Lobster vitality is extremely strong, can make full use of ponds, rice paddies and some of the deserted beaches, small pits and ponds and other bodies of water for aquaculture, the area of 2001 a 3335m2 is appropriate. As the shrimp have the habit of digging holes, the general depth of the hole in the 50-80cm, part of the depth of the hole more than 1m, in order to avoid digging holes to escape, aquaculture water bodies around the ridge width should be more than 1.5m, and set up around the ridge on the 0.5m high, smooth wall or escape escape walls or panels, build a good injection, drainage system. At the same time, the middle of the pond to build a few mud ridges, mud ridges at both ends do not connect with the ridge, ridge length of about 4 / 5 of the length of the pond, ridge width of more than lm, ridge above the water surface of 5-10cm, to create a place for lobsters to play cave dwellings. Pool depth of 0.5-1m is appropriate, preferably in the middle of the water depth, surrounded by shallow. The bottom of the pool placed roots, bamboo tubes, etc., the surface of the water to move the water plants.
2, stocking preparation
(1) pond finishing before the shrimp fry into the pond, we must carefully organize the pond, remove silt and level the bottom of the pond, so that the bottom and walls have good water retention properties, as far as possible to minimize water seepage. The pool embankment should have a certain slope. Conditional places can dig a ditch in the middle of the bottom of the pond or in the bottom of the pond slope around a ditch, mainly conducive to the early cultivation of shrimp fry management and capture when the operation is convenient.
(2) pond disinfection Pond disinfection work directly affects the survival rate of shrimp and breeding yield. Commonly used methods include:
①Lime disinfection: dry disinfection and water disinfection. Dry disinfection, 60-80 kg of quicklime per acre, the whole pond splashing, and then after 3-5 days of sunshine pond, into the new water; with water disinfection, per acre of 1 meter water depth, with fresh quicklime 125-150 kg, to be placed in the water to dissolve the fresh quicklime, the whole pond evenly sprinkled.
② bleach disinfection: bleach dissolved, the whole pool sprinkled, the dosage of 7 kg per acre, bleach essence dosage halved.
3 trichlorfon disinfection: 500 grams of crystal trichlorfon per acre of water surface, plus 50 grams of dichlorvos, dissolved and splashed the whole pool.
(3) water and fertilizer Injection of new water should be filtered to prevent wild fish and fish eggs with the water into the pool. At the same time fertilization to cultivate plankton, shrimp direct natural feed. Commonly used organic fertilizer application rate of 75-100 kg per mu, so that the water color has a certain degree of fertility. At this time the water level is shallow, with the deepening of the water, to gradually increase the amount of fertilizer. Specifically depends on the water color.
(4) planting water plants Lobster diet miscellaneous, although biased animal, but in the case of insufficient animal feed, but also eat water plants to feed. Lobster ingestion of water plants are bitter grass, Rotifolia black algae, water hyacinth, water lily and drought-loving lotus grass (water peanut) and so on. Hydrilla at the same time is the shrimp hidden, the ideal place to live, but also a good place for shrimp molt. Shrimp in ponds with a lot of water plants, high survival rate.
3, young shrimp stocking
(1) stocking of shrimp fry quality requirements
① neat specification shrimp fry requirements in 0.8 cm or more, shrimp species specifications for 2.5-3 cm. The same pond stocked shrimp fry or shrimp species, the requirements of the same specifications, a full release.
② strong body stocked shrimp fry, shrimp species should be strong, complete appendages, disease-free and injury-free, and drought-tolerant ability is strong, away from the water for quite a long time will not die.
3 wild shrimp species need to be domesticated shrimp fry shrimp species are artificially cultivated, such as the Department of the purchase of wild shrimp species, need to be artificially domesticated for a period of time before stocking, in order to avoid killing each other, to improve the survival rate of stocking.
(2) put methods and precautions
Larval shrimp put generally in May, can be put into a plastic pot, the first slowly add a small amount of water to the pot to the pot and the temperature of the water close to the pot and the pot of water to add 3% of a 4% salt bath disinfection for 5 minutes or so, and then along the edge of the pool slowly put in the pool, put in place, pay attention to avoiding exposure to the sun. Generally can be stocked 3cm of young shrimp 1-1.5 million or weight 80-120kg / mu, at the same time can be mixed with bighead and silver carp summer flower fish species 50-100 tails / mu, in order to regulate water quality. This shrimp production can reach 400-600kg, the benefit of 1000 yuan / mu or so. If the shrimp seedlings purchased from abroad, away from the water for a long time, some shrimp and even coma phenomenon, should be in the water basin for 20 minutes before putting, can improve the survival rate.
4, feed feeding
Lobster is omnivorous, especially like to eat animal feed, and lobster greedy nature, large intake, pay attention to feed feeding methods. Adult shrimp farming can be fed directly into the stranded rice bran, soybean cake, bran, miscellaneous fish, snails and mussels, silkworm pupae, earthworms, abattoir scraps or feed, etc., to maintain the feed protein content of about 25%, the daily feeding amount of shrimp body weight of 4-10%, according to the season, the weather, the quality of the water, shrimp physiological conditions and adjustments. 6-9 months of the water temperature is suitable for the growth of shrimp body peak period, generally feeding 2-3 times a day, the time of day, at 9-10 a.m. and before and after sunset or at night, the daily feeding amount of 5-8% of the weight of the shrimp; the rest of the season can be fed once per person, before and after sunset, or according to the feeding situation in the next day: the afternoon supplemental feeding, the daily feeding amount of shrimp; body weight of 1-3%. Feed feeding need to pay attention to the weather when the sunny more cast, high temperature and heat, continuous rainy days or water quality is too thick less cast; a large number of shrimp moult less cast, moult more cast.
During the breeding period, fertilizer should be applied at the right time. Generally in the young shrimp put 5-7 days later. Fermented animal manure can be applied 50-60kg/mu. late June to mid-August main organic fertilizer, the number of times and the amount of fertilizer to the appropriate water color and transparency shall prevail, the water color is soybean green or tea brown is good, transparency to 30-40cm is appropriate; the water quality should not be over-fertilized, otherwise it is easy to anoxia floating head.
Specifically. Should grasp the following points:
(1) according to the lobster different stages of growth and development of nutritional needs, get the bait combination of kiddie shrimp and shrimp species stage, mainly feeding rotifers, branching horns, copepods and aquatic insect larvae, and therefore should be through the application of adequate fertilizer, timely fertilizer, to cultivate a large number of rotifers, branching horns, copepods, as well as aquatic insect larvae for the kiddie shrimp and shrimp species to feed on. At the same time, supplemented by artificial baiting. August and September is the rapid growth stage of lobster, it should be fed wheat bran, soybean cake and tender green fodder, pumpkin, taro, melon skin, etc., supplemented by animal bait. 5, June is the critical stage of gonadal development in lobster, and August and September is the lobster accumulation of nutrients in preparation for the overwintering stage, this time should be fed with animal bait, such as fish, snails, clams, clams and mussels, earthworms and animal scraps from slaughterhouses. Slaughterhouse animal scraps, etc., so as to fully meet the requirements of lobster growth and development of nutrition.
(2) in accordance with the feeding characteristics of lobster, scientific baiting Lobster has the habit of day and night, night out of the activities of foraging, lobster also has the characteristics of gluttony and mutual competition for food, and thus in the bait feeding, usually 2 times a day to feed the evening 1 time mainly, feeding to account for the whole day 70% of the amount of feeding. Lobster swimming ability is poor, small range of activities, and has the habit of occupying the ground, so the bait feeding and to take a qualitative, quantitative, timed, fixed-point method, feeding uniformly, so that each shrimp can eat, to avoid competition for food, and promote balanced growth.
(3) in accordance with the weather, water quality and lobster activity eating conditions, reasonable baiting, in the water temperature of 20 ℃ 32 ℃, good water quality conditions, the lobster's intake is quite vigorous, usually fresh bait daily baiting can be arranged according to the pool of lobster body weight of 8% -12%, dry bait or feed is 3% of a 5%. Lobster feeding intensity and directly affected by the water temperature, water quality and other environmental factors, so the daily baiting also according to the weather, water quality and the lobster's activities to eat, to be reasonably adjusted. The general principle is that the weather is sunny, good water quality, lobster activity feeding exuberant, should be more bait, and high temperature, rainy weather or water quality is too thick, it should be less bait; large numbers of lobsters molt, should be less cast, after the molt, it should be more bait; lobster growing season should be more bait, the onset of the season or the lobster activity is not quite normal less bait, so as to increase the utilization of the bait.
5, water quality management
Lobster low oxygen tolerance is very strong, and can directly use the oxygen in the air, over-fertilized water quality can also survive. Pond aquaculture lobster water quality management is relatively simple.
(1) regulate the water quality to maintain the pond dissolved oxygen in 5 mg / liter or more, PH value of 7-8.5, transparency in 40 cm or so, every 15-20 days to change the water, each time to change the water 1/2; every 20 days to sprinkle 1 time lime water, each time the dosage of about 10 kg per acre to regulate the water quality.
(2) adjust the water level pond aquaculture lobster water level should not be too deep, usually keep the depth of water at about 1 meter, the high temperature season and lobster overwintering period of the water level can be deeper. Throughout the breeding period, the water level should remain relatively stable, not high and low, so as not to affect the growth of lobster.
6, daily management
Lobster farming, daily management is a long-term difficult and meticulous work, must be persistent.
(1) adhere to the pond inspection adhere to the morning or evening inspection tour once a day to observe changes in water quality in the pond, to understand the lobster feeding activities, bait feeding adjustments; clean up the aquaculture environment, abnormalities found in a timely manner to take countermeasures.
(2) pay attention to changes in water quality to prevent water quality by industrial pollution, pesticide pollution. When the water is low in dissolved oxygen, water quality aging, or in case of sweltering heat, continuous rain and other inclement weather, should reduce the amount of bait or stop baiting; pay attention to observation, if you find that the lobster response is slow, swim set to the shore, floating head and crawl to the shore, indicating that the lack of oxygen is serious, we should inject water in a timely manner or open the aerator to increase oxygen. Often refill new water, keep the pool water clean and sanitary; regularly disinfect the shrimp pond with quicklime; add multivitamins in the shrimp feed to enhance the shrimp's immune ability.
(3) good anti-escape Lobster ponds, to use plastic film or calcium-plastic boards and other materials, build a good anti-escape wall. Especially during the flood season, typhoon season, to do a good job of flood control, to prevent high winds and heavy rain to wash down the ridge or flooding triggered the escape of shrimp.
(4) strengthen the management of moulting shrimp moulting is an important symbol of lobster growth, moulting shrimp management is very important, in order to facilitate the strengthening of moulting shrimp management, should be through the baiting, water and other measures to promote the unified moulting of lobster groups. When a large number of lobsters molt, should reduce baiting, reduce human interference, all operations should be careful and cautious, to create a quiet and good environment to promote the smooth molt of lobsters. After a large number of lobsters molt, we should increase the feeding of high-quality bait in a timely manner, to prevent the lack of bait and trigger mutual slaughter.
(5) prevent lobster holes Lobster has the habit of hitting the holes, holes are in order to establish a safe and reliable habitat, moult, hiding places, to protect themselves. Thus, in farming, one can be laid on the slope of the ridge of a layer of dense plastic mesh, both slope protection, but also to prevent the hole. The second is to plant more aquatic plants in the pond, set up a certain number of nets, or set up bamboo tubes, plastic tubes and other artificial caves, increase the lobster's habitat moult hiding place, thus reducing the chance of lobster holes.