cāng ěr zǐ
2 English Referencefructus xanthii [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
siberian cocklebur fruit,achene of Siberian cocklebur [Xiangya Medical Professional Dictionary]
XANTHII FRUCTUS [《中华人民****和國药典》（2010年版））]
Fructus Xanthii(拉) [Nomenclature Review Committee of Chinese Medicine. Chinese Medicine Nomenclature (2004)]
siberian cocklebur fruit [Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Validation Committee. Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004)]
3 OverviewCang Er Zi is a pungent, warm and antidepressant [1]. It is from "Preparing a Thousand Golden Essentials - Food Treatment". It is the dried mature fruit with involucre of Xanthium sibiricum Patr. in the family of Asteraceae [2].
Xanthium sibiricum Patr. is fusiform or ovoid, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.4-0.7 cm in diameter, yellowish brown or yellowish green on the surface, with glochidia all over, and 2 coarser spines at the tip, separated or connected, and fruiting peduncle scars at the base. The texture is hard and tough, with a longitudinal septum in the center of the transverse section, 2-loculed, each with an achene. Achenes slightly fusiform, flat on one side, with 1 raised stylopodium at the tip, pericarp thin, gray-black, longitudinally striate. Seed coat membranous, light gray, cotyledons 2, oily. Gas slightly, taste slightly bitter. The surface of the fried caryopsis is burnt yellow, the tip of the thorns is burnt and brittle, slightly fragrant [2].
Cang Er Zi taste pungent, bitter, warm; toxic [2]. Attributed to the lung meridian [2]. It has the function of dispersing wind-dampness and clearing nasal orifices [2]. Cang Er Zi's raw product is strong in eliminating wind and relieving itching, and is mostly used in skin diseases such as itchy skin rash and scabies [2]. Fried Cang Er Zi can reduce the toxicity, favoring the opening of nasal orifices, dispelling wind-dampness and relieving pain [2]. Commonly used in nasal abyss headache, wind-dampness paralysis pain [2].
4 Latin nameFructus Xanthii (La) (Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004))
5 English namesiberian cocklebur fruit (Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004))
6 Alias of Cangzhu ZiCangzhu Zi is also known as cow lice, vegetable ear, hairy ear, cangzhi, old cangzi , Hu Cang Zi, Cang Zhu Zi, Hu Yan Zi, etc.[1].
(moss + wood) ear solid, pale seed, pale tree seed, cow lice [3].
7 Prescription names for Cang Er ZiCang Er Zi, Fried Cang Er Zi [2].
8 Origin of Cang Er ZiCang Er Zi is the dried mature fruit with involucre of Xanthium sibiricum Patr. of the family Asteraceae [2].
Cangzhi is the dried mature fruit with involucre of Asteraceae Xanthium sibiricum Patrin [3].
9 Place of originProduced throughout the country [3].
10 Harvesting and primary processingHarvested in the fall when the fruit is ripe, dry, remove impurities such as stalks and leaves [2].
11 Cangdongzi medicinal propertiesCangdongzi is fusiform or ovoid, 1 ~ 1.5cm long, 0.4 ~ 0.7cm in diameter, the surface is yellowish brown or yellowish green, all have hooked spines, the tip of the two thicker thorns, separated or connected, the base of the fruiting peduncle scars. The texture is hard and tough, with a longitudinal septum in the center of the transverse section, 2-loculed, each with an achene. Achenes slightly fusiform, flat on one side, with 1 raised stylopodium at the tip, pericarp thin, gray-black, longitudinally striate. Seed coat membranous, light gray, cotyledons 2, oily. Gas slightly, taste slightly bitter. (Chinese People's *** and State Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition))
12 Cangdongzi concoctionCangdongzi was first published in Shennong Ben Cao Jing, formerly known as 枲耳实[2].
Its concoction of the Northern and Southern Dynasties Liu Song period for: "Where harvested, remove the heart [2]. Take the yellow essence, with a bamboo knife fine cut, mix, with the steam, from Si to Ohio, go to the yellow essence, take out, Yin dry with " (" Lei Gong gun baking theory ") [2].
Tang Dynasty, there is a method of burning ash ("Prepare anxious thousand gold prescription") [2].
In the Song Dynasty, there was micro-frying (Taiping Shenghui Fang) [2].
Ming Dynasty, there are crispy (Pu Ji Fang), wine mixed with steaming (Materia Medica multiply Ya half Madagascar) [2].
Qing dynasty basically followed the former method [2].
Nowadays, the main methods of concoctions include fried yellow [2].
12.1 Concoctions of Cang Er Zi1. Cang Er Zi? Take the original herb, remove impurities, and pound it when used [2].
2. Fried Cang Er Zi? Take the net Cangdongzi, placed in the frying container, heated with medium heat, fried until charred yellow, pricked caramel can be, crushed thorns, sieve clean [2]. Mash when used [2].
12.2 Product propertiesAuricularia auriculae is fusiform, or ovoid [2]. The surface is yellow-brown or yellow-green, all have spines, light and firm [2]. When broken open, there are double kernels inside [2]. It is oily, with a slight odor and a slightly bitter taste [2].
The surface of fried Cangzhi is burnt yellow, the tip of the thorns is burnt and brittle, with a slight aroma [2].
12.3 ConcoctionsCang Er Zi raw wind elimination and stop itching strong, mostly used for skin itching rash, scabies and other skin diseases [2]. For example, it is used to treat boils at the beginning of seven stars (Surgery Zhengzong) [2]. For the treatment of vitiligo and leprosy, the decoction of Cang Er Zi can be used for internal use ("Medical Zong Jin Jian") [2].
Frying can reduce the toxicity, favoring the passage of nasal orifices, dispelling wind-dampness and relieving pain [2]. Commonly used in nasal headache, wind-dampness paralysis [2]. For example, Cang Er Zi San (Yan Shi Ji Sheng Fang) is used to treat nasal headache [2]. For the treatment of rheumatic paralysis, joint disadvantage, contracture and numbness, take Cang Er Zi decoction is effective ("Food Medicine Mind Mirror") [2].
12.4 Concoctive studiesThis product contains cangzhi glycosides, resin, fatty oil, alkaloids, vitamin C and pigments [2].
According to preliminary research, most scholars believe that the toxicity of Cang Er Zi is related to the toxic proteins it contains; some scholars believe that the toxic substances often damage the liver, heart, kidneys and other internal organs parenchymal cells, jaundice, arrhythmia, proteinuria [2]. Especially damage to the liver, can cause hepatic coma and rapid death, even if cured, but also easy to leave hepatomegaly sequelae [2].
Cangdongzi toxic protein is one of its toxic components, by water immersion or heating treatment, can reduce the toxicity, such as fried charcoal, fried charcoal can destroy its toxicity [2]. It is believed that the medicinal use of Cangdongzi must be fried until charred, so that the toxic protein contained in the fat oil is denatured, coagulated in the cell not to be dissolved, and to achieve the purpose of de-toxicity [2]. Another study concluded that the water leachate content of Cang Er Zi's fried and fried de-pricked products was significantly higher than that of the raw products; while the fat oil content was lower than that of the raw products, the analgesic effect was stronger than that of the raw products, and the toxicity was lower than that of the raw products [2]. After research on the quality of Cangzhi and its artillery products, it is believed that the moisture is generally below 5%, the water leachate is not less than 8%, and the fat oil is not less than 12% [2].
Cang Er Zi "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" records that although it is toxic, but the acute toxicity of its raw and artillery products are not large, failed to measure the LD50, and its maximum tolerated amount is more than 277 times the adult clinical dosage [2]. Further studies are needed [2].
12.5 StorageStorage in dry containers, airtight, in a ventilated dry place [2].
13 The properties of Cang Er ZiCang Er Zi is pungent, bitter, warm; toxic [2]. It belongs to the lung meridian [2].
Cang Er Zi has a sweet, bitter, pungent flavor, warm nature, and is slightly toxic [3]. It enters the lung and liver meridians [3].
14 Effects and Indications of Cang Er ZiCang Er Zi has the function of dispersing wind-dampness and clearing nasal orifices [2].
Cang Er Zi has the function of dispersing wind-cold, clearing nasal orifices and dispelling wind-dampness. It is used for wind-cold headache, nasal congestion and runny nose, congested nose, nasal abyss, rubella itching, and dampness paralysis and contracture. (Chinese People's **** and National Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition))
Cang Er Zi raw wind strong itching, mostly used for skin itching rash, scabies and other skin diseases [2]. For example, it is used to treat boils at the beginning of seven stars (Surgical Zhengzong) [2]. For the treatment of vitiligo and leprosy, the decoction of Cang Er Zi can be used for internal use ("Medical Zong Jin Jian") [2].
Fried Cang Er Zi can reduce the toxicity, favoring the passage of nasal orifices, expelling wind-dampness and relieving pain [2]. Commonly used in nasal abyss headache, wind-dampness paralysis pain [2]. For example, Cang Er Zi San (Yan Shi Ji Sheng Fang) is used to treat nasal headache [2]. For the treatment of rheumatic paralysis, joint disadvantage, contracture and numbness, take Cang Er Zi decoction is effective ("Food Medicine Mind Mirror") [2].
Cang Er Zi has the efficacy of dispersing wind-cold, clearing the nasal orifices, relieving pain, relieving itching, and killing insects [3]. It is used to treat wind-cold headache, nasal abyss, nasal congestion, toothache, rheumatic paralysis, limb contracture, leprosy, scabies, skin itching [3].
15 Main chemical constituents of CangzhiCangzhi fruits contain cangzhi glycosides, and the seeds contain fatty oils and other components.
Corydalis seeds contain corydalis glycosides, resin, fatty oil, alkaloids, vitamin C and pigments[2].
Cranberry contains Xanthostrumarin, hydroquinone, alkaloids, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and fatty oils[3]. The seeds of Cynanchum sativum contain hydroxycynanchin
16 Pharmacological effects of Cynanchum sativumThe main pharmacological effects of Cynanchum sativum include: hypoglycemia, cardiac inhibition, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitussive, asthmatic, immune modulation, anti-tumor, antithrombin, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral [1].
Corydalis seeds contain hydroxycorydalis glycosides, which have significant hypoglycemic effect [3].
A decoction of Cangzhi can suppress cough and inhibit cardiac activity[3]. The decoction has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus aureus, and Pneumococcus pneumoniae in vitro [3].
Alcoholic extract of Corydalis spp. has an inhibitory effect on Trichophyton rubrum [3].
The main toxic component of Corydalis, probably a substance of glycosidic nature, causes a sharp drop in blood sugar in animals leading to convulsions and death [3]. Pathological anatomy of the animals also revealed that the kidneys and liver were damaged after poisoning and there was secondary edema in the brain tissue [3].
Water immersion or high heat treatment can relieve its toxicity [3].
17 Usage and dosage of CangzhiDecoction: 4.5-9g [3]. The dosage should not be too large [3]. The amount of oral poisoning of Cang Er is 30 to 90g [1].
18 Auricularia auriculae poisoningAuricularia auriculae oral toxicity is 30 to 90 g [1].
18.1 Mechanisms of adverse reactionsThe oral toxicity of Cangzhi is 30-90 g. If you take more than 30 g of dried Cangzhi, more than 10 capsules of fresh Cangzhi, and 5-6 capsules of children can be poisoned. Its main toxic component is rhamnose, containing the auriculoside, etc., is a cellular plasma poison, can damage the heart, liver, kidneys and other visceral parenchymal cells, and can be due to the increased permeability of the capillaries and cause widespread hemorrhage throughout the body, but also act in the digestive and nervous systems, affecting normal function, and ultimately lead to respiratory and circulatory failure. [1]
18.2 Clinical manifestationsThe incubation period varies according to the different fruits, buds and cakes of the edible auricularia, and the incubation period of those who eat raw food directly is as fast as 4-6h, and as slow as 2-3d; those who eat young buds have an onset of 1-3d; and those who eat auricularia cakes have an onset of 10-20h. Poisoning manifestations are: weakness, dizziness, headache, depression, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, flushing, fever, etc., and in severe cases there is restlessness or drowsiness, jaundice, pain in the liver area, hepatomegaly, hemorrhagic tendency, cervical ankylosis, drop in blood pressure, urinary incontinence, shock, and even hepatic encephalopathy. [1]
18.3 TreatmentThe main points of the treatment of Corynebacterium poisoning are[1]:
1. Intestinal bleeding can be induced by vomiting, gastric lavage with 1:5000 potassium permanganate, and diarrhea by magnesium sulfate, and those who have been more than 4h can be treated with 1%-2% saline at high level ***, intravenous infusion, and liver-protecting medicines, such as glucuronide and a large amount of vitamin C, B1, and B12, can be given.
2. Symptomatic treatment: bleeding, give vitamin K and other hemostatic agents, blood transfusion if necessary. Those with respiratory distress should be given oxygen and respiratory stimulants. Those with heart failure and urinary incontinence should limit the amount of fluid infusion and treat the symptoms.
19 Pharmacopoeia standard of Cang'erzi 19.1 NameCang'erzi
Cang'erzi
XANTHII FRUCTUS
19.2 SourceThis product is the dried and mature fruit with involucre of Cang'erzi Xanthium sibiricum Patr. of the plant of Asteraceae. Harvested in the fall when the fruit is ripe, dry, remove stalks, leaves and other impurities.
19.3 PropertiesThe product is fusiform or ovoid, 1 ~ 1.5 cm long, 0.4 ~ 0.7 cm in diameter, the surface is yellowish brown or yellowish green, all have barbs, the top has 2 thicker spines, separated or connected, the base has fruit stalk marks. The texture is hard and tough, with a longitudinal septum in the center of the transverse section, 2-loculed, each with an achene. Achenes slightly fusiform, flat on one side, with 1 raised stylopodium at the tip, pericarp thin, gray-black, longitudinally striate. Seed coat membranous, light gray, cotyledons 2, oily. The odor is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.
19.4 Identification(1) The powder is yellowish brown to yellowish green. Involucral fibers in bundles, often in a longitudinal and transverse cross arrangement. The epidermal cells of the pericarp are brown, oblong-like, often connected with the lower fibers. Pericarp fibers in bundles or single scattered, elongated spindle-shaped, pores and pore grooves obvious or not obvious. Seed coat cells yellowish, outer cells polygonal, wall slightly thick; inner cells with ***-like projections. Wood thin-walled cells oblong-like, striate. Cotyledonary cells containing paste powder grains and oil droplets.
(2) take 2g of powder, add 20ml of methanol, ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes. Filtration, filtrate concentrated to 2ml, as a test solution. Another 2g of Cang Er Zi control herb, the same method into the financial control herb solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia a Appendix VI B) test, absorb the above two solutions 4μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with n-butanol glacial acetic acid a water (4:1:5) upper solution as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, air drying, placed in ammonia vapor fuming until the spot color is clear. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb, the same color spots.
19.5 Check 19.5.1 MoistureNot more than 12.0% (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, Appendix IX H, the first method).
19.5.2 Total ashnot more than 5.0% (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, Appendix IX K).
19.6 Cangdongzi tablets 19.6.1 Concoction 19.6.1.1 CangdongziRemove impurities.
19.6.1.1.1 Traits, identification, inspectionSame as herbs.
19.6.1.2 Sautéed Cang Er ZiTake clean Cang Er Zi, according to the method of stir-frying (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, Appendix I, D) stir-fry until yellow-brown, remove the thorns, and sieve clean.
This product is shaped like auricularia, yellow-brown surface, with puncture marks. Slightly fragrant.
19.6.1.2.1 InspectionMoisture is the same as the herb, not more than 10.0%.
Total ash is the same as the herb.
19.6.1.2.2 IdentificationSame as the herb.
19.6.2 Flavor and attributionPungent, bitter, warm; toxic. Attributed to the lung meridian.
19.6.3 Functions and IndicationsDispersing wind-cold, clearing nasal orifices and dispelling wind-dampness. It is used in treating wind-cold headache, nasal congestion, nasal congestion, nasal abyss, itching of wind rash, and contracture of dampness paralysis.
19.6.4 Usage and dosage3~10g.
19.6.5 StorageIn a dry place.
19.7 SourcesChinese People's Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition)
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