The bark of Phellodendron amurense is shallow trough-shaped or plate-shaped, slightly curved, with different length and width, and the thickness is 1 ~ 6mm. The outer surface is yellow-brown or yellow-brown, flat, with longitudinal grooves, and the rest of the cork is about 0.2mm thick, grayish brown, inelastic and lipped; The inner surface is dark yellow or light brown with slender longitudinal edges. The body is light and hard, the cortex is slightly granular, the phloem is fibrous, split and layered, and bright yellow. Slight gas, extremely bitter taste, sticky to chew.

Efficacy of Cortex Phellodendri:

Efficacy classification: clearing away heat and toxic materials; Medicine for clearing heat and eliminating dampness. Indications: damp-heat dysentery, diarrhea jaundice; Wet dream, shower, take it off; Bone steaming, fatigue and heat; And sores on the tongue. Eyes red and swollen; Carbuncle sore poison; Skin eczema. Sexual taste: bitter; Cold. Cortex Phellodendri and Rhizoma Coptidis also contain more berberine, so their pharmacological effects are similar. See coptis chinensis. But the content is lower than that of Coptis chinensis, and it contains other components, and its function is somewhat different.

Pharmacological effects of Cortex Phellodendri:

1. Antibacterial effect:

The effective antibacterial component of Cortex Phellodendri is berberine, so its pharmacological action is similar to that of Rhizoma Coptidis, but its content is low. In vitro tests are effective or have a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, diphtheria bacillus, Streptococcus viridis, Shigella (except Sonnerella), Streptococcus hemolyticus, Meningococcus, Vibrio cholerae and Bacillus anthracis. It also has inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis, Bordetella pertussis and Tetanus. It has no direct inhibitory effect on H37Rv and Mycobacterium avium, but it can reduce the number of bacteria, but it has antibacterial effect when the concentration reaches 65438 0%. When guinea pigs are inoculated with human mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) for experimental treatment, the effect of oral administration or injection is very poor. Hydrochloric acid crystallization of Cortex Phellodendri extract has certain curative effect on guinea pigs inoculated with bovine tuberculosis. Cortex Phellodendri can improve the clinical symptoms and X-ray examination of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and it is better than Rhizoma Coptidis. In vitro, the decoction or extract of Phellodendron amurense has different antibacterial effects on common pathogenic fungi. Its decoction can not kill leptospira (the dosage should be larger than that of Coptis chinensis 1 times). It also has a weak effect on trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. It is reported that 1: 1 phellodendron amurense extract prepared by acid-alkali method can be used to treat bacillary dysentery by enema, and it usually takes 2-4 days to recover. The total effective rate of Phellodendron physiotherapy solution was 97.3%.

2. Antifungal effect:

The ether extracts of Cortex Phellodendri and Cortex Phellodendri have strong antibacterial effects on Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton rubrum, which are stronger than nystatin, but weaker than nystatin on Candida albicans.

3. Anti-grooving effect:

Volatilization of Phellodendron amurense fruit has antitussive effect, and its antitussive component is mainly geraniol. Berberine and 5,5'-dimethylfurfural ether were separated from the volatile oil.

4. Hypotensive effect:

Phellodendron amurense can significantly and permanently reduce blood pressure in anesthetized animals by intravenous injection or intraperitoneal injection. Carotid injection is stronger than intravenous injection, so the antihypertensive effect may be central. The tertiary amine compound named rosin synthesized by changing the quaternized phellodendrine can also cause rapid and significant antihypertensive effect; When the spinal cord is cut off between cervical vertebrae I and II, blood pressure will disappear, which also proves that blood pressure is central. In addition, sibelium has a strong anti-adrenaline-like effect, inhibiting the pressor response caused by carotid artery compression, asphyxia, and electrical stimulation of the great splanchnic nerve, as well as the instantaneous membrane contraction response caused by injection of adrenaline or electrical stimulation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.

5. Antitrichomonal effect:

Cortex Phellodendri decoction mixed with trichomonas solution 10% concentration +0: 1 has inhibitory effect on trichomonas vaginalis.

6. Anti-hepatitis effect:

6.25- 100% of Huangbai decoction has inhibitory effect on hepatitis B antigen in vitro. Phellodendrine has certain curative effect on chronic hepatitis.

7. Effect on immune function:

Cortex Phellodendri decoction, 100% concentration, 0.3ml/ rat for 7 days, can increase the number of plaque-forming cells in the spleen of mice.

8. Anti-ulcer effect:

Cortex Phellodendri extract (berberine) 100 mg/kg subcutaneous injection, 100mg/kg intragastric injection or intradermal injection can inhibit gastric ulcer in rats caused by ethanol, aspirin or pyloric ligation.

9. Other functions:

Phellodendrine and sibelium can inhibit the central nervous system, and the spontaneous activity and various reflexes of mice are inhibited. After taking sibelium in anesthetized rabbits, slow amplitude waves can appear in brain waves. Phellodendrine has a slight arrow poison-like effect, which has no effect on the tension of frog rectus abdominis, but can inhibit the contraction reaction caused by acetylcholine. For isolated rabbit intestine, Huangbaisan can enhance its amplitude, and Huangbaisan can enhance its tension and amplitude. Cortex phellodendri lactone inhibits intestinal tract. In rabbits with pancreatic fistula, cypress can promote pancreatic secretion. Cortex Phellodendri lactone can reduce blood sugar in rabbits at a lethal dose (0.05-0. 1g/kg), but cortex Phellodendri ketone has no such effect. It is said that cypress has the function of protecting platelets. Cortex Phellodendri (10ppm,18h can kill 62%) and houseflies. In addition, it also has diuretic and stomach strengthening effects, and external use can promote the absorption of subcutaneous hemorrhage.