Hericium is a precious traditional Chinese dish. It is tender, fragrant, delicious and delicious. So, do you know how it is grown? Now I will share with you how to grow Hericium. Hope it helps everyone!
Hericium erinaceus cultivation conditions:
1. Nutrition
Hericium erinaceus is a wood saprophyte and has a high ability to decompose wood. powerful. It can widely utilize carbon sources, nitrogen sources, mineral elements and vitamins, etc. In artificial cultivation, wood chips of suitable tree species are the most economical and excellent carbon source. Sugarcane bagasse and cottonseed hulls are also ideal carbon sources. Bran and rice bran are good nitrogen sources. Other nitrogen sources that can be used include urea, peptone, ammonium salts, nitrates, etc.
The growth and development process also requires a suitable C/N ratio. The optimum C/N ratio is 25:1 in the mycelial growth stage; 35-45:1 is optimum in the fruiting body growth stage. In addition, Hericium erinaceus also needs to absorb a certain amount of mineral ions such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium during its growth.
2. Temperature
The growth temperature range of Hericium mycelium is 6-34°C, and the optimal temperature is about 25°C. If it is lower than 6°C, mycelial metabolism stops; When the temperature is higher than 30℃, the mycelium grows slowly and easily ages, and stops growing at 35℃. The temperature range for fruiting body growth is 12-24°C, with 18-20°C being the most suitable. When the temperature is higher than 25°C, the fruiting body grows slowly or does not form a fruiting body; when the temperature is lower than 10°C, the fruiting body begins to turn red. As the temperature drops, the color deepens and has no edible value.
3. Moisture and humidity
The suitable moisture content of the culture medium is 60-70%. When the moisture content is lower than 50% or higher than 80%, the primordia of Hericium erinaceus will differentiate. The quantity is significantly reduced, the fruiting bodies mature late, and the yield is reduced. Regarding the relative humidity requirements, 70% is appropriate during the mycelium culture and development stage; it needs to reach 85-90% during the fruiting body formation stage. At this time, the fruiting body grows rapidly and is white. If it is lower than 70%, the surface of the fruiting body will lose water seriously, the mushroom body will shrink and turn yellow, and the mushroom spines will be short and unable to elongate, resulting in reduced yield; on the contrary, if the relative air humidity is higher than 95%, the mushroom spines will be long and thick. The mushroom body has a small spherical center and is branch-shaped, forming a "flower mushroom". A Hericium fruiting body with a diameter of 5-10cm has a daily water evaporation of 2-6g.
4. Air
Hericium is an aerobic fungus and is very sensitive to CO2 concentration. When the CO2 concentration in the air is higher than 0.1%, it will stimulate the growth of the stipe. They continue to branch and form coral-like deformed mushrooms, so it is extremely important to keep fresh air in the mushroom house.
5. Light
Hericium mycelium basically does not need light during the growth stage, but it cannot form primordia under light-free conditions. It requires 50lx scattered light to stimulate the primordia. basal differentiation. The fruiting body growth stage requires sufficient scattered light. When the light intensity is 200-400lx, the mushroom body will grow plump and white. However, when the light intensity is higher than 1000lx, the mushroom body will be red, the quality will be poor, and the yield will decrease.
The growth of the spines of Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies has obvious geotropism, so it is not advisable to change the direction of the container too much during management, otherwise deformed mushrooms with curled spines will form.
6. pH
Hericium erinaceus is an acid-loving fungus and can grow in the pH range of 2.4-5 during the hyphae growth stage, but pH 4 is the most suitable. When the pH is above 7, mycelial growth is poor and the colonies are irregular. The most suitable pH for the fruiting body growth stage is pH 4-5.
How to grow Hericium erinaceus:
1. Variety selection
The main cultivated varieties are C9, H11, H5.28, H401, H801, Hsm . The excellent strains with fast fruiting and high yield mainly include C9 and H5.28.
2. Cultivation Season
The cultivation season of Hericium erinaceus should be determined based on the optimal growth temperature of its fruiting body at 16-20℃ and the local climate conditions. Generally, it can be cultivated in both spring and autumn. In South China, inoculation can be started from February to March in spring, and it is better to inoculate and cultivate from September to October in autumn.
3. Preparation and bagging of culture material
Preparation of culture material:
1. Formula of culture material:
① 50% cottonseed hulls, 30% sawdust, 16% wheat bran, 2% gypsum or calcium carbonate, 1% sugar, 1% superphosphate.
② 50% grass powder, 26% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 2% gypsum or calcium carbonate, 1% sugar, 1% superphosphate.
③ 69.5% sawdust, 25% wheat hulls, 2% soybean flour, 2% gypsum or calcium carbonate, 1% sugar, 0.5% urea.
When preparing, first mix the main ingredients evenly, then dissolve other auxiliary ingredients such as gypsum powder, superphosphate or sugar in water, and then slowly spray them into the culture medium. Ingredients: water = 1: 1.2-1.5, so that the moisture content reaches about 70%. After mixing the ingredients, pile the ingredients into a pile and simmer for half an hour to make the ingredients fully moist and absorb water evenly to prevent uneven drying and wetting. Because Hericium erinaceus likes acidity, lime should not be added to the culture material to control the pH of the material between 4-5.
2. Bagging: The specifications of plastic bags for front-loading culture materials vary, but 15-55cm low-pressure polyethylene plastic bags are commonly used, and each bag can hold 0.2-0.25kg of dry materials. Before loading, tie one end of the bag mouth with a string. When loading, compact the material. The upper and lower tightness should be consistent, and the bag mouth should be wiped clean to prevent bacteria from invading from the bag mouth. After it is filled with materials, punch a ventilation inoculation hole from the center, and then tie the other hole tightly with a string.
4. Disinfection of culture materials:
Use high-pressure sterilization or normal pressure sterilization. When the temperature reaches 100°C, keep it for more than 14 hours, and then seal it after a ceasefire. 4-6h.
5. Sowing the bacteria
When the temperature of the material drops below 30°C, inoculate it under sterile conditions. Each bag is connected to 5 holes. After inoculation, the bacterial tubes are moved into the culture room and stacked in a "well" shape to grow bacteria. The temperature in the culture room is maintained at 20~25°C, the air humidity is about 65%, and the culture is shaded. During the period of vigorous mycelium growth (about 15 days after inoculation), the temperature drops to about 20°C. After 20-28 days of cultivation, the mycelium of the fungus tube is basically full, and the fungus tube should be moved into the mushroom shed in time to promote budding and fruiting.
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