimps in time for treatment. Observe the activity and distribution of prawns, and observe the feeding and feed utilization of prawns.

2? Cut off the pathogen: it is not allowed to be included in the water discharged from other dead shrimp ponds and diseased shrimp ponds, and it is not allowed to feed bait with pathogens.

3? Pathogen detection: the pathogen in the prawn pond is detected regularly.

4? Drug use: drug use should meet the requirements of NY507 1, and master the following principles: ① The fishery drugs used should have complete "three certificates" (fishery drug registration certificate, fishery drug production approval certificate and implementation standard number); ② Drugs with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue should be used, and ecological preparations are recommended. Do not use pool cleaning and disinfection with highly toxic pesticides such as organophosphorus.

Seven, cultivate the harvest

Take the method of draining water to collect shrimp, or use fixed traps or special power grids for fishing.

I hope it helps you.