Different age groups need different amounts.
The daily requirement of zinc recommended by experts of China Nutrition Society is: 3 mg for newborn-6-month-old baby; 7- 12 month baby 5mg; 1-3 years old children 10 mg; 20 mg for pregnant women; Nurse 20 mg; Normal adult10-15mg.
Infant zinc supplement depends on breast milk.
Breast-feeding the baby for at least 3 months, and then slowly switch to milk powder or other milk substitutes. The absorption rate of zinc in breast milk is high, reaching 62%. Especially, the content of zinc in colostrum is high, and the average concentration is 4 7 times that of serum zinc.
Adding zinc-containing food after weaning
Such as beef, lean pork, mutton, animal liver, peanuts, soybeans, carrots, oysters, tablets of Gao Jixing, etc. According to the determination, the zinc content of animal food is higher than that of plant food, and the amino acids produced after protein decomposition of animals can effectively promote the absorption of zinc, and the absorption rate is generally around 50%; However, zinc contained in plant foods can combine with plant acids and cellulose to form compounds that are not easily soluble in water, thus hindering human absorption, and the absorption rate is only about 20%. Artificial feeding infants should gradually start to add easily absorbed zinc-rich complementary foods: lean meat powder, egg yolk, fish paste, animal liver, oysters, peanut rice flour, and high-quality tablets from 4 months.
Children's zinc supplement depends on a balanced diet
Children after the age of 5 can already get the zinc they need from food. Therefore, it is necessary to educate children from an early age to develop a good habit of not being picky about food and not being partial to food, paying attention to a reasonable and balanced diet structure, and mixing coarse and coarse grains, vegetables and fruits. In this way, children are generally not short of zinc. Don't let children eat too much sugar and sweets at ordinary times, so as not to affect the absorption of zinc. Never treat zinc drugs as omnipotent "nutritional tonics" and apply them for a long time.
Zinc supplementation for children depends on age and severity of zinc deficiency.
For general infants with malabsorption or lost zinc deficiency, zinc sulfate and zinc gluconate can be taken orally at first 1mg/kg daily, and the plasma zinc content should be closely monitored. In order to facilitate absorption, it is best to take zinc orally before meals 1 to 2 hours. At the same time, taking zinc should increase protein intake and treat iron deficiency anemia, which can improve zinc deficiency faster. General zinc gluconate will have some side effects, such as stomach irritation, etc. It is recommended to take Gaojixing tablets, which are non-irritating, sweet in taste and high in absorption rate.
For infants who cannot be supplemented with zinc through gastrointestinal tract, it is suggested that zinc should be given intravenously: 0.4mg/kg for premature infants, 0.2mg/kg for full-term infants under 3 months, 0. 1mg/kg for older infants and young children, and 0.05mg/kg for children. Plasma zinc should be detected at any time. Should be hospitalized for treatment, not blindly implemented.
What role does zinc supplement have 1, and promote human growth and development?
If children and adolescents are short of zinc, it will lead to dysplasia and imbalance of intestinal flora. When the lack is serious, it will lead to "dwarfism" and mental retardation.
2, maintain the normal appetite of the human body
Zinc deficiency will lead to a decline in taste, anorexia, partial eclipse and even pica, and imbalance of intestinal flora.
3. Enhance human immunity
Zinc is a nutrient for thymus development of immune organs. Only sufficient zinc can effectively ensure thymus development, differentiate T lymphocytes normally and promote cellular immune function.
4. Promote the healing of wounds and wounds.
Zinc supplements were first used in clinic to treat skin diseases.
5, affect the metabolism of vitamin A and normal vision.
Zinc is clinically beneficial to the eyes because it can promote the absorption of vitamin A. The absorption of vitamin A is inseparable from zinc. Vitamin A is usually stored in the liver. When the human body needs it, it will be delivered to the blood. This process relies on zinc to complete the "mobilization" work.
How to supplement zinc correctly
It is suggested that parents should supplement zinc for their baby through food supplement.
The zinc content of animal food is higher than that of plant food, and the amino acids produced by protein decomposition of animals can promote the absorption of zinc, and the absorption rate of zinc is about 50%, while phytic acid and cellulose contained in plant food can combine with zinc to form water-insoluble compounds, thus preventing human body from absorbing zinc, and the absorption rate is only about 20%. Therefore, parents should prepare more animal foods to supplement zinc for their babies.
The absorption of zinc depends largely on the existence of iron, calcium and phosphorus. In order to prevent zinc deficiency, children should be encouraged to eat more foods rich in zinc, such as lean meat, pig liver, fish, egg yolk, oysters, squid, red meat, animal liver, etc., and develop good eating habits without being partial to food and picky eaters. Try to avoid eating refined food for a long time, and pay attention to the thickness of the diet. Rice, corn, white flour, vegetables and fruits contain less than 5 mg, so we should pay attention to zinc supplementation when eating these foods.
If the baby is seriously deficient in zinc and food supplement is not enough to make up for it, you can let the baby take zinc supplement preparation, and the effect of zinc supplement will be better.
Zinc is one of the essential trace elements for children's growth and development. The content of zinc in skeletal muscle and bone accounts for 83% of the whole body, but it has no specific storage form and needs to be continuously ingested from the outside.
The survey found that the percentage of zinc intake from meat in China was much lower than that in developed regions such as Europe, the United States and Canada. Zinc plays an extremely important role in children's growth and development, reproductive inheritance, immunity, endocrine and other important physiological processes. Therefore, zinc supplementation is very necessary for children in China!
The daily average amount of nutrients and food ingredients selected in the local food supply.
0 1 zinc deficiency in children is harmful (1), which affects brain development and memory function.
(2) It affects bone synthesis and calcification, which is not conducive to bone development and affects children's height.
(3) Affect appetite and hinder physical development.
(4) reduce immunity and get sick easily.
(5) Oral ulcers are prone to occur.
(6) The skin is sallow and dull, the hair is not good, and the wound is difficult to heal.
(7) vision loss, and in severe cases, it is easy to get night blindness.
Scientific zinc supplement pays attention to zinc as an essential trace element for human body, which cannot be synthesized in the body. Zinc supplement can only be supplied by food or medicine. The most natural way to supplement zinc is to take it from food, and most of it can be supplemented through normal diet. However, if the laboratory test shows that the child is deficient in zinc, he should take medicine to supplement zinc reasonably under the guidance of a doctor, so as not to affect the normal growth and development of the child due to zinc deficiency.
At present, it is suggested that the lower limit of the normal value of serum zinc level for children under 10 is10.07μ mo]/l (65μ g/dl).
(1) food zinc supplement
Meat and eggs: lean pork, beef, animal liver and egg yolk.
Seafood: oysters and herring.
Fruits and vegetables: carrots, beans, corn, Chinese cabbage, apples, dates, pears and strawberries.
Coarse grains: wheat, corn flour and millet.
Nut: Walnut
(2) Zinc supplementation with drugs
Before taking medicine to supplement zinc for children, we must let the hospital check it first, and then add zinc gluconate and licorice zinc granules after the zinc deficiency is diagnosed. The general medication time should be limited to 2-4 months, and the drug should be stopped in time after the zinc content is normal.
Precautions for zinc supplementation: Although zinc has the title of "spark of life" and "source of intelligence", in fact, as a trace element, the daily demand of human body is not large, so zinc supplementation should be proper and not excessive.
Excessive intake of zinc in children can cause acute zinc poisoning, with gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea; In addition, children's gastrointestinal function is still not perfect, and excessive zinc is difficult to be excreted. Excessive zinc content in the body will also inhibit the body's absorption of iron, copper and vitamin C, and cause iron deficiency anemia. Excessive zinc will also affect calcium absorption, making children's immunity decline and disease resistance poor.
Thanks to the reviewer: Wu Xuexin, Jinan Children's Hospital.
The above answers are provided by Li Xiuyun of Jinan Children's Hospital!
From which foods can the baby take more zinc? The foods that babies can ingest zinc are mainly divided into three categories: breast milk, formula milk powder and complementary food.
1 and breast milk
According to the reference intake of dietary nutrients for China residents (version 20 13), the general zinc content in breast milk can reach 284.4μg/ 100g. If the baby can consume 780g of breast milk every day, that is, about 800mL, then the baby can consume 2.2mg of zinc, which can fully meet the needs.
2. Formula milk powder
According to GB 10765-20 10 infant formula, the zinc content of formula milk powder should be 0.12mg/100kj ~ 0.36mg/100kj, and the average formula milk powder should be 0.
The Nutrition Society of China suggested that the formula milk baby should ensure at least 600mL of milk every day. According to the calculation of every 13 g 100mL of milk, the zinc that the baby can consume from the formula every day is 1.78mg~5.33mg.
From this point of view, as long as the milk quantity is guaranteed, the formula milk can meet the baby's daily zinc needs. According to stupid dad's incomplete statistics, the zinc content of most formula milk is between 3.5 mg and 4.5 mg/100g, and the zinc intake of 600mL milk every day is 2.7-3.5 mg, so it will not be short of zinc normally.
3. Rice noodles
Rice flour is usually fortified with zinc. According to the incomplete statistics of stupid dad, the zinc content in plain rice flour is usually between 3.5 and 5 mg/100g, and the zinc intake for three meals a day can reach 2.8 to 3.75 mg.
That is to say, babies at the age of 0.5~ 1 year will not be short of zinc under normal circumstances.
4. Other complementary foods and staple foods
Ordinary food also contains a lot of zinc. After 6 months, the baby can start to increase this kind of food, so they are another important way to ingest zinc.
Generally speaking, red meat and animal offal are excellent sources of zinc, for example, the zinc content of pig liver is 5.78 mg/100g; Secondly, shrimp, wheat, peanuts and eggs are good sources of zinc. In addition, the usual plant foods, such as vegetables and fruits, are low in zinc.
To sum up, a baby with a normal and balanced diet between 0 and 3 years old does not need to take any additional zinc supplements.
Of course, there are exceptions. In case the baby's milk is insufficient or he doesn't like to drink formula milk or eat complementary food, he may face the risk of zinc deficiency. At this time, he can choose a special zinc supplement.
Zinc is one of the essential nutrients in human life, and it is a trace element second only to iron content in human body. Zinc is an essential factor for many enzymes and active proteins in human body, which plays a very important role in maintaining the stability of cell membrane, improving people's cognitive ability, central nervous system activity and enhancing immune function. It is also essential for genetic metabolism and maintaining normal taste and vision. Zinc deficiency can cause a series of diseases. Such as growth stagnation, adolescent sexual retardation, anorexia, pica, low immune function, easy infection, abnormal skin and mucous membrane performance, long-term unhealed wounds, intrauterine growth retardation if pregnant women are short of zinc, abnormal vitamin A metabolism, night blindness and difficulty in night vision, etc.
Zinc is widely distributed in human body, and exists in human body as a component of enzymes. At present, more than 300 enzymes in human body are known to contain zinc. Almost all tissues, organs, body fluids and secretions contain zinc. Liver, skeletal muscle, skin, hair, nails, eyes and prostate are relatively high. Zinc in bones and hair is relatively fixed, so it is not easy to be used by metabolism or tissues. The amount of zinc in the blood of adults is very small, accounting for only 0.5% of the total zinc in the whole body, and the zinc in blood mainly exists in red blood cells (about 75%~88% of blood zinc), and the zinc in plasma only accounts for 12~23% of blood zinc.
The absorption of zinc is mainly in the duodenum and proximal small intestine. A large amount of zinc enters the body and binds to polymer protein, and another part binds to metallothionein. When the body is in urgent need of zinc, these protein release zinc, which combines with albumin in the blood and enters the blood circulation, and some zinc combines with transferrin and transports it to the blood, so the absorption rate of zinc will increase. When the zinc in the body is in a state of balance, 90% of excessive zinc intake (including diet or additional zinc supplements) is excreted through feces, and the rest is excreted or lost from urine, sweat, semen, dander and hair. However, foods rich in phytic acid, oxalate, dietary fiber and polyphenols (tannins) in the diet will also inhibit the absorption of zinc.
Because zinc is transported and absorbed in the body through the above ways, if iron and calcium are supplemented too much, the absorption rate of zinc will be reduced; On the contrary, supplementing too much zinc will not only reduce the absorption of iron and other bivalent elements, such as copper, manganese and calcium, which will cause the absorption obstacles of these nutrients. Moreover, excessive zinc supplementation can also cause gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. The zinc content in the general diet will not cause poisoning, but if it is supplemented with drugs, zinc poisoning may occur. Acute zinc poisoning can cause convulsions, coma, dehydration and shock, resulting in death. Chronic zinc poisoning is characterized by loss of appetite, listlessness, decreased serum iron and copper, and intractable anemia.
At present, in the process of clinical diagnosis, serum zinc, leukocyte zinc, erythrocyte zinc, hair zinc and saliva zinc have been used as indicators to evaluate the nutritional status of zinc, but they can not fully reflect the nutritional status of zinc in the body. At present, there is no accurate and unified standard for the inspection of trace elements in the world. Because there are many factors that affect the determination results of trace elements, it is inaccurate and unreliable to evaluate the nutritional status of zinc through venous blood, finger blood and hair zinc (including other trace elements and macro elements). At the same time, the determination of trace elements is also affected by the environment and operating conditions. For example, hair zinc can be affected by many factors such as hair cleanliness, hair quality, individual growth and development, environmental pollution and so on, so it can not reflect the nutritional status of zinc well. The finger blood test for zinc is also inaccurate. Because the amount of zinc in blood is very small, and most of it is stored in red blood cells, interstitial fluid will be mixed in the process of blood collection by staff, which will make the test result of blood zinc with extremely low content even lower.
Therefore, as parents or medical staff, we should have a clear mind and treat the problem of "nutritional zinc deficiency" with caution. Doctors can't diagnose only by the test indexes of trace elements in finger blood, hair and venous blood, but also by careful examination and diagnosis in combination with clinical symptoms before giving zinc treatment. As parents, we should be more cautious, because zinc supplementation is a treatment rather than a simple thing like eating health care products. If it is really necessary to supplement zinc, it is also recommended to use pure zinc preparation instead of compound drugs, such as drugs composed of zinc and other elements, which can easily cause imbalance of nutrients in the body.
How to meet the baby's demand for zinc in daily life? In fact, it is very simple. For babies, breastfeeding is beneficial to prevent zinc deficiency. The zinc content of human colostrum is 3~4 times higher than that of mature milk. The bioavailability of zinc in human milk is higher than that of soybean protein and milk. Of course, the content of zinc in human milk varies greatly among individuals, which is closely related to the intake of dietary zinc during pregnancy and lactation. At present, formula milk has been fortified with appropriate amount of zinc. Children should add complementary food on time, pay attention to the reasonable collocation of complementary food types, and advocate "natural food and balanced diet" As long as the dietary structure is reasonable, ensure the daily intake of animal food, vegetables, fruits and cereals, appropriately add coarse grains, and ensure that these foods are not lacking.
We don't approve of supplementing some zinc agents to meet children's demand for zinc during their growth and development.
Baby's zinc deficiency can lead to baby's loss of appetite, anorexia, growth and development disorders, delayed wound healing, low immune function, repeated infections and so on. It is more common in premature delivery, twins, multiple fetuses, artificial feeding and patients with malnutrition, chronic diarrhea and intestinal malabsorption syndrome.
Zinc deficiency is usually treated by oral zinc supplementation, and zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate and zinc acetate can be selected. The daily dose is calculated as 0.5- 1mg/kg elemental zinc, and the course of treatment is 2-3 months. For children who cannot take it orally or have malabsorption after oral administration, intravenous zinc supplementation is needed.
At the same time, breast feeding is encouraged, and children with premature infants, artificial feeding, malnutrition, long-term diarrhea and excessive growth and development should be properly supplemented with zinc, and foods rich in zinc should be supplemented, such as lean meat, egg yolk, fish, oysters, cheese and so on. # Breeze Project # #39 Healthy Super Group #
If the baby has zinc deficiency, it can be treated with food if it is not serious. At ordinary times, add some foods with high zinc content and eat some sea fish, nuts, fungus, green vegetables, edible fungi and so on. For example, cooking sea fish and shrimp for your baby, breaking nuts such as walnuts, peanuts and sesame seeds and cooking porridge for your baby are all good zinc supplements. Add some zinc gluconate when necessary.
Babies of different ages need different amounts of zinc. A baby who is exclusively breastfed within 6 months can get enough zinc from breast milk to meet the baby's growth and development needs, and zinc that can meet the baby's needs is also added to the formula milk; After 6 months, there is no need to supplement zinc when breast milk or 600 ml formula milk are fed about 5 times a day and complementary food is gradually added; After 1 year-old, if the baby can consume about 500ml of milk, 1 egg, 1 meat, liver or scallops, oysters, small walnuts and other foods once a week, don't add extra zinc. Therefore, healthy babies fed normally generally do not suffer from zinc deficiency.
Foods with high zinc content include: oyster meat, wheat germ powder, small walnuts (cooked), fresh scallops, oyster meat, dried mushrooms, beef tenderloin, fried pumpkin seeds, lean mutton, liver and so on.
If the baby suffers from diarrhea for more than 2 weeks, it needs to be supplemented with zinc under the guidance of a doctor. Because long-term diarrhea is easy to cause zinc deficiency. If your baby has recurrent oral ulcers, poor appetite or poor growth in body length, you should go to the hospital for examination in time if there is zinc deficiency.
Hello, dear Bao Baba Bao Ma, Sister Peach is here!
Zinc is very important for the health and development of adults and children. Knowing how much zinc children need, the best source and how to avoid taking too much or too little zinc is a good job for parents ~
Why is zinc important for children? More than 70 enzymes depend on zinc to play their roles in digestion and metabolism. Children with insufficient zinc intake are prone to stunting.
How much zinc does the child need? Age 1~3 years old: 3mg daily.
Age 4~8 years old: 5mg daily.
Children don't need to take the right amount of zinc every day. In a few days or a week, it is enough to reach the average.
A good source of zinc zinc can be found in all kinds of foods. Here are some of the best sources of zinc:
60 grams of breakfast cereal: 2.5 mg
28 grams of dry roasted almonds: 1 mg
60 grams of low-fat fruit yogurt: 0.8 mg
1 packet of instant oatmeal: 0.8mg.
30 grams of skim cheese: 0.8 mg
1/4 roast chicken leg: 0.6 mg.
30 grams of lentils: 0.6 mg
30 grams of raw tofu prepared with calcium sulfate: 0.5 mg.
(Note: The nutritional components of tofu are different, which depends on the processing process of tofu. )
30 grams of cooked peas: 0.4 mg
1/4 skinless chicken breast: 0.4mg.
60 grams of milk: 0.4 mg
The amount of zinc in the same food will be different, depending on the brand or the cutting of meat. It is worth noting that for young children, granular food should be mashed or cut into small pieces to avoid suffocation.
Depending on age and appetite, children may eat more or less food than they need. Parents can estimate the content of nutrients accordingly.
Can children take too much zinc? To tell the truth, children are unlikely to take too much zinc from their diet, but excessive intake (such as vitamin supplementation) will cause adverse reactions, such as nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and headache. Long-term use of too much zinc will also cause long-term toxic effects.
1~3-year-old children's maximum dose of zinc supplementation is 7 mg. For children aged 4~8,12mg is enough.
(2) It affects bone synthesis and calcification, which is not conducive to bone development and affects children's height.
(3) Affect appetite and hinder physical development.
(4) reduce immunity and get sick easily.
(5) Oral ulcers are prone to occur.
Zinc is one of the most important trace elements in our human body. It participates in all kinds of metabolism in our human body every day. Like other trace elements, it cannot be naturally produced in the human body. Due to the needs of various physiological metabolism, a certain amount of zinc is excreted every day. Therefore, it is necessary to take a certain amount of zinc every day to meet the needs of the body. According to the analysis of domestic data, about 40% of children are zinc deficient, so what causes so many children to be zinc deficient? The reasons may be as follows:
1. Congenital zinc deficiency, which is due to the mother's failure to supplement zinc in time during pregnancy, resulting in congenital zinc deficiency in children.
2. Rapid growth and development, vigorous metabolism, increased demand for zinc, resulting in insufficient zinc supply.
3. Unreasonable eating habits, our body's zinc can't be produced by ourselves, and it can only be supplemented by external food intake. Picky food, anorexia and unbalanced diet will lead to insufficient zinc intake.
4. In the traditional dietary habits of China people, dishes are usually cooked by high-temperature means such as frying, frying, cooking and frying, and the high-temperature cooking process will lead to the loss of many nutrients in dishes, especially zinc.
What are the symptoms of zinc deficiency in children?
1. Loss of appetite, picky eaters, anorexia, even not eating.
2. Immune decline, easy to get sick and catch a cold, get sick repeatedly, stay ill for a long time, break out in sweating, etc.
3. Slow growth and development, short and thin, lagging behind peers.
4. Malnutrition is easy to cause nutritional dwarfism, with barbs around the fingernails, white spots on the fingernails, and yellow and sparse hair.
5. It is easy to cause recurrent oral ulcer, map tongue and other symptoms.
Methods of zinc supplementation for children: zinc deficiency will seriously affect the healthy growth of children. When children are found to be zinc deficient, they should be supplemented with zinc in time. Zinc supplementation can be done from these aspects:
1. Food supplement:
Seafood: oysters, dried scallops, dried shrimps, fish, etc.
Vegetables: Tricholoma, Shanghai Green, Amorphophallus, Radish.
Meat: pork liver, mutton, steak, donkey meat.
Fruits: apples, pears, peanuts, cashews and dried apricots. These foods can supplement zinc well.
2. Zinc supplements: The period of food supplements is relatively long and the effect is relatively slow. Zinc supplements are relatively faster, like Xinxibao tablets, the third-generation protein zinc, which can solve the problem of zinc deficiency in children as soon as possible.
Finally: calcium and zinc cannot be supplemented at the same time. If calcium and zinc are supplemented to the baby at the same time, there will be mutual inhibition of absorption. Therefore, children must stagger the time to take it. Generally speaking, zinc can be supplemented in the morning, and calcium can be supplemented in the afternoon or before going to bed at night.
I shared an experience of my baby's literacy. My baby is 3 years old this year and began to let him read and recognize words. Before, I bought some cards and books with pictures from Taobao for him to know, but the effect was not obvious, it took a lot of time, and it was easy to be damaged. Moreover, the baby wanted to put everything in his mouth, and some small puzzles were afraid that the baby would eat them.
Then I downloaded a lot of software for my baby to learn. It was good at first, but there was a charge for using it later, and the price was not cheap. Suddenly I felt cheated.
Later, I found an APP called "Little Cat Handsome Learning Chinese Characters". I really recommend it to everyone. There are many adventure stories in it. My baby especially likes to listen to it. He is usually very active. When he sees this, he listens to the stories quietly. All kinds of game levels let the baby learn Chinese characters repeatedly, deepen his memory, and make me feel fun when I play with my baby. The operation is also very simple, and the baby can operate independently. The most important thing is that this software can be enjoyed for life at one charge!
Moreover, our hometown accent is particularly strong, and we are afraid that the baby will not change after learning. If he goes to school with such a strong accent, he will definitely be laughed at by other children.
My baby loves learning very much now. Every day after work, he pesters me to interact with him and play the games with him. Not only does he learn fast, but he also makes me feel much more relaxed.