Growth habit of August melon
August melon is wet and cold. It often grows in low-altitude hillside forests, grows well in slightly acidic and humus-rich yellow soil, and can also adapt to neutral soil. Their stems and vines usually grow in a creeping way. Other communities and main associated plants are Liriodendron chinense, lampstand tree, lacquer tree, Tenjikukatsura, Viburnum Jinshan and Cattle.
Propagation techniques of August melon
1, seed propagation: from September to 10, when the fruit of August melon is ripe, pick the fruit and eat the pulp, and leave the seeds for timely autumn sowing. First, the seeds are washed with alkaline water, rinsed with clear water, drained and dried. The seeds are stored in the sand for 50-70 days around the lunar calendar 165438+ 10, and sown in the sorted seedbed in time at the beginning of February of the following spring. Seed propagation is simple and easy, and the cultivated seedlings bear fruit late, usually after 3 years. Generally not used for production.
2. Buried propagation: In August, the stems of zucchini have strong germination ability. Select 1 ~ 2-year-old vines buried in human soil, and 1 month can take root and reproduce all year round. Generally, it can blossom and bear fruit in the second year after planting.
3. Propagation by splitting roots: propagation by splitting roots is carried out in August before germination in early spring. A bag of many August melons is divided into many plants from the roots by hand. Under the condition of not pruning or pruning vines, the fruit of the same year will be planted in the same year.
4. Cutting propagation: August melons can be cut all year round. Choose robust, pest-free 1 ~ 2-year-old branches, cut them into 10 cm long branches and cut them into sorted seedbeds, and pay attention to water damage, shading and drought prevention. If conditions permit, branches and vines can be soaked with ABT2 rooting powder for cutting, and the survival rate can be increased to 100%.
Seedling management of August melon
1, planting time: according to the root growth of seedlings obtained by different propagation methods, after planting, they should be planted and watered. The planting time of field cutting seedlings and layering seedlings should be in spring and winter, spring sowing should be before germination and winter sowing should be after defoliation. In June+February or early March of the following year, seedlings can be transplanted, cut and laminated, and seeds can be raised all year round.
2. Planting technology: vertical projection from the point to the stringing line 15 ~ 20cm, digging planting holes with a diameter of 30 ~ 40cm and a depth of 25 ~ 30cm. The excavated soil is mixed into a half pit backfilled with decomposed farmyard manure, and a steamed bun-shaped mound is cultivated at the bottom of the pit. Put the seedlings in the hole, lengthen the roots, and then backfill the remaining soil. The row spacing of plants should be 90 × 65433.
3. Seedling management: If cuttage propagation can't absorb water because it doesn't take root after the cuttings germinate, it mainly depends on the water supply in the cuttings. At this time, it is necessary to do a good job of shading and watering to prevent the cutting seedlings from drying up due to leaf water evaporation, especially in the south, where there is often a high temperature weather stage from April to May, which is the highest stage of cutting seedlings' death. At this time, spray can be used to achieve the purpose of cooling and moisturizing. The general external conditions of layering propagation have no obvious influence on it, and the seedling management is simple. Sexual reproduction mainly adopts seed seedling, which is mainly carried out in greenhouse. The management of seedling period is relatively simple, as long as it is watered regularly, and the operation is very simple. But in the hot season, we should pay attention to ventilation to prevent the temperature from overheating.
4. Seedling management: Seedling management is mainly weeding. After seed seedling, cutting or layering seedling, a small amount of base fertilizer should be applied in the planting hole when transplanting, but the base fertilizer should be evenly mixed with soil to prevent the rooting and young root growth of cutting seedlings from being affected. After planting, it enters the seedling stage, which is the period of rapid growth of August melon, and the requirements for water and fertilizer are relatively high. At this time, it should be applied before germination.
Field management of August melon
1. Rational fertilization: It should be carried out before germination in early March and in the middle period of plant growth (fruit expansion period) from June to July respectively. Generally, topdressing should be applied at 1 time after planting, and available nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied on both sides of each plant. Within 30 cm from the plant, dig a shallow ditch with a hoe and shovel, sprinkle fertilizer in the ditch, and immediately pour small water.
2. Reasonable irrigation: When August melons are short of water, artificial irrigation should be carried out. Before the rainy season in summer, the drainage ditch in August melon planting area should be cleaned in time, and the accumulated water should be removed in time.
3. Intertillage weeding: keep the soil loose and free of miscellaneous plants in the planting area of August melon, and the depth of intertillage weeding is 10 ~ 15 cm. Generally, manual weeding is adopted, and herbicides are not used. According to the growth law of weeds in the field, weeding should be carried out before the melon seedlings in August to eliminate weeds so as not to cover the drug seedlings. Weeds should be pulled up manually and hoed after two weeks.
4. Erect pruning: the stems of August melons and vines are fixed on the erector with palm leaves, and each plant keeps 2-4 fixed main vines, which need to be managed regularly like fruit trees such as grapes. Pruning is mainly based on thinning, and pruning is mainly based on top flower buds. Pruning time can be carried out in winter, and bleeding begins 2-3 weeks after the leaves fall off, but it should be carried out in winter.
5. Pest control: Pest control that harms Akebia trifoliata mainly includes clearing the garden in winter and eliminating overwintering pupae and eggs. Orchards should be sprayed with pesticides in time to control pests, or captured artificially, or integrated biological control, especially in spring, to prevent young branches and vines from being harmed by red leaf cicadas, aphids, trichomites, white mites and red spiders, or.
6. Harvesting with pockets: Harvesting in sunny days should be carried out after the dew disappears in the morning, and harvesting with branch scissors and sharp knives. When harvesting, it should be cut at a height of about 20 cm from the base of the stem, but the roots and roots of the mother plant should not be damaged, that is, pockets should be left as the basis for the next year's reproduction. After the mother plant of August melon is harvested, a large number of new shoots will grow from the base the next year. After selecting these new buds, 2-3 new buds will be kept and fixed on the square frame.