1. drug treatment
(1) analgesic treatment: the first attack of renal colic available diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve; if the pain persists, available dihydromorphinone, pethidine, bupropion, etc., with atropine, ranunculus and other antispasmodics used together with analgesic, sedative.
(2) anti-infection treatment: kidney stone acute attack is often accompanied by infection, should be timely application of antibiotic treatment.
(3) lithotripsy medication: available drugs are diclofenac sodium suppositories anus, a-blockers (tamsulosin), sodium hydrogen potassium buprate, sodium bicarbonate tablets, etc., only for a small number of relatively small kidney stones.
(4) Litholytic therapy: i.e., chemically dissolving stones or stone fragments, which can completely remove stones, is an effective adjuvant treatment, and is effective for infected stones, cystine stones, and uric acid stones.
2. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: It is suitable for renal pelvis and middle and upper calyceal stones with a diameter of 5-20 mm, and is not applicable to pregnant women and patients with distal urinary tract stenosis, coagulation dysfunction, renal failure, acute urinary tract infections, severe arrhythmia, and stones with too large a volume.
3. Surgery
(1) Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: It is mainly used for the treatment of complex renal stones, such as ≥2 cm renal stones, staghorn-shaped stones, multiple renal stones, and stones that have failed extracorporeal shock wave therapy.
(2) Ureteroscopic lithotripsy and lithotripsy: it is suitable for renal stones with a diameter of <2 centimeters, mainly including middle and lower ureteral stones, upper ureteral stones that have failed extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, ureteral stones with negative X-rays, and embedded stones that have stayed for a long time.
(3) Open surgery: due to the traumatic nature of this procedure, it is rarely used and is only used when there are contraindications to other surgical treatment modalities, complications, or treatment failure.