The raw material of distilled liquor is generally starch rich in natural sugar or easily converted into sugar. Such as honey, sugar cane, sugar beet, fruit and corn, sorghum, rice, wheat and potatoes. Sugar and starch are fermented by yeast to produce alcohol. Using the difference between the boiling point of alcohol (78.5℃) and the boiling point of water (100℃), the original fermentation broth was heated to the boiling point between them, and the alcohol components and aroma substances were collected by distillation.
Liquor, mash or fermented grains are heated by special distillers. Because of the different volatilities of various substances contained in it, the relative contents of various substances in steam and liquor are different in the process of heating distillation. Alcohol (ethanol) is more volatile, so the alcohol concentration in the steam produced after heating increases, while the alcohol concentration in liquor or mash decreases. After collecting alcohol and cooling, the obtained wine is colorless, but the smell is spicy and strong. Its alcohol content is much higher than that of the original liquor, and the alcohol content of the general brewed liquor is lower than 20%. Distilled liquor can reach more than 60%. Distilled liquor in China is mainly brewed from grain raw materials and then distilled.
Distilled liquor familiar to modern people can be divided into liquor (also known as shochu), brandy, whisky, vodka, rum and so on. Liquor is unique to China and is usually distilled after grain brewing. Brandy is distilled from wine, and whiskey is distilled from grains such as barley after fermentation. Rum is distilled from sugarcane wine.
Extended data
Brewing principle and technology of distilled liquor;
Distilled liquor is a highly alcoholic liquor extracted from fermented raw materials through one or more distillation processes. The principle of making distilled liquor is to extract high-purity liquor by evaporating alcohol according to the physical properties of alcohol.
Because the vaporization point of alcohol is 78.3℃, vaporized alcohol can be obtained by reaching and maintaining this temperature. If the vaporized alcohol is input into the pipeline and cooled, it is liquid alcohol. However, in the heating process, substances such as moisture of raw materials will also be doped in alcohol, thus forming different qualities of liquor. Most famous wines are distilled many times to obtain high-purity liquor with low impurity content.
Distilled liquor is an alcoholic beverage, which is distilled from alcoholic liquid, regardless of the alcohol content in the original liquid. Alcohol can be obtained by distillation, and the principle is simple. Because the temperature required for alcohol to turn into gas is lower than that required for water to turn into gas.
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