Efficacy and function of Glehnia littoralis
This product is a commonly used Chinese medicine. Always "Shennong Herbal Classic". All the ancient materia medica are southern and northern Adenophora adenophora. To the source of materia medica in Qing dynasty, it was divided into two kinds: northern glehnia root and southern glehnia root. It is used to think that Glehnia littoralis is of good quality, and Glehnia littoralis is the main medicinal material.
(1) Glehnia littoralis
Alias: Coral dish, Adenophora adenophora in northern Liaoning.
Source: The dried root of Coral, a perennial herb of Umbelliferae. Cultivated products.
Origin: mainly produced in Laiyang, Yantai, Wendeng, Haiyang, Gaiping, Fuxian, Hebei and other places in Shandong. Now other provinces introduce more varieties.
Plant morphology: perennial herb, 7 ~ 35 cm high, all covered with grayish brown fluff. The root is slender, cylindrical, with a length of15 ~ 35cm and a diameter of 0.5 ~1.5cm, with few branches. The stem is partially buried underground, and the aboveground part is upright and unbranched. Leaves arise from the base, alternate, with long stalks, as long as 12 cm, with broad sheath-like base and membranous edge; The leaves are ovoid, with tricuspid splitting to bipinnately divided. The lobes are ovoid, with a length of1.5 ~ 6 cm and a width of1~ 4 cm. The edges are serrated with different sizes, and the leaves are thick. The compound umbel is terminal, the total handle is 4 ~10 cm long, without involucre, the umbrella width is10 ~14 cm long,1~ 2 cm long, unequal in length, and the small involucre bracts are 8 ~12, lanceolate and flowery. Flowers white, 5 petals. Double hanging fruit, spherical or oval, with a diameter of 1 cm and brown coarse hair; A schizocarp has five horns.
Collecting and processing: harvesting in autumn. Dig the roots, remove the stems, leaves and fibrous roots, wash the soil, scald it in boiling water for a while, take it out and let it cool, peel off the skin, and dry it in the sun or oven. There are also some that are directly dried without peeling.
Character identification: peeled Glehnia littoralis is slender and cylindrical, with a length of15 ~ 35cm and a middle diameter of 0.3 ~1cm; The top is slightly thinner, with broken stems, the middle is slightly thicker, and the bottom is tapered. The surface is yellowish white and rough, with fine longitudinal wrinkles or furrows and fine cracks, brown lenticels and most protruding fibrous roots. All gelatinized cutin-like It is hard and brittle, easy to break, irregular in cross section, showing ray-like patterns, with white or yellowish centroid in the middle, accounting for about 1/3 of the diameter, with annular cambium, brownish yellow, yellowish white phloem, slight gas and light and sweet taste.
Sun-dried Glehnia littoralis with skin, light brown skin, white pink phloem in cross section, the rest are the same as above.
It is better to have slender and uniform roots, yellowish white or white ballast and firm and brittle quality.
Main ingredients: containing biological alkali and starch.
Efficacy and function: nourishing yin and clearing lung, eliminating deficiency-heat and treating dry cough. Experiments show that it has mild expectorant effect.
Processing: cutting mouth, raw use.
Sexual taste: sweet and light, slightly cold.
Meridian tropism: entering the lung and stomach meridians.
Function: nourishing yin and clearing lung, benefiting stomach and promoting fluid production.
Indications: lung heat and yin injury, dry cough, dry stomach, dry throat and thirst.
Clinical application: It is often used for moistening dryness.
1, for dry cough due to lung deficiency (chronic cough, dry cough, scanty phlegm and insufficient body fluid), so dry cough due to pulmonary tuberculosis and senile chronic tracheitis should be treated with Radix Glehniae, often combined with Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, and Folium Mori, so as to strengthen the moistening effect, and the recipe is as follows: Radix Glehniae and Radix Ophiopogonis Drink. You can also take 6g of Radix Glehniae powder alone (or 3g of Radix Glycyrrhizae powder) with boiled water. Can be taken for a long time.
2. After treating fever, yin deficiency and body fluid deficiency (equivalent to the recovery period of infectious diseases with fever), dry throat, thirst, dry stool, weak pulse, or deficiency heat. At this time, Radix Glehniae is used with Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Rehmanniae to moisten dryness by clearing away residual heat, which is like Yiwei Decoction.
Caution: Radix Glehniae is nourishing and moist, which is not conducive to the expression of pathogenic factors, so it is not suitable for those who cough with excess heat and greasy pulse. Traditionally, Radix Glehniae is mostly used for chronic cough of people with physical weakness, but it is generally not used for cough in the early stage of exogenous diseases, acute upper respiratory tract inflammation and acute tracheitis. When it must be used, it should also be combined with Radix Puerariae, Semen Sojae Preparata and Cortex Gardeniae to help relieve exterior syndrome and clear heat.
Dosage: 6 ~15g. Used for cleaning, the amount can be slightly larger.
Prescription example: Beishashen Maidong Drink "Differentiation of Epidemic Febrile Diseases": 9g of Beishashen, 6g of Ophiopogon japonicus, 9g of Polygonatum odoratum, 9g of raw lentils, 6g of winter mulberry leaves, 4.5g of pollen and 3g of raw licorice, which are decocted in water. Add 3g of cortex Lycii after a long heat and cough.
Yiwei decoction: Radix Glehniae 12g, Radix Rehmanniae 15g, Radix Ophiopogonis 9g, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati 9g, crystal sugar 15g (dissolved), decocted in water.
Introduction of Glehnia littoralis
Morphological feature editing
Perennial herbs. The whole plant is hairy, and the distinction between taproot and lateral root is obvious. The taproot is cylindrical and slender, with a length of 30~40cm and a diameter of 0.5~ 1.5cm. The meat is dense, the skin is yellow and white, the fibrous root is small, and it is planted on the taproot, with few lateral roots. Basal leaves are ovate or broadly triangular, pinnately divided or pinnately divided 2-3 times, with long stalks; The leaves on the upper part of the stem are ovate, and the edges have triangular serrations. Compound umbel terminal, densely covered with grayish brown fluff; Umbrella width10 ~14, unequal length; Involucral bracts 8 ~12, linear-lanceolate; Pedicel ca. 30; The flowers are small and white. Double bilberry is nearly spherical, densely furry and ribbed. The flowering period is May to July, and the fruiting period is June to August. Born on the beach by the sea. Glehnia littoralis is mainly distributed in Penglai, Shandong, Anguo, Hebei and Niujiayingzi, Inner Mongolia [1].
Perennial herb, 5-20cm tall. The whole plant is white pilose. The taproot is slender, cylindrical, 30cm long and 0.5- 1.5cm thick, with few branches. The stem exposed above the ground is short, and the underground part is elongated. The basal leaves are thick and have long stalks; The petiole is 5- 15cm long, with a broad sheath at the base and a membranous edge;
The outline of the leaf is oval to triangular oval, divided into three parts or divided into three parts with two pinnate parts. The last lobe is obovate to ovoid, with a length of 1-6cm and a width of 1-4cm. The tip is rounded to an acute point, the base is wedge-shaped to a truncated shape, the edge has notched serrations, and the tooth edge is white with cartilaginous bones. Petiole and vein have fine bristles; The shape of cauline leaves is similar to that of basal leaves, and the base of petiole gradually expands into sheath shape. The compound umbel is terminal, densely grayish brown villous, with a diameter of 3-6cm and a peduncle length of 2-6cm; Umbrella spoke 8- 16, unequal length, length 1-3cm; No involucral bracts; Small involucral bracts are several, linear-lanceolate, and the edges and back will be pilose; The umbel has flowers 15-20; Calyx teeth 5, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, sparsely coarse; Petals white; Style base short conical. The hanging fruit is spherical and oval, with a length of 6- 13mm and a width of 6- 10mm, which must be brown villous and fluffy. The fruit edges have cork wings, and the meristem is oblate and oval in cross section, with five edges and corners. The commissure surface is flat, and there are many oil pipes, which are connected in a circle, and the endosperm ventral surface is slightly concave. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from June to August.
Coral dish (Miscellanies of Jianghuai), also known as: coastal Fangfeng.
Perennial herb, 5 ~ 35 cm tall. The taproot is slender and cylindrical. Most of the stems are buried in the sand and some of them are exposed to the ground. Leaves basal, alternate; Petiole long, sheath-like at base; Leaf blade ovoid, 3-episodic splitting to 2-pinnate splitting, and finally the lobes are ovoid, the apex is round or acuminate, the base is truncated, the edge is engraved, and the quality is thick. Compound umbel terminal, with rent hair; Pedicel10 ~ 20, length1~ 2 cm; There is no involucre, and the involucre consists of several linear lanceolate bracteoles; The flowers are white, and there are 1 5 ~ 20 flowers per1umbel; Calyx 5-dentate, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, sparsely hairy; Petals 5, ovate-lanceolate; Stamens 5, alternate with petals; The ovary is inferior, and the style base is oblate and conical. The fruit is nearly spherical, fluffy and winged. The flowering period is from May to July. The fruiting period is from June to August.
Basic information editing
Character roots are long and cylindrical, with occasional branches. The surface is yellowish-white, with occasional residual skin, and all of them have fine longitudinal wrinkles and grooves, and there are brown punctate fine root marks. There is often a yellow brown at the top.
Colored rhizome residues, slightly thinner at the upper end, slightly thicker in the middle and thinner at the lower part. Brittle and easy to break, with pale yellow-white skin and yellow wood. The gas is special and the taste is slightly sweet.
Functions: nourishing yin and clearing lung, benefiting stomach and promoting fluid production. It is used for dry cough due to lung heat, cough due to fatigue, phlegm and blood, fever, body fluid injury and thirst.
Annual demand: Glehnia littoralis is a commonly used medicinal material in China, with an annual demand of about 5,000 tons, and it is a large variety of medicinal materials.
The source is the root of the Umbelliferae plant Coral. Excavate in July-August or late September, remove the stems and fibrous roots on the ground, wash the soil, scald in water, peel off the skin, and dry or dry.
Habitat is born in hillside wasteland or cultivated.
Species Distribution: Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other places. Location: Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu and other places. [2]
Characteristics: The dried roots are thin cylindrical or straight, with thin ends and little divergence, with a length of15 ~ 30cm and a diameter of 3 ~ 8mm. The appearance is light yellow, rough, with longitudinal stripes and unfinished brown cork, and there are brown dotted branches, and the top often remains cylindrical roots. Hard and brittle, easy to break. The section is irregular, light yellow, with yellow radial xylem in the center, and the cambium is circular and dark brown. Slight gas, sweet taste. It is better to have slender roots, uniform white color and solid quality.
Processing, removing impurities, removing stem base, slightly washing with water, taking out, slightly moistening, cutting into sections and drying in the sun.
The taste is sweet, bitter and light, and cool. Slightly cold, sweet and slightly bitter.
① "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": sweet and light, cold in nature and non-toxic.
② Materia Medica from the New: sweet and bitter, slightly cold.
Meridian entering the lung and spleen.
① "Deserved Materia Medica": Start with Taiyin Sutra.
② Summary of Materia Medica: Starting with Foot Taiyin Meridian.
Indications: nourishing yin and clearing lung, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. Treat dry cough due to lung heat, chronic cough due to deficiency, yin injury, dry throat and thirst.
① "Materia Medica from the New": it specializes in nourishing lung yin, clearing lung fire and treating chronic cough and lung flaccidity.
② "New Ginseng in Pieces": nourishing lung and stomach yin, treating fatigue, expectoration and blood.
③ "Herbology of Northeast China": Treating chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, pulmonary atelectasis, pulmonary abscess, etc.
④ Records of Traditional Chinese Medicine: nourishing lung yin, clearing lung heat, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. Treat fatigue, fever, yin injury, dry cough, thirst and dry throat.
Usage and dosage for oral administration: decoction, 3 ~ 5 yuan; Can also be decocted into ointment or pills.
Pay attention to cough caused by wind-cold and avoid taking it for those with lung and stomach deficiency and cold.
Store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moth.
Harvest processing editor
In the year of spring sowing, harvest and dig when the plants turn yellow around 10. Sowing in autumn is cold dew in the second year.
Harvest the leaves when they are yellow. When harvesting, first open a deep ditch with a pick at one end of the ginseng, expose the root and lift it out by hand. Except for the stems on the ground, the harvested ginseng can't bask in the sun, otherwise it will be difficult to peel and reduce the yield and quality. Separate the thickness of the ginseng roots, bundle them into1.5-2.5kg bales, first put the tail roots in boiling water and turn them along the pan for 2-3 times (6-8 seconds), then put all the ginseng roots in the pan and bake them, turning them constantly to make the water boil, and then take them out, peel them and dry them for medicinal purposes. It is reported that the main components of Glehnia littoralis are in the root bark. The processing method is as follows: after the glehnia adenophora is harvested, the overground stems of the soil are removed, the surface of the washed face is anhydrous, and sulfur is smoked 12 hours (60 kilograms of medicinal materials 1 kilogram of sulfur), and it is required to be smoked thoroughly without hard core, dried and packaged in different grades. Put it in a dry and ventilated place.
Editor for identification of raw medicinal materials
Trait identification
The root is slender, with a diameter of 0.2- 1.5cm. The surface is yellowish white, slightly rough, with occasional residual skin; The surface without peeling is horizontal brown, with irregular longitudinal grooves and cracks, horizontal brown long lenticels and more punctate fine root marks. The roots are tapered and there are residual stems. Hard and brittle, easily broken, with pale yellow-white skin, dark brown cambium ring, yellow and radial wood. The breath is slightly fragrant and the taste is slightly sweet. It is better to have uniform thickness, consistent length, clean cork and yellow and white color.
Microscopic identification
Cross-section of root: cork layer 2- 1 1 row of cells without peeling. The cortex is a series of cells, with oblate secretory canals scattered, and some 1 secretory canals juxtaposed or dissolved in the middle. The phloem is broad, and the secretory ducts are arranged in a slightly circular shape, with a diameter of 24- 135? M, 4- 10 secretory cells; The phloem rays expand outward into a labyrinthine shape and bend to one side. The cambium ring is obvious. The xylem vessels are scattered singly or gathered in several rows, with a line width of 1-3 cells. This product is characterized by fuzzification of parenchyma cells and granulation.
Powder characteristics: yellow and white.
① Diameter of reticulated catheter 17-86? M, the mesh is long and wide.
② The secretory ducts are broken, the secretory cells contain yellow secretions, and some of them can be seen as golden yellow secretions with a diameter of about 69? m。
③ The gelatinized farinograph is irregular, and the unprocessed visible farinograph is single round or quasi-round, with a diameter of 2-22? M, the umbilicus is punctate, with few multiple grains. In addition, there are cork cells and ray cells.
Application discrimination
"Materia Medica Seeking Truth": There are two kinds of Adenophora adenophora, south and north, both of which have the function of clearing lung and stomach. Glehnia littoralis is hard and cold, and rich in fat liquid; Adenophora adenophora is loose and fat, and its smell is light and clear. Weak body and weak strength. One tends to nourish the stomach and the other tends to clear the lungs. For cough with no residual heat in the lungs, it is advisable to use Radix Glehniae in the north, and Radix Glehniae in the south for cough with residual heat in the stomach deficiency.
Prescription selection editor
1. Chronic gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis: Adenophora adenophora12g, Polygonatum odoratum, Dendrobium candidum, Trichosanthes root and Codonopsis pilosula 9g each. Daily 1 dose, decocted in water. Symptoms of dry mouth and tongue, red tongue and less bitterness have good effects.
2. Diabetes: Glehnia littoralis, Radix Rehmanniae each12g, Dendrobium, Ophiopogon japonicus and Trichosanthes root each 9g. Daily 1 dose, decocted in water. Suitable for diabetics with obvious dry mouth and thirst. For those with excessive urine sugar, add 0/2g of yam/kloc-and 9g of astragalus root; For patients with high blood sugar, 9 grams of Scrophularia and 9 grams of Atractylodes each have better curative effect.
3. Deficiency of both spleen and stomach, loss of appetite, indigestion, mental fatigue and dry mouth: Glehnia littoralis15g, Dioscorea opposita15g, fried lentils12g, and lotus seeds10g. Decoct in water, and after boiling 1 hour, take the soup warm and take it once a day 1 time. It has a certain curative effect.
4. Yin deficiency of lung and stomach, cough and hemoptysis, sore throat and thirst: 20g of Radix Glehniae, 0/2 eggs1~ 2, and proper amount of crystal sugar. Add clear water and cook, 10 minutes later, remove the shell and cook again. After 20 ~ 30 minutes, take the soup and take it warm. It is also used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis with lung yin deficiency.
5. Hemoptysis due to yin deficiency: Radix Glehniae 30g, Lily 30g, duck150g. Cook soup together, and drink soup to eat meat when the duck is cooked. It also treats pulmonary tuberculosis and hemoptysis.
6. Chronic persistent hepatitis: Radix Glehniae10g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis10g, Radix Ophiopogonis10g, Fructus Lycii12g, Radix Rehmanniae12g, and Fructus Toosendan 9g. Daily 1 dose, decocted in water. It has good curative effect on patients with yin deficiency of liver and kidney, pain in both sides and dry mouth and tongue.
① Treatment of fire inflammation due to yin deficiency, cough without phlegm, bone steaming and fatigue, dull muscle skin, bitter mouth and polydipsia, etc.: Radix Glehniae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Carapax Trionycis, and Cortex Lycii. Or make pills, or make ointment, take San Qian every morning, with white soup. ("Easy and Simple Prescription of Health")
(2) Treat all fire inflammation due to yin deficiency, which seems to be virtual but real, and the adverse qi does not fall, and the gas does not rise, and the thirst and cough are full and do not eat: Zhenbei Glehnia Five Money. Decoct with water. (Lin Zhongxian's Medical Case)
Nutrition knowledge editor
Knowledge introduction of Glehnia littoralis: Glehnia littoralis is the root of Glehnia littoralis of Umbelliferae. Glehnia littoralis is a perennial herb, which is born in coastal sandy land and beach, or cultivated in loose sandy soil, and distributed in Shandong, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia (Chifeng), Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong and other places. Divided into spring ginseng (biennial ginseng) and autumn ginseng (annual ginseng), with autumn ginseng as the best, rooting out, removing aerial parts and fibrous roots, washing, scalding with boiling water, peeling off the skin, and drying in the sun or slow fire on the same day; Then remove the rough part and tie it. Or washed and directly dried.
The root of Glehnia littoralis is slender and cylindrical, occasionally branched, with a length of 15 to 45 cm and a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 cm. The surface is light yellow, slightly rough, with occasional residual skin, and the surface is yellow-brown if the skin is not removed. All of them have fine longitudinal wrinkles and grooves, and brown punctate fine root marks. There are often yellow-brown rhizomes at the top, which are slightly thinner at the top, slightly thicker in the middle and thinner at the bottom. Brittle and easy to break, the skin of the section is light yellow and white. The wood is yellow. The smell is special and the taste is slightly sweet. It is better to have uniform thickness, clean cork and yellow and white color.
Nutritional analysis of Glehnia littoralis: Glehnia littoralis contains volatile oil, coumarin, starch, alkaloids, triterpenoid acids, stigmasterol, sterols, adenophorin and other components. Experiments show that Glehnia littoralis can increase T cell ratio, lymphocyte transformation rate, white blood cells, macrophage function, antibody existence time, B cells and immune function. Radix Glehniae can enhance healthy qi, reduce diseases and prevent cancer.
Supplementary information of Radix Glehniae: Nansha participates in Radix Glehniae, although they are two plant medicinal materials belonging to different families and genera, but it is generally considered that the functions of the two medicines are similar, but subdivided, Radix Glehniae tends to clear lung and eliminate phlegm, while Radix Glehniae tends to nourish stomach and promote fluid production. When cooking porridge, you can choose it dialectically.
Glehnia littoralis can be divided into Glehnia littoralis, Fried Glehnia littoralis and Honey Glehnia littoralis according to different processing methods. Processed and stored in a dry container, the honey glehnia root is sealed and placed in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moth.
Glehnia littoralis is suitable for people: people with cold cough and moderate cold in loose stool are forbidden to take it; People who cough due to phlegm-heat should take it carefully.
Therapeutic effect of Glehnia littoralis: Glehnia littoralis is sweet, slightly bitter and slightly cold; Return to lung and stomach meridian; The physique is light and moist, and it can rise or fall.
It has the effects of nourishing yin, clearing away lung heat, benefiting stomach and promoting fluid production.
Indications: dry lung yin, less expectoration, dry throat and nose, cough and blood due to lung yin deficiency for a long time, thirst, dry tongue and loss of appetite due to heat injury to stomach yin.
Glehnia littoralis food phase grams: Glehnia littoralis anti-veratrum, evil self-defense.
Guidance on the practice of Radix Glehniae:
1. For lung dryness with yin deficiency, dry cough with little phlegm, dry throat and dry nose, it can be combined with Ophiopogon japonicus, Polygonatum odoratum, Fritillaria and Almond to moisten lung and relieve cough.
2. It is commonly used for thirst, dry tongue and loss of appetite due to deficiency of stomach yang in the late stage of fever. It is usually combined with Radix Rehmanniae, Herba Dendrobii and Radix Ophiopogonis to clear heat, nourish stomach and produce fluid.
3. If the stomach yin is insufficient, the epigastric region is painful and noisy and hungry, it can be used with Ophiopogon japonicus, Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza uralensis to nourish yin, promote fluid production and relieve pain.
4. Stomach yin deficiency combined with liver and kidney yin deficiency, liver-qi stagnation, hypochondriac pain, distention, acid swallowing and bitterness, dry throat and mouth, red tongue and scanty body fluid can be combined with Ophiopogon japonicus, Radix Rehmanniae and Fructus Lycii.
app; application
1, used for dry expectoration and dry throat caused by lung dryness due to yin deficiency or heat injury to lung yin. Can be used alone. Compound prescription is often combined with Ophiopogon japonicus and Trichosanthes root, such as Shashen Ophiopogon japonicus Decoction. [3]
2. Used for dry mouth and throat, red tongue with little fur, dry stool and so on caused by heat injury to stomach yin or deficiency of yin and body fluid. It is often combined with stomach-invigorating and body-promoting herbs such as Ophiopogon japonicus and Polygonatum odoratum.
Chemical composition editing
Roots are rich in alkaloids and starch. Fruit contains coralline.
Contains imperatorin and psoralen. Bergamot lactone, angelenolactone -7-0-? -gentiopicroside (oostenol-7-0-? -gentio-bioside) and other coumarins, and contains alkaloids, starch, trace volatile oil and so on.
Roots and rhizomes contain many coumarin compounds: psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin, isoimperatorin, imperatorin, bergaptin, 9- geranyloxypsoralen, 9- methoxyisoimperatorin, xanthotoxol, alloisoimperatorin, 9-( 1, 1- dimethylallyl) -4- hydroxy psoralen [9-( 1,1-dimethylallyl)-4-hydroxy psoralen), Indian quinine (marmesin), scopoletin (scopoletin). -gentiopicroside (osteol-7-o-? -gentiobioside)[ 1]。 It also contains Glehnia littoralis polysaccharide (GLP)[2] and phospholipid (about140-150mg/100g), in which lecithin (about 5 1%) and cephalin (cephalin) x.
Plant cultivation editor
biological property
Glehnia littoralis is a herb with strong adaptability, likes warm and humid climate, drought resistance and cold resistance, and likes sandy soil. Avoid flooding, continuous cropping and strong sunlight.
It is not easy to water more in the later stage of growth except that sufficient water is needed for seed retention in seedling stage and seed retention field. Potato is the best crop in the previous crop. Avoid soybean and peanut crops, the germination rate of seeds in the next year is significantly reduced, and the germination ability is lost in the third year. The seeds of Glehnia littoralis and Glehnia littoralis planted in winter have high germination rate and uniform emergence. Emerge around Grain Rain in the second year of winter sowing, and generally do not blossom and bear fruit until the third year. The germination rate of spring sowing in the following year was significantly reduced, and it didn't blossom and bear fruit until the next year. After it was full, it bolting, flowering for a week, and the flowering period was half a month. The seeds matured before and after the head fell.
Land selection and preparation
Choose sandy loam soil which is humid, well drained and rich in humus, apply 60,000 kg of manure and 750 ~1500 kg of cake fertilizer as base fertilizer per hectare, and 7.5 kg of trichlorfon, turn it into the soil to a depth of 40-50 cm, fine and level it, and make the border flat or high with a width of 3-6.
Breeding method
(1) seed treatment
Glehnia littoralis is a deep-rooted plant. Before sowing, it should be deeply plowed and raked. Before sowing, it should be grafted with seed fruit wings, soaked in warm water at 25 degrees for 4 hours, fished out and cooled slightly, mixed with 2/3 wet sand, frozen in a box, thawed in spring, and planted before freezing in autumn. Spring sowing seeds should not be stored in sand, otherwise they will not emerge in that year.
(2) Sowing method
In autumn sowing, a shallow ditch with a depth of half a centimeter is drawn according to the row spacing of 5-6 cm, and the seeds are covered with soil and watered at a distance of 4-5 cm, covered with straw, watered with water again before freezing, and covered with a layer of fertilizer. Spring sowing takes place from Qingming to Grain Rain, and the method is the same as above. Seeds do not need to be frozen at low temperature, and they will not emerge after planting. If they are not treated, it is best to pick them and sow them immediately. Sowing amount per hectare on sandy soil is 75kg, pure sandy land is 90-112.5kg, fertile soil with irrigation conditions can sow 52.5kg-60kg per hectare. After sowing, the pure sandy land should be crushed with yellow mud or pebbles to avoid losses caused by wind-blown sand movement, and sand should be pressed when the waterlogged lowlands are frozen. Seeds sown in autumn emerge in March of the following year.
(3) Field management
After thawing, the floor knot should be loosened to preserve moisture, and the seedlings should be pulled out at the sight of grass. The seedlings should have about 3 true leaves, and they should be thinned and shaped in a triangle, with a spacing of about 0.7 cm, which should not be too thin, otherwise the roots will be divided and the roots will grow poorly if they are too dense. Water as appropriate in spring drought to keep the ground moist. Avoid water accumulation on the ground in the late growth stage, and remove the buds in time at the seedling stage. Two-year-old Adenophora adenophora is combined with farmyard manure in spring, and chemical fertilizer is applied once in May in combination with irrigation.
extermination of disease and insect pest
(1) Root-knot nematode disease
In May, it is easy for insects to invade the root tip, absorb juice to form nodules, and make seedlings yellow and die.
Prevention and control methods: avoid continuous cropping and choose disease-free land. Disinfect the soil with drip mixture, the dosage is 450 ~ 750 kg per hectare. Methods: When the temperature was above 15℃ 20 days before sowing, the ground was dug with a width of about 30 cm and a depth of 6 ~ 7 cm, and the medicine was put into the ditch and covered with soil to suppress it.
(2) Rust
Also known as jaundice, it began to occur in the middle to late July, with reddish-brown spots on the stems and leaves, surface rupture of the spots at the end, and early plant death.
Prevention and treatment methods: After the onset, use 300 times solution of Diclofenac sodium (with 0.2% washing powder) every 10 day 1 time.
Select and retain improved varieties