1. Seed direct broadcast
March 25 to April 10 (a week before and after the Qingming Festival), the specific can also be arranged according to the local climate. Each 667 square meters with the amount of seeds about 150 to 200 g. Before sowing with 30 to 35 ℃ warm water soak seed germination 24h, when the seeds have more than 85% of the whitening, can be leaked out of the water, will be mixed with a small amount of germ embryo polymyxin, in a timely manner for direct broadcasting, it is best to choose to sow three days after the rain is most suitable. When sowing, the hole should be shallow, slightly covered with fine soil or grass ash after sowing is best. Then covered with mulch or straw, after 10d after the seedlings out of the flush for a small amount of water spray. When the seedling height of 15 to 20cm each plant can be applied 2 to 3 grains of compound fertilizer, in order to make the seedlings strong. However, it should be noted that the fertilizer should not be too close to the seedlings, to 2 ~ 3cm from the seedlings is appropriate, in order to prevent the burning of seedlings.
2. Nutrient bowl nursery
Nutrient bowl nursery, every 667 square meters with bowl 1200 ~ 1500. Soak the seeds in warm water for 24h, and then stir the seeds with carbendazim, and herbicides are prohibited in the seedbed. The bowl should be watered before planting, and the cover soil should not be thick. Do small arches, cover the film, 7 ~ 10d or so seedlings out of the ground, should be especially observed weather changes, control the temperature, in order to prevent overheating or overcooling, injury to seedlings, the shed temperature control between 20 ~ 35 ℃. Artificial weeding at the right time, keep one strong seedling in each bowl, and spray one or two times of Chlormequat chloride and carbendazim before transplanting. The height of transplanted seedlings should be no more than 20cm. rape stubble field in late May, the blank field should be advanced to mid-May. Use a potter to transplant the plants in holes with a spacing of 1.3 to 1.5m and a plant spacing of 65 to 80cm. Compound fertilizer 10 ~ 20kg per mu or appropriate amount of farmyard manure, fertile vegetable land should be appropriate control of fertilizer, the seedling bowl moved into the hole, after the cultivation of soil, watering.
Field management
1. Inter-seedling and replanting
When the yellow marshmallow grows 10 to 15cm high, each hole to stay a strong seedling, the other pulled out of the hole can be changed in a timely manner to transplant replanting. When replanting seedlings, attention should be paid to transplanting hole sprayed with the right amount of water to ensure the survival rate.
2. Weed control
Generally try to weed manually and use less or no herbicides. When the yellow marshmallow grows to 20 ~ 25cm should be timely removal of weeds. When the seedling grows to 60 ~ 80cm can also be 3cm away from the seedling with paraquat, but should pay attention to not hurt its roots. The number of manual weeding is case-specific, generally two.
3. Fertilization
The principle of fertilization is: universal application of base fertilizer; light application of seedling fertilizer; follow-up application of branching fertilizer; heavy application of bud fertilizer. Seedling should be less fertilizer or no fertilizer, usually pay attention to watering, keep the soil moist. Marshmallow grows to 60 ~ 80cm high when the most need for organic fertilizer, but fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be balanced Marshmallow blossom is divided into three periods: the first time for the July 28 ~ August 5, per 667m?per day can produce flowers 70 ~ 80kg or so; the second time for the August 15 ~ August 23, per 667 square meters per day can produce flowers 80 ~ 90kg; the third time for the August 28 to September 13, the The third time is from August 28 to September 13, every 667 square meters can produce 50-60kg of flowers per day. special reminder, heavy application of bud fertilizer is the key to improve the flower yield of yellow marshmallow. At this time, especially pay attention to supplement phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Rotting stable manure and organic fertilizers need to be applied one week before the blooming period, compound organic fertilizer is generally 30kg per 667 square meters is appropriate, generally in late July and mid-August in two installments.
4. Topping and height control
Shallowallow is a herbaceous tall plant, in the conditions of adequate fertilizer, up to 3 ~ 4m, too high for picking, but also consume nutrients, is not conducive to improving yield. In order to control its height, when the seedling height of 30 ~ 40cm for topping, to promote its main stem dwarfing more branches. Or in late June, early July, when the seedling grows to 60cm, sprayed with dwarfin, when the plant 80cm just pregnant buds can be sprayed with doxorubicin once, and then sprayed at intervals of 7 ~ 10 days, so that its height is controlled at about 2m, began to grow stamens to stop spraying any potion. 4 pest control Marshmallow cultivation is more relaxed, generally no major pests and diseases occur, basically do not need to play medicine. Just summer rainy season should do a good job of clearing the ditch leaching work, and strive to do without water. Marshmallow is drought-resistant, but most afraid of stagnant water, especially in the middle and late stages of the water, easy to lead to root rot, and even lead to anthracnose and other diseases. Plants should not be too dense, and good ventilation and light transmission should be maintained. In order to prevent residual pathogens in the field, you can use carbendazim fungicide 800 to 1000 times liquid spray to prevent and control at the seedling stage. Aphids are controlled by spraying 2000 to 3000 times of anti-phidwill wettable powder. A simple method is to fry the oil dregs with 90% trichlorfon mixed, sprinkled around the seedlings can trap tigers, mole crickets and other underground pests.
5. Harvesting and processing
Harvesting and processing is a very important part of the process, improper collection will affect the total flavonoid content of the active ingredient of the herb. There are burrs on the stalks of Marshmallow branches, and gloves should be worn when picking. Because the flowers of marshmallow only one day open time, so the open flowers should be picked on the day, usually before the end of three o'clock in the afternoon, in order to facilitate timely processing. Pick flowers should pay attention to try not to rub the flowers, rubbing the flowers after the flow of glue, glue flow and air chemical reaction, resulting in the color of the flower is not bright or even rot. Therefore, the flowers should not be squeezed in the basket, immediately after picking full of flowers into the place of flowers, after picking the flowers must be sent to the drying room within one hour to dry the flowers in a timely manner to enter the drying program. Remove the ovary, branch stalks, etc. per person per hour can pick flowers 18 ~ 25 kg. drying equipment energy now generally use electricity and coal, temperature control at 60 ~ 80 degrees, placed in the thickness of 3 ~ 5cm, per mu can be harvested dried flowers and herbs 30 ~ 40kg.