Chinese name: English name of traditional Chinese medicine: Chinese materia medica classification: the concept of Chinese medicine terms, the origin and authentic medicinal materials of traditional Chinese medicine, the collection of traditional Chinese medicine, the processing of traditional Chinese medicine, the theory of medicinal properties, the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine, the contraindications to the use of traditional Chinese medicine, the dosage and usage of traditional Chinese medicine, and the naming of traditional Chinese medicine. The concept is based on China's traditional medical theory to guide the collection, processing and preparation, explain the mechanism of action and guide the clinical application of drugs. The origin of traditional Chinese medicine and the distribution and production of genuine medicinal materials are inseparable from certain natural conditions. The production of various medicinal materials, regardless of variety, yield and quality, has certain regional characteristics. Therefore, physicians have attached great importance to authentic medicinal materials since ancient times. The so-called authentic medicinal materials, also known as authentic medicinal materials, are special terms for high-quality pure medicinal materials, which refer to medicinal materials with a long history, suitable origin, excellent varieties, abundant output, exquisite processing, outstanding curative effect and regional characteristics. For example, angelica in Gansu, Lycium barbarum in Ningxia, rhubarb in Qinghai, astragalus in Inner Mongolia, ginseng, asarum and Schisandra in Northeast China, codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi, Rehmannia glutinosa, Achyranthes bidentata, Dioscorea opposita and Chrysanthemum in Henan, etc. The harvest time and methods of traditional Chinese medicines are closely related to ensuring the quality of medicines. Because the effective and harmful components in the medicinal parts of animals and plants are different at different stages of their growth and development, the curative effect and toxic and side effects of drugs are often quite different, so the collection of medicinal materials must be carried out at the right time. The process of processing traditional Chinese medicine according to the needs of medical treatment, preparation and preparation before it is applied or made into various dosage forms. Commonly used processing methods include curing, water processing, fire processing, water and fire processing, etc. The purpose of processing is to purify medicinal materials, ensure quality, sort drugs and distinguish grades; Cut into pieces to facilitate the preparation; Drying medicinal materials is beneficial to storage; Correct taste and odor, and is convenient to take; Reduce toxic and side effects and ensure safe medication; Enhance drug function and improve clinical efficacy; Change the performance of drugs and expand the scope of application. Introducing drugs into the meridian is convenient for directional medication. The reason why drugs can be targeted at the disease is that each drug has its own characteristics and functions. The predecessors called it the bias of drugs, and collectively called the properties and properties related to the curative effect of drugs as medicinal properties, which includes the material basis for drugs to exert their curative effects and the functions reflected in the treatment process. It is a high generalization of the nature and function of drugs. The theory of studying the formation mechanism and application law of medicinal properties is called the theory of medicinal properties, and its basic contents include four qi and five flavors, ups and downs, meridian tropism, toxicity, compatibility, taboo and so on. 1 and four different medicinal properties, namely cold, hot and cool, are called four properties. It reflects the action tendency of drugs on the ups and downs of yin and yang and the changes of cold and heat in human body, and is one of the main theoretical basis for explaining the action of drugs. It is summed up by the different reactions and different curative effects of drugs acting on human body, which is relative to the nature of the diseases treated. 2. Five flavors and five flavors mean that drugs have five different flavors: sour, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty, so they have different therapeutic effects. The production of five flavors is first identified by the taste, that is, the sensory organs of people, which is the reflection of the true taste of drugs. But it is not only a true reflection of the taste of the drug, but more importantly, a high summary of the role of the drug. 3, ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs are different trends of drugs on the human body. Relative to the tendency of the disease. The factors affecting the ups and downs of drugs are closely related to the four flavors and the quality of drugs, and are also influenced by processing and compatibility. 4. Meridian tropism refers to the selective effect of drugs on a certain part of the body, that is, a drug has a special affinity for some zang-fu organs and meridians, so it plays a major or special therapeutic role in the lesions of these parts. Different drugs have different therapeutic effects. Meridian tropism indicates the application scope of drug treatment, that is to say, it clarifies the efficacy and includes the concept of qualitative positioning of drugs. It is closely related to the physical factors, that is, the physiological characteristics of viscera and meridians, the accumulation of clinical experience, the continuous development and improvement of the theoretical system of TCM syndrome differentiation and the characteristics of drugs themselves. 5. Toxicity In ancient times, poison was often regarded as the general name of all drugs. The meaning of drug toxicity was broad, toxicity was the partiality of drugs, and toxicity was considered as a sign of the size of drug side effects. In modern times, it is generally believed that toxicity refers to the adverse effects and damage of drugs on the body. Including acute toxicity, subacute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, chronic toxicity and special toxicity such as carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, teratogenesis, addiction and so on. The side effects of traditional Chinese medicine are different from toxic effects. Side effects refer to unwell reactions that have nothing to do with the treatment needs when taking common doses, which are generally mild and have little harm to the body, and can disappear automatically after stopping taking drugs. Compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine is to combine two or more drugs selectively according to the different needs of illness and the different characteristics of drugs, which is called compatibility. Xiang Xu and Xiang Shi can play a synergistic role and improve the efficacy, which is a common clinical compatibility method. Mutual fear and mutual killing can reduce or eliminate toxic and side effects, so as to ensure safe medication. It is a compatible method of using drugs with strong toxic and side effects, and can also be used for the processing of toxic traditional Chinese medicines and the rescue of poisoning. Evil is because of the antagonistic effect of drugs, which counteracts or weakens the efficacy of one of them; On the contrary, it is drug interaction, which can produce toxic reactions or strong side effects, so it is a taboo to use drugs in combination. The contraindications of traditional Chinese medicine mainly include compatibility contraindications, syndrome contraindications, pregnancy contraindications and dietary contraindications. 1, incompatibility, refers to the combination of some drugs will produce severe toxic and side effects or reduce and destroy the efficacy, so it should be avoided. 2. Syndrome contraindications. Due to the different medicinal properties of drugs, their functions have their own specialties and a certain scope of application. Therefore, there are some contraindications in clinical medication, which is called "syndrome contraindications". For example, Herba Ephedrae has pungent taste, functions of sweating, relieving exterior syndrome, dispelling cold, dispersing lung qi, relieving asthma and diuresis, so it is only suitable for asthma and cough caused by exogenous wind and cold, but it is forbidden to use it for spontaneous sweating due to exterior deficiency, night sweat due to yin deficiency and asthma due to lung and kidney deficiency. 3. Contraindications of medication during pregnancy refer to contraindications of medication for women during pregnancy. Some drugs have the side effects of damaging the fetus and causing abortion, so they should be used as contraindications for pregnancy. According to the degree of damage caused by drugs to fetuses, they can generally be divided into two categories: cautious use and prohibition. All prohibited drugs must not be used, and drugs used with caution can be used according to the needs of the disease. 4. Dietary contraindications for taking medicine refer to taboos for certain foods during taking medicine, also referred to as food taboos, which is also commonly referred to as taboos. Generally, foods that are cold, greasy, fishy, and * * * should be avoided. In addition, according to the different conditions, dietary taboos are also different. Dosage and usage of traditional Chinese medicine 1, dosage of traditional Chinese medicine refers to the amount of clinical application. It mainly indicates the daily dose of each medicine for adults. The vast majority of traditional Chinese medicines come from crude drugs, and the safe dosage range is large, and the dosage is not as strict as that of chemicals, but whether the dosage is appropriate or not is also one of the important factors that directly affect the efficacy and clinical effect. The dosage is too small to play a therapeutic role and delay the illness; If the dosage is too large, it will hurt the healthy qi, and it can also cause adverse consequences or cause unnecessary waste. 2. Usage mainly refers to the decoction and the taking methods of different dosage forms. (1) decocting method decoction is one of the most commonly used dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine. The preparation of decoction has certain requirements for frying utensils, water, heat and cooking methods. Casseroles and crocks are the best decocting utensils, followed by enamel pots, and copper iron pots are forbidden to avoid chemical changes and affect the curative effect. There are two kinds of decoctions: slow fire and strong fire. The duration and time of decocting depends on the properties of potential substances. Because of their different textures, some drugs have special decocting methods, which are indicated in the prescription, such as frying first, then decocting, decocting in package, dissolving, soaking, taking in water, decocting soup instead of water and so on. (2) Medication time: Generally, the decoction is taken daily 1 dose, decocted twice and taken separately, with an interval of 4? About six hours. The method of taking medicine decoction should generally be taken warm. Pills with smaller particles can be taken directly with warm water; Those with large honey pills can be swallowed in small pieces; If the water pill is hard, it can be taken after being dissolved in boiling water. Powders and powders can be mixed with honey and taken, or swallowed in human capsules to avoid swallowing directly. The ointment should be taken with boiled water to avoid swallowing directly in the mouth, so as to avoid vomiting caused by sticking to the throat. Granules should be taken with boiling water; The syrup can be swallowed directly. In addition, there is nasal administration. The name of traditional Chinese medicine 1, named for its outstanding efficacy, such as Leonurus japonicus is good at promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation, which is mainly used for treating women's blood stasis amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, postpartum abdominal pain, etc., and is an important medicine for gynecological menstruation; The wind-proof function can dispel wind and stop wind, prevent common cold, and is mainly used for treating wind diseases. 2. Chinese medicinal materials named after medicinal parts have a wide range of sources, including plants, animals and minerals. The medicinal parts of plants and animals are different, and it is one of the common naming methods of traditional Chinese medicine to name them after the medicinal parts. In plant medicine, reed rhizome and cogongrass rhizome are used as medicine; The root bark of Melia azedarach and the white bark of Mulberry Root are used as medicine. Mulberry leaves, Folium Isatidis and Folium Perillae are used as medicines. 3. I am named after the place of origin. The territory is vast, the physical and geographical conditions are very complicated, and the ecological environment such as water, soil, climate, sunshine and biological distribution is not exactly the same, even the north and south are very different. Therefore, the production of all kinds of medicinal materials, regardless of yield and quality, has certain regional characteristics, so since ancient times, medical scientists have attached great importance to "authentic medicinal materials." For example, Coptis chinensis, Cortex Phellodendri and Radix Dipsaci are better from Sichuan, so they are called Chuanhuanglian, Chuanhuangbai and Radix Dipsaci. Orange peel is better from Xinhui, Guangdong, so it is called Xinhui peel and GuangChenpi. Poria cocos is the best in Yunnan, hence the name Yunling; 4. The original plants and crude drug shapes of traditional Chinese medicines are named after their shapes, which often have their special features and can leave a deep impression on people, so people often name them after their morphological characteristics. Such as big belly skin, that is, named after it looks like a big belly; Aconitum, named for its tuberous root shaped like a crow's head; Ginseng is shaped like a human figure, and it has made great achievements. 5. Naming some Chinese medicines because of their odor has a special odor, which has become the basis for drug naming. Such as musk, named for its long-range fragrance; Clove, fennel, benzoin, sandalwood and other spices are named after the word "Xiang" because of their special fragrance; Patrinia scabra, Syzygium sycamore, Tombs Back, etc. are named for their special odor. Houttuynia cordata Thunb is named after its strong fishy smell. 6, named after the taste of each Chinese medicine has a certain taste, and some drugs are named after their unique taste. For example, Schisandra chinensis is named after its sweet and sour skin, hard work in the core, salty taste in the whole fruit and all five flavors. Licorice is named after its sweet taste; Asarum is named after its pungent taste; Sophora flavescens is named after its bitter taste; Ziziphus jujuba seed is named after its sour taste. 7. Named after color Many Chinese medicines have various natural colors, so the color of the medicine has become the basis for naming. Traditional Chinese medicines with yellow color include Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Coptidis Rhizoma, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Astragali, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, etc. Black Chinese medicines include Radix Scrophulariae, Black Ugly, Eclipta prostrata, etc. White Chinese medicines include Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Ginkgo biloba, Alumen, Bulbus Allii Cepae, Bulbus Allii Macrostemon, etc. 8. Named after the name of the importing country or transliteration Some imported medicinal materials are named after the name of the importing country or region. For example, benzoin and Styrax are named after the ancient countries of benzoin and Styrax. Some names of medicines are labeled with words such as "Fan", "Hu" and "Xi" to show that they were not made in China at first, such as Senna, Momordica sinensis, pepper, hemp seed, crocus sativus and American ginseng. Some foreign drugs, because there is no proper drug name, are named after transliteration, such as Hulile and Datura. 9, named after the growing season, such as Pinellia ternata is harvested in half of the summer (in May of the lunar calendar), hence the name Pinellia ternata; Prunella vulgaris, Xiatianwu, etc. all grow to wither after the summer solstice, so they are called summer. 10, words are named after people's names. Some Chinese medicines have legendary names. Most of these medicines are named after the discoverer or the first user. Such as the gentleman, according to legend, it is a commonly used medicine for treating pediatric diseases by Guo Zhijun of Panzhou; Liu Jinu is the nickname of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi in the Southern Dynasties. It is said that this medicine was discovered by Emperor Wu of Song. A drug of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. It is said that there was a man named Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. in ancient times, he gained enlightenment by taking this drug, and later generations were named after Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.