1, which has high nutritional value and is beneficial to development.
Naked oats (commonly known as naked oats) have comprehensive nutrition and high value, which is incomparable to any cereal crop. Its main nutrients are protein, fat (mainly unsaturated fatty acids), heat energy, crude fiber and minerals, which are higher than those of wheat, rice, corn, millet and millet, but its carbohydrates are obviously lower than those of these crops (see table 1). According to the first volume of China Oat Variety Resources Catalogue, the average protein content of 722 naked oat seeds is16.091.27 (11.9-19.62)%, and the fat content is 6.3-/. Naked oats are rich in eight essential amino acids, especially lysine, which can improve human skeleton and intellectual development. The lysine content per100g is 0.68g, while that of wheat is 0.26g, corn is 0.3 1 g, rice is 0.26g and sorghum is 0.23g.. ..
The fat of naked oats is rich in linoleic acid. According to the comprehensive analysis of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the linoleic acid content of naked oats accounts for 38. 1-52% of the fat content, which is 2.0-3.0% of the grain weight. Linoleic acid is generally considered to have the function of lowering blood fat and dredging veins, and is the main component of Yishouning and Maitong.
Naked oat seeds are also rich in vitamins and minerals. The contents of vitamin E, B 1, B2, iron, calcium and phosphate are obviously higher than those of wheat flour and rice. In particular, it also contains saponins that other cereal crops do not have. According to the experiment of Australian scholar D.C.Oakenfull 1979, only oats (including naked oats) in cereal crops contain saponins. A small amount of saponin can combine with fiber to absorb bile acid, promote the transformation of liver cholesterol into bile, and excrete it with feces, thus explaining the mechanism of oat lowering cholesterol.
Recent studies at home and abroad have also confirmed that low density lipoprotein (LDL) of patients with high cholesterol can be extracted from naked oats (including common cultivated oats). Szlig dextran.
The starch content of naked oats is 64.8%, which is lower than that of wheat flour (74.6%) and rice (76.8%). Therefore, the FDA of the United States has confirmed that it has the effect of controlling type II diabetes. (See table 1)
According to the viewpoint of nutrition, protein is an essential nutrient for human body and the foundation of life. Protein consists of more than 20 kinds of amino acids. Evaluating the nutritional value of protein in food depends not only on the amount of protein contained, but also on whether the composition of eight essential amino acids in protein is balanced. Naked oats are not only rich in protein, but also have a balanced composition of eight essential amino acids.
The nutritional value and health care function of naked oats are incomparable to ordinary cereal crops. As Robert W.welch, a famous American cereal scientist, said at the Second International Oat Conference on 1985, "Compared with other cereal crops, oats have unique characteristics, namely, anti-lipid components, highly water-soluble colloids and a balanced protein, which is extremely important for improving human health.
2, the edible value is high, which is beneficial to processing.
Naked oats are the main food for people in Hebei, Shanxi, Mongolia and the main producing areas in northwest China. In the past, more than 90% of farmers' staple food in the main producing areas was naked oats, which still accounts for 50% of farmers' staple food at present. Moreover, naked oats food is a good food for heavy manual workers because of its high calorie and high protein, which is especially resistant to hunger and indigestion. The people in the main producing areas are known as "naked oats are forty miles, cakes are thirty miles, buckwheat noodles 10 are hungry, and white flour and rice are not enough to eat". Moreover, because of the special processing method and special flavor, oat noodle can be made into a variety of foods (more than 20 traditional foods), which is the first choice for cities and tourists. Naked oats are one of the necessary staple foods for local women in Liangshan area of Yunguichuan. Oatmeal powder is a good food for children and the elderly because of its high lysine content. Regular consumption can promote the development of human bones and intelligence. The rich linoleic acid, β -glucan and saponin in naked oats can obviously reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Low starch and high fiber content make it have the effect of treating type II diabetes. Therefore, naked oat food is not only a staple food for farmers in producing areas, but also a functional food to improve patients with "three highs", which is a food that cities and the rich need to eat frequently.
3, the feeding value is good, which is beneficial to the development of animal husbandry.
(1) feed value: naked oats are a good feed for livestock and poultry. According to experiments at home and abroad, pigs gain weight quickly and have more lean meat. Feed the chicken a lot of big eggs, which are delicious. Chickens raised by villagers in Bashang naked oats production area in Zhangjiakou use naked oats as feed, each egg weighs 60-70g, the yolk is orange and tastes good. The chicken rolls with corn as the main material weigh about 50 grams each, and the yolk is white and gray, so the eggs in the naked oat producing area are very popular with consumers. The main reason is that the protein content of naked oats is 15%. Nearly twice as much as corn; The heat is 39 1.0Kcal, which is 33Kcsl higher than that of corn 358Kcsl. In particular, lysine content is very high as an important index of feed. Naked oat 100g contains 0.68g lysine, which is twice as much as that of corn 0.31g. Moreover, it is a good feed crop with comprehensive nutrition and high content.
(2) Forage value: most of the naked oats producing areas are semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, and straw and wheat straw are excellent forage, which is also a reason why the planting area of naked oats in the naked oats producing areas cannot be compressed. As forage grass, there are two feeding methods, one is mowing (called green naked oats by local villagers), and the other is harvesting threshed dry straw. The straw of naked oats is juicy, tender and palatable, which is recognized by the world cattle industry as one of the best forage to improve the milk yield of dairy cows. See Table 3 for its nutritional components. The protein, fat and digestible fiber of yellow-ripened naked oat straw are higher than those of wheat, barley, rye, millet and corn, but the crude fiber that is not digestible is less. According to Livestock Breeding (August 1979, Agricultural Press), the crude protein content of naked oat straw is 5.2%, the crude fat content is 2.2%, and the ammonia-free extract content is 44.6%. Millet straw (cereal) is 3.6%, 1.4% and 34.7% respectively; 6.3%, 1.2% and 23.2% in corn straw respectively; 3.2 1.5% and 34.6% in wheat straw, 28.2% in indigestible crude fiber oat, 39. 1% in wheat straw, 33. 1% in corn straw and 44.6% in millet straw (cereal).
4. Taking advantage of the characteristics of naked oats, such as cold and cool, short growth period and less effective accumulated temperature, breeding early-maturing varieties, delaying sowing date and adopting tillage methods to encourage ploughing can play a role in storing sand, consolidating soil and preventing sandstorms.
Naked oats is a traditional crop in the alpine mountain area above and below the dam, with a long planting history of about 2000 years. Since liberation, many adjustment measures have been taken to replace "low-yield" naked oats with "high-yield" crops, such as putting millet on the dam, planting potatoes on a large scale, planting ink wheat, etc., but the effect is not obvious. Some crops were compressed for a while, then rebounded, and the planting area quickly returned to the level before compression. It shows that people in this area like naked oats and have experience and technology in planting naked oats. Zhangjiakou city and its surrounding Bashang naked oats producing areas in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Chengde are the first sandstorm source around Beijing and Tianjin. Naked oat is the largest crop in this area, and its sown area accounts for 30-50% of the sown area of grain in this area. Therefore, sand control must start from naked oats field. In recent years, in view of the fact that the windy days in naked oats producing areas are mostly in winter and spring season (65438+ February to the next month, accounting for more than 65.5% of the windy days in the whole year), and there is no precipitation at this time (07.5% of the annual precipitation of 65438+), it is easy to cause sandstorms in the live soil state after ploughing, so the super-early-maturing alfalfa with a growth period of 75-85 days is cultivated. Test results:
Yield: Huazao 2 is a super-early-maturing variety bred in 2002-2003. The four sowing dates are scheduled for June 5th, June 10, June 15 and June 20th respectively. The results showed that all the four sowing dates could mature normally, and the yields reached 3222kg/hm 2 and 3 109 respectively.
Soil water storage and sand prevention: plot and large-scale experiments show that it can increase the thickness of soil layer by 4-6 cm, increase the organic matter content by 27.5% and prevent soil erosion by 3-3.5 cm, which is very beneficial to prevent and control sandstorms and consolidate soil water storage and sand prevention. It is an excellent measure to prevent sand around Beijing. The experimental results in Guyuan Green Science and Technology Park in 2003-2004 can illustrate the effect of this measure.
In 2003, Guyuan Green Science and Technology Park planted 2 mu of super-early-maturing variety "Huazao 2", which was sown in June 15 and matured in September 18, with an average yield of 306 kg per mu. When harvesting in autumn, the height of stubble is about 40 cm. Measured from June 65438+ 10, 2003 to May 30, 2004, the thickness of overlying sand on stubble height is 2.6-6.3 cm, which can be converted into sand storage per mu 173.3-420 cubic meters, with an average of 2966.7 cubic meters. The measured surface soil of adjacent ploughed plots was blown away by wind erosion 1.9-2.6cm, and the converted soil consolidation amount was 126.6- 173.3 cubic meters, with an average of 150 cubic meters. Sand storage and soil consolidation per mu is 446.7 cubic meters. If the four counties in Bashang are calculated by 1 10,000 mu of naked oats, 446.7 million mu of sandy soil can be stored.