The chemical structure center of carotene has the same polyene chain, including α, β, γ, δ, ε, lycopene and other isomers. According to the type of shikonin ring or group existing at both ends. β -carotene is the most widely distributed and has the highest content in carotene. Among many isomers, vitamin A has the strongest biological activity. It exists in green leaves with chlorophyll * * *, and there are many roots of carrots. The maximum absorption wavelength in chloroform is 497 ~ 466 nm. β -carotene is insoluble in water and alcohol, but soluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide, etc. α -carotene and β -carotene coexist in green leaves and carrot roots, and the content is generally small. The optical rotation of its benzene solution α] 18cd =+385. The maximum absorption in chloroform is 485-454 nm. The distribution of γ -carotene in organisms is limited. The maximum absorption in chloroform is 508.5,475,446 nm.

/view/2858 12.htm？ Fr=ala0_ 1_ 1 lutein, also known as "plant lutein", coexists with zeaxanthin in nature. It is the main component of plant pigments such as corn, vegetables, fruits and flowers. It is contained in the chloroplast of leaves and can transfer the absorbed light energy to chlorophyll a. It is speculated that chlorophyll a has protective effects on photooxidation and photodamage. It is also the main pigment that constitutes the macular area of human retina.

Lutein is a natural substance widely found in vegetables, flowers, fruits and other plants, belonging to the "carotenoid" family. At present, there are more than 600 carotenoids in nature, of which only about 20 exist in human blood and tissues. Carotenoids found in human body mainly include D- carotene, P- carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and norflavin. Medical experiments have proved that natural lutein contained in plants is an excellent antioxidant. Adding a certain amount of lutein to food can prevent cell aging and organ aging, and at the same time prevent vision loss and blindness caused by macular degeneration in the elderly. Through a series of medical studies, carotenoids have been suggested to be used as cancer preventive, life-prolonging agent and anti-ulcer agent. At the same time, lutein can also be used as feed additive for coloring poultry meat and eggs, and also used as coloring and nutritional health care agent in food industry.

/view/48 1452.htm？ Fr=ala0_ 1_ 1 There are several different types of chlorophyll: chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main types, which exist in higher plants and green algae; Chlorophylls C and D exist in all kinds of algae and often coexist with chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll C is rare and can be found in some Chlorella. Bacterial chlorophyll exists in some bacteria. In green plants, chlorophyll exists in membrane-like discoid units (thylakoids) in organelles called chloroplasts. Chlorophyll molecule contains a central magnesium atom and a nitrogen-containing structure around it, which is called porphyrin ring. A long hydrocarbon side chain (called chlorophyllin chain) is attached to porphyrin ring. The difference of chlorophyll species is caused by the subtle changes of some side groups. Chlorophyll is very similar in structure to heme, an oxygen-carrying pigment found in red blood cells of mammals and other vertebrates.

Chlorophyll is a kind of chlorin pigment, which is similar to porphyrin pigment such as heme in structure. There is a magnesium atom in the center of the chlorin ring. Chlorophyll has many side chains, usually including a long leaf green base chain. The following are several kinds of chlorophyll that can be found in nature:

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