The tea ceremony to follow certain laws. Tang Dynasty to overcome the nine difficulties, that is, make, don't, ware, fire, water, hot, end, cook, drink. Song Dynasty for three points and three not tea, "three points" for the new tea, sweet springs, clean equipment for one, the weather is good for one, the flow of Confucianism and elegance, the smell of good guests for one.
The specific expression of the Chinese tea ceremony has two forms: tea decoction. Put the tea into the pot and water a piece of decoction. Pan-fried tea in the Tang Dynasty, is the earliest art of tea tasting form.
The tea ceremony. Ancient literati carry tea and water, through more than tea face soup flowers and taste and appreciate the tea soup to determine the advantages and disadvantages of a tea art. Fighting tea is also known as the battle of tea, the rise of the end of the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty. First popular in Fujian Jianzhou area. Fighting tea is the highest expression of the ancient art of tea tasting.
Work tea. The work tea popular in some areas of the Qing Dynasty is the flow of the art of tea tasting since the Tang and Song dynasties. Qing dynasty work tea is popular in fujian tingzhou, zhangzhou, quanzhou and guangdong chaozhou. Work Tea is all about the time of tasting and drinking.
Buddhism played an important role in the development of the Chinese tea ceremony.
Tang Dynasty, "Feng's Wenshimianlu": "learning Zen business in the sleepless, and not night food, are allowed to drink tea. People from Huaijia, cooking and drinking everywhere, and from then on to follow suit, and then became a custom." And the Tang poet Du Mu's: "Today's sideburns by the Zen collapse, the tea smoke lightly raise the wind of falling flowers" vividly depicts the scene of the old monks cooking tea in a quiet and elegant manner.
The popularity of tea drinking in large and small temples, monks to strengthen the study of tea harvesting, and then appeared throughout the generations of famous mountain temples out of the phenomenon of famous tea.
such as Biluochun, produced in Dongting Mountain, Jiangsu Province, Biluo Peak, formerly known as "water and moon tea", the first and Dongting Mountain, water and moon hospital monks made. Wuyi rock tea, the best for the Zen monks of Wuyi Temple production. Junshan silver needle produced in Junshan Baihe Temple.
The combination of tea and Buddhism, a great impetus to the development of tea culture, ancient books recorded in the Tang and Song dynasties are equipped with ancient temples, "tea hall", "Chaliao", where the monks are discussing the Buddhist doctrine of Zen, the scriptures, entertaining guests, sipping tea.
The monastery worship tea, tea planting at the same time, the Buddhist rules, tea reading and Buddhist philosophy, the concept of life into one, "tea and Buddhism are not separated", "tea and Zen one", "tea and Zen one" thus arising.
Tea and Buddha have the same way, are in the subject of feeling, not deep flavor and can not be. Drinking tea requires calmness of mind, sipping in a well-organized manner, in order to seek the environment and the state of mind of tranquility, purity and contentment.
During the development of the Chinese tea ceremony, many tea writings have emerged. Since the Tang Dynasty Lu Yu "tea" to the end of the Qing Dynasty Cheng Yu Ting's "rectification of Anhui tea documents", monographs *** counting more than 100 kinds of. Including tea, miscellany, tea, tea records, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea history, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea pod, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea.
The world's first tea monograph for the Tang Dynasty Lu Yu's "Tea Scripture". Lu Yu, the name of the disease, seriously total, careful study of the previous and then the experience of tea production, to complete the founding work of the "tea scripture". Therefore, he was honored as the God of Tea and the Tea Fairy. Tea Classic" systematically summarized the tea harvesting and drinking experience, a comprehensive discussion of the origin of tea, production, drinking and other aspects of the problem, the dissemination of scientific knowledge of the tea industry, to promote the development of tea production, the opening of the Chinese Tea Ceremony precedent.
Since Lu Yu wrote the "tea scripture", tea monographs came out one after another, further promoting the development of Chinese tea. Representative works of the Song Dynasty Cai Xiang's "Tea Records", Song Huizong Zhao Ji "Daguan tea theory", the Ming Dynasty Qian Chun Nian compiled, Gu Yuanqing school of "tea", Zhang Yuan's "Tea Records", the Qing Dynasty, Liu Yuan long "Tea History" and so on.
Tea culture is an important part of traditional Chinese culture. With the development and progress of society, tea not only plays a good role in the economy, become a necessity of people's lives, and gradually formed a brilliant tea culture, become a pearl of social spiritual civilization.
The emergence of tea culture, the human spirit and wisdom to a higher realm. Tea and culture have a deep relationship, involving a wide range of content is also very rich. Here are both the embodiment of spiritual civilization and the extension of ideology. Undoubtedly, it is beneficial to improve people's cultural cultivation and art appreciation level.
1, tea book
China's long history of tea industry for mankind to create the tea industry science and technology, but also for the world has accumulated the richest tea industry historical documents. In the vast sea of cultural texts, not only specializing in tea books, but also in the history, Fangzhi, notes, miscellaneous exams and word book type of ancient books, there are a large number of records on tea, tea history, tea and tea production technology.
2, tea publication
Tea publication refers to a fixed name, with volume, period or year, month order, numbered, booklet of the continuity of the tea professional publications. According to incomplete statistics, after the reorganization of China's tea periodicals **** 22 kinds, the number of other tea-producing countries can not be compared.
3, tea and weddings
The relationship between tea and weddings, simply put, is the application of tea in the wedding, absorbing tea or tea culture as part of the rituals. In fact, the tea culture of infiltration or absorption into the wedding, is linked to the conventions and customs of tea drinking in our country and the etiquette of tea hospitality. Because, the wedding is not only announced to the community or ask the community to recognize the marriage relationship of a form, in fact, is also through the feast, for the bride and groom to hold the recognition of relatives to pay homage to friends of a "reception". Therefore, the day of the wedding celebration, is also generally the marriage of two relatives and friends of the day of the big gathering, guests to offer tea, so that the wedding is also naturally and the tea bond. Therefore, from this point of view, the connection between tea and wedding, the earliest can be traced back to the time when tea began to prevail in China. However, what we are talking about here is not the process of marriage with tea hospitality, but the wedding ceremony directly with tea as a ritual of the various rituals.
4, tea and sacrifice
Tea as a sacrifice began when our ancestors do not seem to have made a special study. It is generally believed that the use of tea, from medicinal to drinking, drinking and then derived from a series of cultural phenomena of tea. That is to say, only after the tea has become a daily necessity, and then slowly be used or absorbed into our rituals, including funeral rites. China's buried with the Ming ware, "Shih Ming" said "to send the death of the device", mainly some "to help life to send the death of the memorial end of the vice" of the goods. As for the sacrificial rites, such as the Eastern Han Ruan Luo seven in the mourning poem in the chanting: "Jia cuisine set up not imperial, the purpose of the wine full of goblet cups", are the deceased enjoyed and favorite things to eat before they were born. In the above quoted verse, it can be roughly seen, China roughly in the Eastern Han Dynasty, at least at this time in the north, has not been used tea for rituals.
5, tea and Buddhism
Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, a prince of the ancient Indian state of Kaviara (in present-day Nepal) in the 6th to 5th centuries BC. It was initially introduced to China from the Western region. But the official spread of Buddhism in China, or the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Until the Wei and Jin Dynasty, especially the North and South Dynasties this period has a greater development. However, Buddhism, especially the monastery economy has outstanding development, or in the Sui and Tang Dynasty, especially the Sheng Tang Dynasty.
6, tea and poetry
China is both "the motherland of tea", but also "the country of poetry", therefore, tea early penetration into the poetry, from the earliest tea poems (such as Zuo Si, "Poetry of the Jiao female" to the present, lasted 1,700 years, a large number of poets and poets. Years, for many poets, writers have created a lot of beautiful tea poetry.
7, tea song and tea dance
Tea song, tea dance, and tea and poetry, as in the case of tea, tea production, drinking the main culture derived from a tea cultural phenomena. Their emergence, not only in China on the later stage of the development of songs and dances, but also China's tea production and drinking formed as a regular content of social production and life only after the thing to see. From the existing tea history data, tea became the content of the song, the earliest in the western Jin Dynasty Sun Chu "out of the song", which said "Jiang Gui Tea Misfortune out of Ba Shu", where the "Tea Misfortune", are referring to the tea. In our country in ancient times, such as "er ya" said: "sound than the qin and seer day song"; "han shi chapter and verse" said: "there are chapter song day song", that as long as the poetry with chapter song, the sound of the sound of the qin and seer, then the poem is also a song. Song by the tea poetry and passed for the tea song of this situation is more, such as Xiong Fan in the ten "Royal Garden tea-picking song" in the preface, said: "the first dynasty of Cao Shi Feng Xiu Mu, since the name of the retreating Shi, had made the "Royal Garden tea-picking song" ten, passed on in the population. Fan, in honor of the story, also dedicated ten songs to the Cao Envoy." Here the so-called "spread in the population" means that the songs were sung among the people.
8, tea and opera
China is the creator of tea culture, but also the world's only tea development by the development of an independent theater - "tea ceremony" of the country. The so-called tea-picking opera, is popular in Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and regions of an opera category. In each province is also popular in different areas, and crowned with the name of each place to distinguish. Such as Guangdong's "Yuebei tea-picking opera", Hubei's "Yangxin tea-picking opera", "Huangmei tea-picking opera", "Herb Spring tea-picking opera "and so on. This kind of theater, especially in Jiangxi is more common, more types of plays. Such as Jiangxi tea-picking opera, that is, there are "Gannan tea-picking opera", "Fuzhou tea-picking opera", "Nanchang tea-picking opera", "Wuning tea-picking opera "Gannan Tea-picking Opera", "Fuzhou Tea-picking Opera", "Nanchang Tea-picking Opera", "Wuning Tea-picking Opera", "Ji'an Tea-picking Opera" etc. Although these plays have many names, but the time of their formation, roughly in the middle of the Qing Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty in this stage.
9, tea and art
Art is a "plastic art", is through the composition, modeling, coloring and other means to create a visual image of an art. Therefore, its scope or content includes not only painting and sculpture, but also architecture.
10, tea and couplets
Tea couplets, is our country couplets treasure trove of an eye-catching flowers. It is not limited to the number of words, but the requirements of the couplet neat, level and oblique coordination. It is the evolution of the form of poetry. In our country, where there is a "tea fellowship" places, such as teahouses, teahouses, tea rooms, tea stores, teahouses of the court or stone columns, tea ceremony, tea ceremony, tea ceremony performance on the walls of the hall, and even in the living room of the Tea People, you can often see hanging tea as the content of the tea. So that people see, not only simple and elegant beauty, but also "public morality and righteousness", noble feeling, but also can give people associations, increase the interest of tea.
11, tea proverbs
Tea proverbs, is another cultural phenomenon derived from the development of tea culture in China. The so-called "proverbs", with Xu Shen "Shuowen Jiezi" words, "proverbs: rumors also"; that is, refers to the masses of people in the oral tradition of an easy to speak, easy to remember and rich in philosophical sayings. Tea proverbs, in terms of its content or nature to points, roughly belong to the tea drinking and tea production of two categories. In other words, that is, tea proverbs mainly from tea drinking and production practices, is a generalization or expression of tea drinking and production experience, and through the form of proverbs, to take the method of oral memory to save and circulate. Therefore, tea proverbs is not only a valuable heritage of tea or tea culture in China, from the creative or literary point of view, it is a branch of China's folklore in a beautiful flower.
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Tea as one of the three non-alcoholic beverages popular in the world, tea drinking hobby all over the world. In the United Kingdom, tea is regarded as beauty, skin care drinks, the formation of a drink morning tea, afternoon tea fashion custom, called tea: "health of the liquid, the soul of the drink." In the eyes of the French, tea is "the most gentle, romantic and poetic drink." In Japan, tea is not only regarded as "the medicine for all diseases", but also in the Japanese people in the long-term practice of tea drinking, so that the tea out of the scope of the daily needs of material life, the development of sublimation into an elegant cultural arts - tea ceremony.
In our country, tea is known as the "national drink". "Seven treasures of the literati, zither, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea," tea through the six arts, so that the carrier of our traditional culture and art. Tea is regarded as the enjoyment of life, health medicine, refreshing drink, the bond of friendship, a symbol of civilization.
In the profound Chinese tea culture, the tea ceremony is the core. Tea ceremony consists of two elements: one is the preparation of tea drinking way, that is, the preparation of tea techniques, norms and drinking methods; the second is the ideological connotation. That is, through tea cultivation, cultivation, sublimation of thought to a philosophical realm. It can also be said that the moral and behavioral norms advocated at that time in certain social conditions in the tea drinking activities. These two basic points, in the Tang Lu Yu "tea" are clearly reflected.
Numerous ancient tea ceremony monographs, despite the different ages, different schools, in the bubble drinking techniques but there is a **** the same point, that is, all the external manifestations are to reflect the natural beauty of tea, reflecting the tea, "fresh sweet and mellow", and never for the performance of the show. Therefore, the Chinese Tea Ceremony requires: (a) tea must be cleaned; (b) advocating the use of light water tea, spring water, river water, and even snow on the pine, plum blossom stamens on the snow water tea; (c) seeks to boil the right amount of water. (D) requires the use of expensive high-quality tea utensils, and the provisions of the first tea bowl hot or baked hot, in order to facilitate the tea soup aroma fully ascending.
Tea custom is a folk custom, it is the accumulation of traditional national culture, but also the refraction of people's mentality, it is centered on tea activities throughout people's lives, and on the basis of the traditional evolve into a part of people's cultural life, it is rich in content, the various presentations of the wind: ① Tea and weddings: Tea and wedding relationship, in short, is the application of tea as part of the wedding ceremony rituals. Tea and Wedding: The relationship between tea and wedding is simply the application of tea in wedding as a part of ritual. As the nature of tea does not move, the seeds are still in the blossom, known as the mother and child to meet, indicating fidelity.
② Tea and sacrifice: China's tea for the sacrifice, roughly in the North and South Dynasties gradually emerged. Ancient tea offerings, there are generally such three forms: in the tea bowl, tea calendars filled with tea; not boiling only to put dry tea; do not put tea, tea pots, teapots, tea cups as a symbol of the long time. Tea as an offering in ritual activities can be said to be a kind of feudal superstitious subculture derived from the development process of tea culture. But it truly reflects the historical phenomenon of mankind.
3 Tea drinking customs: China's vast territory, the population, a large number of ethnic groups, the tea drinking customs in a variety of ways, each presented style.
"Tea has a variety of tea, water has a variety of water, only good tea, good water flavor is beautiful. It shows that the relationship between tea and water to the deep, talk about tea to discuss water. Ming Dynasty Xu Zishu in the "tea sparse" said: "fine tea contains incense, through the water and hair, no water can not be discussed with the tea. Qing Dynasty Zhang Dafu in the "Plum Blossom Hall" also said: "Tea must be hair in water, eight points of tea, meet ten of the water, tea is also very carry; eight points of water, try ten of the tea, tea is only eight points ear". Said in the combination of tea and water, the role of water is often more than tea, not only because the water is the color, aroma, taste of tea carrier; and drinking tea, tea in a variety of substances, the embodiment of pleasure, pleasure generation, infinite will of the aftertaste, are through the water to achieve; and a variety of nutrients and pharmacological functions of the tea, ultimately, is also through the water of the brewing, through the eyes, nose, nose, mouth to taste the way to achieve. If the water quality is poor, tea in many of the substances contained in the contaminated, people drink tea can not smell the fragrance of tea, but also can not taste the sweetness of tea, but also can not see the crystal of the tea broth, but also the loss of the benefits of drinking tea, especially the tea to bring people the material, spiritual and cultural enjoyment. In recent times, many tea practitioners have analyzed and measured the water for tea and experimental comparisons. Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, for example, the manager of chemical testing and open soup review, the results show that: to the Hupeng Spring water and Yunqi water is the best, the West Lake water, Qiantang River water, followed by the city Tianlu water and tap water again, the city well water is the worst.
West Lake Longjing Tea
West Lake Longjing Tea is one of China's top ten famous tea, produced in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, West Lake "Longjing" and named. It is famous for its green color, lush fragrance, sweet taste and beautiful shape.
West Lake is both a tourist attraction and a major tea producing area. Tea production here has a history of more than 1,200 years. Lu Yu of the Tang Dynasty, "tea" in the "scripture" has been "Hangzhou Qiantang Tianzhu, Lingyin two temples produce tea" record. In the Song Dynasty, Bao Yun tea from Bao Yun Mountain, Xianglin tea from Xianglin Cave in the Lower Tianzhu, and Baiyun tea from Baiyun Peak in the Upper Tianzhu were all listed as "tribute tea". Qing Qianqian Qianlong emperor to Jiangnan, has been to Hangzhou, Lion Peak Hu Gong Temple drinking Longjing tea, praise, and to "see the villagers picking tea roasting method, the imperial watch picking tea song" as the title of the chant:
Village men one after another under the layer of pepper, fake sales of bird tongue also eagle claw.
The ground stove fire slowly added, dry kettle soft wind whirlwind fried.
These are the first to be released, and the second to be released.
West Lake Longjing tea production area throughout the mountains around the West Lake, which is the Lion Peak, Longjing tea produced by the best quality. Here, the rolling peaks, streams trickling, lush forests, pleasant climate; four distinct seasons, rainfall uniformity, especially in the spring tea often drizzle, the mountains cloudy, creating a tea tree growth and development of the special needs of the "right place, right time".
West Lake Longjing tea picking and processing techniques are quite elaborate. Every spring, tea farmers pick green leaves in four grades, "Qingming" three days before the picking called "Mingqian tea". This tea buds burst, like the heart of the lotus, so it is also called "lotus heart tea", a catty of dry tea has 36,000 buds, is the West Lake Longjing tea in the treasures. After the Qingming to the "rain" before the picking called "rain before the tea", at this time, the tea stalk on the growth of a leaflet, shaped like a flag, the tea buds a little longer, shaped like a gun, so it is also known as "flag gun". "Picked at the beginning of summer is called "Bird's Tongue". Another month after the picking of the tea, called "terrier piece". West Lake Longjing tea processing and frying, due to different levels of raw materials, processing technology is not the same, the product has its own characteristics. The special grade Xihu Longjing tea is all hand-fried. Fresh buds, processed at a temperature of eighty degrees, required to maintain the color, aroma and beauty of the tea. Stir frying tea each pot can only fry two two, a skilled tea fryer, a day can only fry more than two kilograms of dry tea.
West Lake Longjing tea is characterized by: flat and straight shape, size and length, like a piece of orchid petals, color and lustre of young green or green, bright light, aroma high fresh, sweet taste, fresh olive aftertaste. Brewed in a glass cup, the tea leaves are tender and even into a flower, a flag and a gun, interlaced with each other, the tea broth is clear and blue, pleasing to the eye.
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West Lake Longjing Tea
Cuisine: Regional Specialties
Dish Flavor: Savory
Involved Ingredients: meatballs, salt, ......
Origin: Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Cause: West Lake Longjing tea originates from the mountains around West Lake, among which the tea produced by Lion Peak and Longjing is of the best quality. Here, the rolling peaks, streams, lush forests, mild climate, four distinct seasons, abundant and uniform rainfall, especially during the spring tea often drizzle, the mountains cloudy, constituting the growth and development of the tea tree special needs of the "microclimate".
History: West Lake tea production has a history of more than 1200 years. Lu Yu of the Tang Dynasty, "Tea" in "Hangzhou Qiantang Tianzhu, Lingyin two temples produce tea" record. By the Song Dynasty, Bao Yun tea from Bao Yun Mountain, Xianglin tea from Xianglin Cave in the Lower Tianzhu, and Baiyun tea from Baiyun Peak in the Upper Tianzhu, were all listed as "tribute tea". Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, when he traveled to the south of the Yangtze River, he went to Hangzhou Shifeng Hu Gong Temple to taste Longjing tea, and praised it. And "see the townspeople picking tea baking method, the Imperial观采茶作歌".
Varieties: West Lake Longjing tea picking is quite delicate. Every spring, tea farmers in four times by grade picking green leaves, "Qingming" three days before the picking called "Mingqian tea". This tea buds burst, like the heart of the lotus, so it is also called "lotus heart tea". A catty of dry tea has 36,000 buds, is the West Lake Longjing tea in the treasures. After the Qingming to the "rain" before the picking called "rain before the tea", at this time, the tea stalk on the growth of a leaflet, shaped like a flag, the tea buds are slightly longer, shaped like a gun, so it is also known as "flag gun". "Picked at the beginning of summer is called "Bird's Tongue". Another month after the picking of the tea, called "terrier piece".
Characteristics: flat and straight shape, size and length, like a piece of orchid petals, color and lustre of young green or emerald green, bright and bright, aroma high and fresh, sweet taste, fresh olive aftertaste. Brewed in a glass cup, the tea leaves are young and even into a flower, a flag and a gun, interlaced with each other, the tea broth is clear and blue, pleasing to the eye. The tea is famous for its green color, lush fragrance, sweet taste and beautiful shape.
Technology: Xihu Longjing tea processing and frying, due to different grades of raw materials, processing technology is not the same, the product has its own characteristics. Premium Xihu Longjing tea is all hand-fried. Fresh tea buds, processed at a temperature of 80 degrees, the requirements to maintain the color, fragrance and beauty of the tea. Stir frying tea per pot can only fry two two, a skilled tea fryer, a day can only fry more than two pounds of dry tea.