Hypovolemia and electrolyte disorders caused by excessive fluid and electrolyte loss due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures and heavy sweating.

Exposed to high temperatures, especially during heavy labor or physical exercise, sweating causes a large amount of fluid loss, salt (electrolytes) is also lost with the body fluids. It disrupts the circulatory system and the brain, leading to heat exhaustion (collapse), which seems to be serious but rare.

Diagnosis of Heatstroke Exhaustion, Heat Exhaustion The main symptoms are malaise, weakness, anxiety and profuse sweating. Because of the heat, blood vessels in the lower extremities dilate and blood pools, making it easy to faint when standing. The heart beats slowly, the pulse is weak, the skin is wet, cold and pale, cool and slippery; there may be mental disorders, loss of body fluids, decreased blood volume, decreased blood pressure, which may cause weakness or fainting. The presence of these symptoms is usually diagnostic of heat exhaustion.

Excessive sweating without timely fluid replacement can cause heat stroke exhaustion with fatigue, weakness, and anxiety. This is followed by circulatory collapse with a slow, thin pulse; low blood pressure that is not easily measured; cold, pale, clammy skin; and mental retardation, followed by shock-like confusion. The core body temperature ranges from 38.3 to 40.6 degrees Celsius. Symptoms of mild heat stroke failure (due to blood pooling in heat-dilated lower extremity vessels) promoted by prolonged standing in a hot environment are subnormal body temperature and simple fainting. Diagnosis of heat stroke failure causing circulatory collapse should be differentiated from insulin shock, poisoning, hemorrhagic or traumatic shock. A history of exposure to a hot environment, lack of fluid replacement, absence of other visible causes, and response to treatment are usually sufficient basis for diagnosis. The primary treatment is fluid and electrolyte replacement. Normal blood volume must be restored to ensure adequate cerebral perfusion.

The patient should be lying flat or with the head slightly lowered, and a small amount of cool water with a slight salt content or an electrolyte drink consumed by athletes should be given orally every few minutes. Move the patient to a cooler environment.

Isotonic saline IV is sometimes required, and cardiac stimulants or plasma expanders (albumin, dextrose) are rarely needed; if used, they should be given carefully to avoid volume overload.

With rehydration, the patient often recovers quickly and completely.

If blood pressure remains low and pulse slow after 1 hour of treatment, other conditions should be suspected.