The first thing to do after being bitten by a snake is to clarify whether it is a venomous snake bite. Generally speaking, venomous snakes have triangular heads, thicker and shorter tails, and brighter color spots. But there are exceptions, the gold ringed snake and silver ringed snake's head is not triangular, the bamboo leaf green tail is thin and long, but they are all poisonous snakes. Two-headed snakes have brightly colored bodies, but are not venomous. Snake bite teeth marks is a more reliable basis for judgment, non-venomous snakes teeth marks more rows, and shallow teeth marks, venomous snakes teeth marks in two or several points, and teeth marks deeper.
Once you have determined that the bite is a venomous snake, take emergency self-help measures.
The first aid on the spot after the snake bite is very important to take various measures to rapidly discharge the poison and prevent the absorption and spread of venom to the medical station in conditions should continue to take comprehensive measures such as thorough wound cleaning internal and external application of effective snake tablets antivenom application and systemic supportive therapy
(a) to prevent the absorption of venom: snake venom is bitten in 3-5 minutes to enter the body quickly! Effective measures should be taken as early as possible to prevent the absorption of venom
1 Taping method: a simple and effective method is also easy to do on the scene of a method of self-help and mutual aid, that is, immediately after being bitten by a snake, use a strip of cloth, hand towel or bandage, etc., in the proximal side of the injured limb at the 5-10 centimeters or in the root of the injured fingers (toes) to be tied in order to reduce the return of the venous and lymphatic fluids in order to achieve the temporary prevention of the snake venom absorption of purpose. The purpose of the evacuation should be loosened every 20 minutes for 1-2 minutes each time to prevent stasis and tissue necrosis until the wound has been thoroughly debrided and snake tablets have been taken for 3-4 hours before the bandage is lifted
2Ice compresses: If possible, ice can be applied to the injured limb at the same time as the bandage so that the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels can contract to slow down the absorption of the venom, and the injured limb or injured finger can also be submerged into cold water at 4-70C for 3-4 hours before switching to ice compresses. -4 hours and then switch to ice packs cold compresses for 24-36 hours can be but local cooling at the same time to pay attention to the whole body warm
3 injured limb braking: after the injury to walk slowly can not run to reduce the absorption of toxins, the best is the injured limb temporary braking and then placed in a low position to the medical station if necessary, can be given the right amount of sedation to make the patient to keep quiet
(2) to promote the snake venom discharged and destruction: The snake venom stored in the wound should take appropriate measures to promote its discharge or destruction of the simplest method is to use the mouth to suck every time after sucking to rinse the mouth of course, the sucker cavity mucous membranes and lips should be ulcerated places can also be used to suck the breast instrument cupping and other methods to suck out the wound of the snake venom effect is also more satisfactory
Wounds deep and contaminated should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, should be centered in the tooth mark will be the wound for the "+" or "+" or "+" or "+" or "+" or "+" or "+" or "+" or "+" or "+" or "+" or "+". "+" or "+ +" shaped incision to make the residual snake venom easy to flow out but the incision should not be too deep so as not to injure the blood vessels of the bite in the hands or feet can also be used to three pronged needles or the tip of the knife in the eight evil points or eight wind points to the proximal subcutaneous stabbing of one centimeter and then gently massaging the near to far to accelerate the discharge of snake venom wound. Accelerate the discharge of snake venom after the wound is enlarged can also be used for a variety of drugs for local wet compresses or rinsing in order to achieve the purpose of destroying or neutralizing the venom of the snake commonly used dressings of 30% saline or alum water used for wound rinsing of topical medicines 1: 5000 potassium permanganate solution and 5% -10% of the saline
Trypsin local injection has a certain effect it can be the decomposition of this and destruction of venom and thus alleviate or inhibit the symptoms of poisoning patient The use of saline 2-4 ml of trypsin dissolved in the basal layer of the wound and around the injection 12-24 hours after the injection can be repeated injections of sodium tachyphylaxis diuretic acid or mannitol, etc. can accelerate the snake venom from the urinary tract of the discharge
(C) inhibit the role of the snake venom: the main is the internal consumption and external application of effective herbs and snake tablets to achieve detoxification anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, cardiovascular and diuretic effect of anti-snake venom serum has been widely used in clinical on the same kind of snakebite effect is better
1 a variety of snake tablets: currently used in clinical snake tablets have more than ten kinds of use first of all to find out the use of tablets on which kind of poisonous snakes are effective, followed by the use of medication to be early to dose to be large course of treatment to be long last must be targeted to use other Chinese and Western medicine adjunctive therapy clinically used most widely is the Nantong snake tablets (also known as the JiDeSheng snake tablets) Immediately after the injury should be taken 20 tablets and then every 6 hours to take 10 tablets until the symptoms of poisoning is significantly reduced at the same time, the tablets will be mixed with warm water to make a paste coated around the wound and limb swelling of the upper 3-4 centimeters of the Guangzhou snake tablets (HeXiaoSheng snake tablets) healing effect is also better Immediately after the injury to take 5 tablets and then every 3 hours to take 5 tablets of the serious cases of the dosage of medicine doubled in addition to the Shanghai snake tablets for the main treatment of pit vipers bites snake SanMan snake tablets main treatment Golden ring snake and silver ring snake bites
2 Chinese herbal medicine single prescription: can be used fresh half lotus (whole grass) 30-60 grams of mashed to take the juice of the internal use of detoxification and diuretic effect of detoxification can also be used fresh sapium sebiferum shoots 30 grams of mashed to take the juice of internal use of dregs of the medicine can be used as a compress to prevent the snake venom attack
3 serum therapy: antivenom has a certain degree of efficacy against snake bites monovalent serum efficacy can be as high as 90% but Multivalent serum efficacy is only 50% at present has been tried successfully serum anti-viper venom serum anti-cobra venom serum anti-five-step snake venom serum and anti-silver-ring snake venom serum, etc. Some of them have been refined into a powder to facilitate the preservation of the use of antivenom should be made before the use of skin allergy test negative can be injected
(d) systemic support therapy: snake bite within a few days after the condition of the heavier intoxication symptoms are obvious often accompanied by different degrees of water and electrolyte disorders, and the body is not a good place for the treatment of snakebite. The degree of water and electrolyte disorders and shock severe respiratory failure heart failure acute renal failure hemolytic anemia and therefore active systemic treatment and correction of major organ function is important blood pressure should be given in time to transfusion and rehydration of anti-shock treatment of respiratory stimulants and oxygen when breathing is weak, if necessary, assisted respiration of adrenocorticotropic hormone and antihistamine application of the toxin and reduce the symptoms of toxicity have a role in systemic antitoxic symptoms. Systemic anti-infective drugs are important in the prevention of local tissue necrosis, and routine TAT injections are necessary to prevent tetanus.