Medicinal velvet antler is the young horn of mammalia Cervi Pantotrichum and sika Cervi Pantotrichum in Chordata. It is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, sweet, salty and warm in nature. It enters the kidney and liver meridians, and has the functions of strengthening yang, nourishing essence and blood, and strengthening bones and muscles.
China Pharmacopoeia divides velvet antler into velvet antler and velvet antler. Pilose antler has cylindrical branches and its trunk is often called "Dali". In the classification of its varieties, there are often other classification methods due to different drug habits in different places, which are summarized as follows.
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Floral velvet: also known as floral velvet, plush, yellow velvet, yellow velvet and plum velvet. It's the young horn of sika deer. Location: Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei and other provinces.
Pilose antler: also known as pilose antler, grass pilose antler, red pilose antler, eight-pronged pilose antler, green pilose antler and green pilose antler. For the young horns of red deer and stag. Location: Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places: also known as East Antlers. Produced in Changbai Mountain area, with good quality.
West velvet antler is produced in the northwest of China. Poor quality.
Tendons and antlers: refers to a person who is soft all over. Good quality.
White-lipped deer antler: also known as rock antler, it is the young horn of animal white-lipped deer. Location: Tibet, Yunnan, Qinghai, Sichuan and other places.
Water deer antler: Also known as spring deer antler, it is the young horn of animal water deer. It is produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Taiwan Province and other places.
White velvet antler: also known as grass velvet antler, it is the young horn of animal white deer. Location: West Sichuan.
Deer antler tablets: the original medicine is burnt to remove hair, scraped clean, filled with hot wine, roasted on fire until soft, or steamed thoroughly in a cage, sliced, flattened and dried.
Deer antler piece: Deer antler piece processed from velvet antler.
Green velvet piece: velvet piece processed from velvet antler.
Pilose antler blood tablet: also known as blood velvet tablet and blood tablet. This is the top part of velvet antler.
According to the processing method of antlers, it is made by slicing. Tender in quality, oily as fat, and colored as beeswax, with the best quality. The top of pilose antler is large, and the first layer of crystal looks like wax, which is called wax sheet. Wax chips, special powder, powder chips, sand chips and bone chips can be obtained at different parts during slicing.
Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum powder tablet: According to the processing method of cornu Cervi Pantotrichum tablet, the root of cornu Cervi Pantotrichum is sliced. Old quality, poor oiliness, white color and poor quality. There can be wax tablets, special powder, powder tablets, sand tablets, bone tablets and so on.
What is the classification of velvet antler?
There are many ways to classify velvet antler, but most of them are classified according to the color, origin, collection method and quality of velvet antler, as described in detail below.
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1. According to the color of velvet.
(1) Tricholoma matsutake
Also known as velvet antler, it is the ossified young horn of sika deer. Flammulina velutipes is mainly produced in Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Beijing and other places in China.
(2) Green cat down
Also known as red deer antler, it is the ossified young horn of red deer.
Qingmaorong is produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Gansu in China. The antler produced in Northeast China is called Dongmarong, also known as Guanmarong, and its quality is good. Pilose antler produced in northwest China is called sago antler, but its quality is poor.
2. According to the collection method of velvet antler.
(1) saw wool
Bucks grow wool from the second year after birth, and generally start sawing wool from the third year after birth. Most of them are cylindrical branches, the top of which is blunt and round, large and quite long, 14 ~ 30cm, and most of them have 1~3 side branches. There are gray-black ribs between branches, the lateral branches are 9 ~ 18cm long, slightly thinner in diameter than the main branches, the kerf surface is white and old, the periphery is often ossified, and the honeycomb pores are dense. The older sawn wool is sparse and rough, with longitudinal ribs on the lower surface and light body.
Two-stalk velvet can be harvested twice a year, so it is also called one-crop velvet and two-crop velvet.
You can harvest 1~2 times a year. If it is harvested twice a year, it will be harvested 45-60 days after the first harvest in Tomb-Sweeping Day, which is customarily called "the first crop"; The second time was around beginning of autumn, and the collected velvet antler was called "the second crop of velvet antler". The first pile of cashmere: Tating is in proportion to Menzhuang (the side branch from kerf 1 cm), with proper proportion, round shape, beautiful appearance, thick cashmere skin, brownish red or brownish yellow, fine and soft cashmere, regular arrangement and distribution, and over 95% kerf is oval, with no ossification ring, and the cashmere is soft and light. Secondary pile: also called regenerated pile. The quality of regenerated cashmere is poor, easy to identify, and flower forks are rare, usually flower stripes. The regenerated flowers are big and tall, which doesn't match the gate. The big one is long but not round or thick, and the bottom is thin and the top is thin. Most of them are flat, with irregular prisms, convex and concave surfaces and short gates. The velvet skin is thin, mostly grayish brown, and there are few dark brown hairs. The cashmere is rough and hard, and some vertical hairs are thick and black, with a specific fluffy shape and irregular vertical arrangement in bundles. The incision is not round, it is almost square, and the ossified ring can be seen. The outer ring of the incision is ossified, and the velvet body is thick and odorless. Before sawing velvet antler, give rich feed and isolate it from the doe, so that you can get heavy and large quality velvet antler.
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(2) Chop velvet
It is rarely used now, because this method will hurt deer. Chopping is suitable for old deer or residual deer growing for 6~ 10 years. The method is to cut off the deer head, and then saw off the velvet antler and skull. Broken velvet refers to the velvet antler attached to the skull, which has the same shape as sawed velvet, but its horns and brain bones are annular, and its surface is rough or has raised protrusions (nails). The front end of the brain bone is relatively uniform, and there are a pair of curved bones on both sides of the back end, commonly known as "tiger teeth", and the surface of the brain bone has fur. The above velvet antler is thick and full, tender and oily. Whether it is sawing or chopping velvet, the obtained velvet antler has to undergo extremely complicated processing before it can become a medicinal material for clinical application.
3. According to the branch shape of velvet antler.
(1) The trunk of Tating velvet is called Tating.
(2) A single pilose antler with 1 side branch is called "single door".
(3) The primary cashmere is cylindrical or conical fluff without bifurcation. Also known as primary antlers.
(4) Velvet antler with 1 lateral branches is called "velvet antler", which is tender, smooth and of good quality.
(5) Pilose antler with two lateral branches is called "lotus antler", the stem is 33cm in size, the lower part is ribbed, the cross section is honeycomb, and the mouth is big and small.
(6) Pilose antler with two lateral branches and pilose antler with three lateral branches are collectively referred to as "trident pilose antler". Due to the long growth time, Cephalotaxus fortunei is darker in color, older in texture, thick in fluff, with ridges and protrusions at the lower part of the big stem and hairless at the top of the branches.
(7) Red deer antler with four lateral branches is called "square velvet".
4. According to the animal source of velvet antler.
(1) velvet antler
That is, velvet antler from sika deer, also known as "yellow velvet antler".
(2) Pilose antler
That is, velvet antler from red deer, also known as "green velvet". In addition, there are many substitutes for velvet antler, such as velvet antler from moose, white deer, water deer and reindeer, and the clinical effect is also good.
5. According to the processing method of velvet antler.
(1) bleeding velvet
It basically keeps its true color, shiny, soft in color and uniform in tone, with only traces of blood vessels at the base, white in cut seam and light in hand feel. When pressed by hand, the tablet is elastic, the colloid is transparent and gelatinous, the epidermis is light brown or grayish yellow, the smell is slightly fishy and the taste is slightly salty.
(2) velvet with blood
The appearance of black velvet has obvious traces of blood vessels on the skin at the base. The shape of the pieces is the same as above, the skin is hard, the skin color is grayish yellow, and the pieces are mostly black or blood velvet. The top layer is white as wax, oily as grease, and the smell is fishy and salty.
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6. According to the processing method of decoction pieces.
(1) velvet antler tablets
In the process of processing, the characteristics, names and quality of velvet pieces are different because of different sections. Deer antler slices are round and thin, fluffy, translucent, slightly shiny, hard and brittle, slightly fishy and slightly salty, and can be divided into blood slices (wax slices), powder slices and old horn slices. The antlers at the tip of the horn are blood tablets, the middle and upper parts are powder tablets, and the lower parts are old horn tablets. The surface of pilose antler blood slice is light brown or yellowish white, the skin is boneless, reddish brown or brown, and the quality is tough; The vermicelli and the old horn are thick, with white or light brown surface, honeycomb pores in the middle, boneless or slightly boneless skin, rough periphery, reddish brown or brown. The surface and periphery of red velvet blood slice are gray-black, and the center is beige. The blood section is thick and boneless, and tough. Powder tablets and old horn tablets are thick, with fine honeycomb holes, thick skin, no bone or a little bone.
(2) Pilose antler powder
It is grayish white or beige powder, slightly fishy and slightly salty.
At present, there are many imitations of velvet antler. The common methods for identifying the appearance of velvet antler introduced above are widely used in practical work, but they are still not perfect. It is necessary to carefully identify and adopt other microscopic and physical and chemical identification methods to prevent people from taking fake velvet antler.